# enzymes

entry: 1.13.11.34
sysname: arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase
reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-(5S)-5-hydroperoxyicosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoate [RN:R01595]
iubmb_reaction: R01595
kegg_reaction: R03058 R07057
name:
--- 
- arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
- leukotriene-A4 synthase
- delta5-lipoxygenase
- 5delta-lipoxygenase
- arachidonic 5-lipoxygenase
- arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase
- C-5-lipoxygenase
- LTA synthase
- leukotriene A4 synthase

comment:
The product shown above is further converted by the enzyme into (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-(5S,6S)-5,6-epoxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoate (leukotriene A4).


entry: 1.13.11.36
name: --- - chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase
sysname: 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
iubmb_reaction: R04602
comment:
An iron protein, requiring additional Fe2+. Not identical with EC 1.13.11.1 (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase), EC 1.13.11.2 (catechol 2,3-dioxygenase) or EC 1.13.11.5 (homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase). Involved in the breakdown of the herbicide chloridazon.

reaction:
5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone + O2 = 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxymuconoyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone [RN:R04602]


entry: 1.13.11.37
name: --- - hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase - hydroxyquinol dioxygenase
sysname: benzene-1,2,4-triol:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
reaction: benzene-1,2,4-triol + O2 = 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate [RN:R04061]
iubmb_reaction: R04061
kegg_reaction: R03891
comment:
An iron protein. The product isomerizes to 2-maleylacetate (cis-hexenedioate). Highly specific; catechol and pyrogallol are acted on at less than 1% of the rate at which hydroxyquinol is oxidized.


entry: 1.13.11.38
sysname: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3Z)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate
iubmb_reaction: (other) R03466
kegg_reaction: R03466
name:
--- 
- 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 1,2-dioxygenase
- 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate dioxygenase
- 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate-degrading enzyme
- 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid dioxygenase

comment:
Requires Fe2+. Involved, with EC 4.1.2.34 4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate aldolase, in the metabolism of phenanthrene in bacteria.


entry: 1.13.11.39
sysname: biphenyl-2,3-diol:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
reaction: biphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O [RN:R03462]
iubmb_reaction: R03462
kegg_reaction: R05245
name:
--- 
- biphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase
- 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase
- biphenyl-2,3-diol dioxygenase

comment:
Also acts on 3-isopropylcatechol, forming 7-methyl-2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate. Not identical with EC 1.13.11.2 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase.


entry: 1.13.11.43
name: --- - lignostilbene alpha,beta-dioxygenase
sysname: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene:oxygen oxidoreductase (alpha,beta-bond-cleaving)
reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene + O2 = 2 vanillin [RN:R00043]
iubmb_reaction: R00043
comment:
An iron protein. The enzyme catalyses oxidative cleavage of the interphenyl double bond in the synthetic substrate and lignin-derived stilbenes. It is responsible for the degradation of a diarylpropane-type structure in lignin.


entry: 1.13.11.44
name: --- - linoleate diol synthase - linoleate (8R)-dioxygenase
sysname: linoleate:oxygen 7S,8S-oxidoreductase
reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,12Z)-(7S,8S)-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate [RN:R07061 R07062]
iubmb_reaction: R07061 R07062
comment:
Oleate and linolenate are also substrates, whereas stearate, elaidate, gamma-linolenate, arachidonate and icosapentaenate are not. This enzyme differs from lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) because it catalyses the formation of a hydroperoxide without affecting the double bonds of the substrate.


entry: 1.13.11.45
name: --- - linoleate 11-lipoxygenase - linoleate dioxygenase, manganese lipoxygenase
sysname: linoleate:oxygen 11S-oxidoreductase
reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,12Z)-(11S)-11-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate [RN:R05718]
iubmb_reaction: R05718
comment:
The product (9Z,12Z)-(11S)-11-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate, is converted, more slowly, into (9Z,11E)-(13R)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate. The enzyme from the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis requires Mn2+. It also acts on alpha-linolenate, whereas gamma-linolenate is a poor substrate. Oleate and arachidonate are not substrates.


entry: 1.13.11.47
sysname: 3-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-4-one 2,4-dioxygenase (CO-forming)
reaction: 3-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-4-one + O2 = N-formylanthranilate + CO [RN:R05719]
iubmb_reaction: R05719
kegg_reaction: R04915 R05155
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase
- (1H)-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase
- 3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase
- 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-one, 2,4-dioxygenase
- quinoline-3,4-diol 2,4-dioxygenase

comment:
Does not contain a metal centre or organic cofactor. Fission of two C-C bonds: 2,4-dioxygenolytic cleavage with concomitant release of carbon monoxide. The enzyme from Pseudomonas putida is highly specific for this substrate.


entry: 1.13.11.48
sysname: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one 2,4-dioxygenase (CO-forming)
reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one + O2 = N-acetylanthranilate + CO [RN:R05720]
iubmb_reaction: R05720
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxy-2-methylquinolin-4-one 2,4-dioxygenase
- (1H)-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase

comment:
Does not contain a metal centre or organic cofactor. Fission of two C-C bonds: 2,4-dioxygenolytic cleavage with concomitant release of carbon monoxide. The enzyme from Arthrobacter sp. can also act on 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline, forming N-formylanthranilate and CO (cf. EC 1.13.11.47, 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase), but more slowly.


entry: 1.13.11.49
name: --- - chlorite O2-lyase - "[chlorite dismutase]"
sysname: chloride:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: chloride + O2 = chlorite [RN:R05721]
iubmb_reaction: R05721
kegg_reaction: R07183
comment:
Reaction occurs in the reverse direction in chlorate- and perchlorate-reducing bacteria. There is no activity when chlorite is replaced by hydrogen peroxide, perchlorate, chlorate or nitrite. The term 'chlorite dismutase' is misleading as the reaction does not involve dismutation/disproportionation. Contains iron and protoheme IX.


entry: 1.13.11.50
sysname: acetylacetone:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal
name:
--- 
- acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme
- Dke1
- acetylacetone dioxygenase
- diketone cleaving dioxygenase
- diketone cleaving enzyme

comment:
An Fe(II)-dependent enzyme. Forms the first step in the acetylacetone degradation pathway of Acinetobacter johnsonii. While acetylacetone is by far the best substrate, heptane-3,5-dione, octane-2,4-dione, 2-acetylcyclohexanone and ethyl acetoacetate can also act as substrates.


entry: 1.13.11.51
sysname: 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid 11,12-dioxygenase
name:
--- 
- 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase
- nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase
- NCED
- AtNCED3
- PvNCED1
- VP14

comment:
Requires iron(II). Acts on 9-cis-violaxanthin and 9'-cis-neoxanthin but not on the all-trans isomers [2,3]. In vitro, it will cleave 9-cis-zeaxanthin. Catalyses the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids in chloroplasts, in response to water stress. The other enzymes involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway are EC 1.1.1.288 (xanthoxin dehydrogenase), EC 1.2.3.14 (abscisic aldehyde oxidase) and EC 1.14.13.93 [(+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase].

reaction:
(1) a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; (2) 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'- al; (3) 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta- caroten-12'-al


entry: 1.13.11.52
name: --- - indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase - IDO (ambiguous) - tryptophan pyrrolase (ambiguous)
sysname: D-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
iubmb_reaction: R07362 R00678
kegg_reaction: R02702 R02909 R03628
comment:
A protohemoprotein. Requires ascorbic acid and methylene blue for activity. This enzyme has broader substrate specificity than EC 1.13.11.11, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase [1]. It is induced in response to pathological conditions and host-defense mechanisms and its distribution in mammals is not confined to the liver [2]. While the enzyme is more active with D-tryptophan than L-tryptophan, its only known function to date is in the metabolism of L-tryptophan [2,6]. Superoxide radicals can replace O2 as oxygen donor [4,7].

reaction:
(1) D-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-D-kynurenine [RN:R07362]; (2) L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine [RN:R00678]


entry: 1.13.11.53
sysname: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one:oxygen oxidoreductase (formate- and CO-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R07363
name:
--- 
- acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring)
- ARD
- 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-thiomethylpent-1-ene dioxygenase (ambiguous)
- acireductone dioxygenase (ambiguous)
- E-2

comment:
Requires Ni2+. If iron(II) is bound instead of Ni2+, the reaction catalysed by EC 1.13.11.54, acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring], occurs instead [1]. The enzyme from Klebsiella oxytoca (formerly Klebsiella pneumoniae) ATCC strain 8724 is involved in the methionine salvage pathway.

reaction:
1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + formate + CO [RN:R07363]


entry: 1.13.11.54
sysname: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one:oxygen oxidoreductase (formate-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R07364
name:
--- 
- acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring]
- ARD'
- 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-thiomethylpent-1-ene dioxygenase (ambiguous)
- acireductone dioxygenase (ambiguous)
- E-2'

comment:
Requires iron(II). If Ni2+ is bound instead of iron(II), the reaction catalysed by EC 1.13.11.53, acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring), occurs instead. The enzyme from Klebsiella oxytoca (formerly Klebsiella pneumoniae) ATCC strain 8724 is involved in the methionine salvage pathway.

reaction:
1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-(methylthio)-2-oxobutanoate + formate [RN:R07364]


entry: 1.13.11.55
name: --- - sulfur oxygenase/reductase - SOR - sulfur oxygenase - sulfur oxygenase reductase
sysname: sulfur:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydrogen-sulfide- and sulfite-forming)
reaction: 4 sulfur + 4 H2O + O2 = 2 hydrogen sulfide + 2 bisulfite + 2 H+ [RN:R07365]
iubmb_reaction: R07365
comment:
This enzyme, which is found in thermophilic microorganisms, contains one mononuclear none-heme iron centre per subunit. Elemental sulfur is both the electron donor and one of the two known acceptors, the other being oxygen. Another reaction product is thiosulfate, but this is probably formed non-enzymically at elevated temperature from sulfite and sulfur [1]. This enzyme differs from EC 1.13.11.18, sulfur dioxygenase and EC 1.97.1.3, sulfur reductase, in that both activities are found together.


entry: 1.13.11.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Oxaloacetate + 2-Oxoglutarate + NH3 <=> 5-(2'-Carboxyethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate + 2 Oxygen [RN:R00356]; (2) 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate + Oxygen + NADH <=> Benzene-1,2,4-triol + CO2 + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R01629]; (3) 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate + Oxygen + NADPH <=> Benzene-1,2,4-triol + CO2 + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R01630]; (4) Naphthalene-1,2-diol + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate [RN:R04117]; (5) p-Benzenediol + Oxygen <=> cis,trans-4-Hydroxymuconic semialdehyde [RN:R05246]; (6) p-Cumate + Oxygen + NADH <=> cis-2,3-Dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate + NAD+ [RN:R05247]; (7) 2,3-Dihydroxy-p-cumate + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate [RN:R05248]; (8) 1,1-Dichloro-2-(dihydroxy-4'-chlorophenyl)-2-(4'- chlorophenyl)ethylene + Oxygen <=> 6-Oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2E,4E,7E- trienoate [RN:R05256]; (9) 2,3-Dihydroxy 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane + Oxygen <=> 6-Oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8,8-tetrachloroocta-2E,4E- dienoate [RN:R05257]; (10) 4-Sulfocatechol + Oxygen <=> 3-Sulfomuconate [RN:R05278]; (11) 2-Aminophenol + Oxygen <=> 2-Aminomuconate semialdehyde [RN:R05405]; (12) 3,5-Dichlorocatechol + Oxygen <=> 2,4-Dichloro-cis,cis-muconate [RN:R05407]; (13) 2,6-Dichlorohydroquinone + Oxygen + H2O <=> 2-Chloromaleylacetate + HCl [RN:R05408]; (14) 3,6-Dichlorocatechol + Oxygen <=> 2,5-Dichloro-cis,cis-muconate [RN:R05409]; (15) 3,4-Dihydroxyfluorene + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene)-but-2-enoic acid [RN:R05410]; (16) 2,2',3-Trihydroxybiphenyl + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate [RN:R05411]; (17) 1,2-Dihydroxyfluorene + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-4-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-1-ylidene)but-2-enoic acid [RN:R05412]; (18) 2,2',3-Trihydroxydiphenylether + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-hexa-2,4-dienoate [RN:R05413]; (19) Carbazole + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 2'-Aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol + NAD+ [RN:R05414]; (20) 2'-Aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate [RN:R05415]; (21) 3-Ethylcatechol + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-octa-2,4-dienoate + H+ [RN:R05416]; (22) Styrene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> Styrene cis-glycol + NAD+ [RN:R05417]; (23) Phenanthrene-3,4-diol + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-2H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate [RN:R05650]; (24) Phenanthracene + NAD+ <=> (+)-cis-3,4-Dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol + NADH + H+ + Oxygen [RN:R05843]; (25) (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-Icosatetraenoic acid + Oxygen <=> 12(R)-HPETE [RN:R07038]; (26) (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-Icosatetraenoic acid + Oxygen <=> 11(R)-HPETE [RN:R07047]; (27) (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-Icosatetraenoic acid + Oxygen <=> 9(S)-HPETE [RN:R07049]; (28) (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-Icosatetraenoic acid + Oxygen <=> 8(S)-HPETE [RN:R07053]


entry: 1.13.12.1
sysname: L-arginine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
comment: A flavoprotein. Also acts on canavanine and homoarginine.
reaction: L-arginine + O2 = 4-guanidinobutanamide + CO2 + H2O [RN:R00559]
iubmb_reaction: R00559
name:
--- 
- arginine 2-monooxygenase
- arginine monooxygenase
- arginine decarboxylase
- arginine oxygenase (decarboxylating)
- arginine decarboxy-oxidase


entry: 1.13.12.4
sysname: (S)-lactate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
comment: A flavoprotein (FMN). Formerly EC 1.1.3.2.
reaction: (S)-lactate + O2 = acetate + CO2 + H2O [RN:R00319]
iubmb_reaction: R00319
name:
--- 
- lactate 2-monooxygenase
- lactate oxidative decarboxylase
- lactate oxidase
- lactic oxygenase
- lactate oxygenase
- lactic oxidase
- L-lactate monooxygenase
- lactate monooxygenase
- L-lactate-2-monooxygenase


entry: 1.13.12.5
sysname: Renilla-luciferin:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: Renilla luciferin + O2 = oxidized Renilla luciferin + CO2 + hn [RN:R03137]
iubmb_reaction: R03137
name:
--- 
- Renilla-luciferin 2-monooxygenase
- Renilla-type luciferase
- aequorin
- luciferase (Renilla luciferin)

comment:
From the soft coral coelenterate Renilla reniformis. The luciferin is bound to a luciferin-binding protein (BP-LH2). The bioluminescent reaction between the luciferin complex, luciferase and oxygen is triggered by calcium ions. In vivo, the excited state luciferin-luciferase complex undergoes the process of nonradiative energy transfer to an accessory protein, Renilla green fluorescent protein, which results in green bioluminescence. In vitro, Renilla luciferase emits blue light in the absence of any green fluorescent protein.


entry: 1.13.12.6
sysname: Cypridina-luciferin:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: Cypridina luciferin + O2 = oxidized Cypridina luciferin + CO2 + hn [RN:R04063]
iubmb_reaction: R04063
name:
--- 
- Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase
- Cypridina-type luciferase
- luciferase (Cypridina luciferin)
- Cypridina luciferase

comment:
Cypridina is a bioluminescent crustacea. The luciferins (and presumably the luciferases, since they cross-react) of some luminous fish (e.g. Apogon, Parapriacanthus, Porichthys) are apparently similar. The enzyme may be assayed by measurement of light emission.


entry: 1.13.12.7
sysname: Photinus-luciferin:oxygen 4-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, ATP-hydrolysing)
iubmb_reaction: R04036
name:
--- 
- Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolysing)
- firefly luciferase
- luciferase (firefly luciferin)
- Photinus luciferin 4-monooxygenase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolyzing)
- firefly luciferin luciferase
- Photinus pyralis luciferase

comment:
Photinus (firefly) is a bioluminescent insect. The first step in the reaction is the formation of an acid anhydride between the carboxylic group and AMP, with the release of diphosphate. The enzyme may be assayed by measurement of light emission.

reaction:
Photinus luciferin + O2 + ATP = oxidized Photinus luciferin + CO2 + AMP + diphosphate + hn [RN:R04036]


entry: 1.13.12.9
sysname: L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 = 2-phenylacetamide + CO2 + H2O [RN:R00690]
iubmb_reaction: R00690
name:
--- 
- phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase
- L-phenylalanine oxidase (deaminating and decarboxylating)
- phenylalanine (deaminating, decarboxylating)oxidase

comment:
The reaction shown above is about 80% of the reaction catalysed; the remaining 20% is: L-phenylalanine + O2 + H2O = 3-phenylpyruvic acid + ammonia + H2O2 a reaction similar to that of EC 1.4.3.2, L-amino-acid oxidase.


entry: 1.13.12.10
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: lysine 6-monooxygenase. reaction covered by EC 1.14.13.59, L-lysine 6-monooxygenase (NADPH) (EC 1.13.12.10 created 1989, modified 1999, deleted 2001)


entry: 1.13.12.11
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: methylphenyltetrahydropyridine N-monooxygenase. The activity is due to EC 1.14.13.8, flavin-containing monooxygenase. (EC 1.13.12.11 created 1992, deleted 2006)


entry: 1.13.12.12
name: --- - apo-beta-carotenoid-14',13'-dioxygenase
sysname: 8'-apo-beta-carotenol:O2 oxidoreductase
reaction: 8'-apo-beta-carotenol + O2 = 14'-apo-beta-carotenal + H2O [RN:R05319]
iubmb_reaction: R05319
comment:
A thiol-dependent enzyme. Unlike EC 1.14.99.36, beta-carotene-15,15'-monooxygenase, it is not active towards beta-carotene. Presumably 2-methyl-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienal is also formed in this reaction.


entry: 1.13.12.13
name: --- - Oplophorus-luciferin 2-monooxygenase - Oplophorus luciferase
sysname: Oplophorus-luciferin:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: Oplophorus luciferin + O2 = oxidized Oplophorus luciferin + CO2 + hn [RN:R07128]
iubmb_reaction: R07128
comment:
The luciferase from the deep sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilorostris is a complex composed of more than one protein. The enzyme's specificity is quite broad, with both coelenterazine and bisdeoxycoelenterazine being good substrates.


entry: 1.13.12.14
name: --- - chlorophyllide a oxygenase - cholorophyll-b synthase - CAO
sysname: chlorophyllide a:oxygen 7-oxidoreductase
comment:
Chlorophyll b is required for the assembly of stable light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) in the chloroplast of green algae, cyanobacteria and plants [2,3]. Contains a mononuclear iron centre [3]. The enzyme catalyses two successive hydroxylations at the 7-methyl group of chlorophyllide a. The second step yields the aldehyde hydrate, which loses H2O spontaneously to form chlorophyllide b [2]. Chlorophyll a and protochlorophyllide a are not substrates [2].

reaction:
(1) chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+; (2) 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+


entry: 1.13.12.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) NH3 + Oxygen <=> Hydroxylamine + H2O [RN:R00148]; (2) Homogentisate + Oxygen <=> Gentisate aldehyde + CO2 + H2O [RN:R02520]


entry: 1.13.99.2
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.12.10
comment:
Transferred entry: benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase - now EC 1.14.12.10 benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.99.2 created 1972, deleted 1992)


entry: 1.13.99.3
sysname: L-tryptophan:oxygen 2'-oxidoreductase (side-chain-cleaving)
reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = (indol-3-yl)glycolaldehyde + CO2 + NH3 [RN:R00681]
iubmb_reaction: R00681
name:
--- 
- tryptophan 2'-dioxygenase
- indole-3-alkane alpha-hydroxylase
- tryptophan side-chain alpha,beta-oxidase
- tryptophan side chain oxidase II
- tryptophan side-chain oxidase
- TSO
- indolyl-3-alkan alpha-hydroxylase
- tryptophan side chain oxidase type I
- TSO I
- TSO II
- tryptophan side chain oxidase

comment:
A hemoprotein. Acts on a number of indolyl-3-alkane derivatives, oxidizing the 3-side-chain in the 2'-position. Best substrates were L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan.


entry: 1.13.99.4
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.12.9
comment:
Transferred entry: 4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase - now EC 1.14.12.9 4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.99.4 created 1989, deleted 1992)


entry: 1.13.99.5
name: --- - Transferred to 1.13.11.47
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.13.11.47, 3,4-dihydroxyquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.99.5 created 1999, deleted 2001)


entry: 1.13.99.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Oxygen + H2O + 2 Sulfur <=> Hydrogen sulfide + Sulfite [RN:R00121]; (2) 2 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid + Oxygen <=> 2 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol + 2 Glyoxylate [RN:R05418]


entry: 1.13.-.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 4,4'-Dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + Oxygen <=> 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde + 4'-Hydroxyacetophenone [RN:R06886]; (2) 2,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + Oxygen <=> 4-Hydroxyphenacyl alcohol + 4-Hydroxybenzoate [RN:R06889]; (3) 1,2-Dihydroxy-8-methylnaphthalene + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate [RN:R06911]; (4) 1,2-Dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + Oxygen <=> 2-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene [RN:R06921]; (5) 1,2-Dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + Oxygen <=> 2-Hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate [RN:R06932]


entry: 1.14.11.1
sysname: 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate.
iubmb_reaction: R02397
kegg_reaction: R02399
name:
--- 
- gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase
- alpha-butyrobetaine hydroxylase
- gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase
- butyrobetaine hydroxylase

reaction:
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + succinate + CO2 [RN:R02397]


entry: 1.14.11.2
sysname: procollagen-L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate.
iubmb_reaction: R03219
kegg_reaction: R01252
name:
--- 
- procollagen-proline dioxygenase
- protocollagen hydroxylase
- proline hydroxylase
- proline,2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase
- collagen proline hydroxylase
- hydroxylase, collagen proline
- peptidyl proline hydroxylase
- proline protocollagen hydroxylase
- proline, 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase
- prolyl hydroxylase
- prolylprotocollagen dioxygenase
- prolylprotocollagen hydroxylase
- protocollagen proline 4-hydroxylase
- protocollagen proline dioxygenase
- protocollagen proline hydroxylase
- protocollagen prolyl hydroxylase
- prolyl 4-hydroxylase
- prolyl-glycyl-peptide, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, 4-hydroxylating

reaction:
procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2 [RN:R03219]


entry: 1.14.11.3
sysname: 2'-deoxyuridine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2'-hydroxylating)
reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = uridine + succinate + CO2 [RN:R01879]
iubmb_reaction: R01879
name:
--- 
- pyrimidine-deoxynucleoside 2'-dioxygenase
- deoxyuridine 2'-dioxygenase
- deoxyuridine 2'-hydroxylase
- pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside 2'-hydroxylase
- thymidine 2'-dioxygenase
- thymidine 2'-hydroxylase
- thymidine 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase
- thymidine dioxygenase

comment:
Requires Fe(II) and ascorbate. Also acts on thymidine. cf. EC 1.14.11.10, pyrimidine-deoxynucleoside 1'-dioxygenase.


entry: 1.14.11.4
sysname: procollagen-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate.
reaction: procollagen L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2
iubmb_reaction: (other) R03376
kegg_reaction: R03376
name:
--- 
- procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase
- lysine hydroxylase
- lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase
- protocollagen lysine dioxygenase
- collagen lysine hydroxylase
- lysine-2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase
- lysyl hydroxylase
- lysylprotocollagen dioxygenase
- protocollagen lysyl hydroxylase
- "peptidyl-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate: oxygen oxidoreductase"
- peptidyllysine, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase
- protocollagen lysine hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.11.5
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: 5-hydroxymethyluracil,2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase. Now included with EC 1.14.11.6 thymine dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.5 created 1972, deleted 1976)


entry: 1.14.11.6
sysname: thymine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (7-hydroxylating)
reaction: thymine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethyluracil + succinate + CO2 [RN:R01412]
iubmb_reaction: R01412
name:
--- 
- thymine dioxygenase
- thymine 7-hydroxylase
- 5-hydroxy-methyluracil dioxygenase
- 5-hydroxymethyluracil oxygenase

comment:
Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate. Also acts on 5-hydroxymethyluracil to oxidize its -CH2OH group first to -CHO and then to -COOH.


entry: 1.14.11.7
sysname: procollagen-L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate.
iubmb_reaction: R03218
name:
--- 
- procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase
- proline,2-oxoglutarate 3-dioxygenase
- prolyl 3-hydroxylase
- protocollagen proline 3-hydroxylase
- "prolyl-4-hydroxyprolyl-glycyl-peptide, 2-oxoglutarate: oxygen oxidoreductase, 3-hydroxylating"

reaction:
procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2 [RN:R03218]


entry: 1.14.11.8
sysname: N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate.
iubmb_reaction: R03451
name:
--- 
- trimethyllysine dioxygenase
- trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase
- TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase
- TML hydroxylase

reaction:
N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-hydroxy-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine + succinate + CO2 [RN:R03451]


entry: 1.14.11.9
sysname: flavanone,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate.
reaction: a flavanone + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a dihydroflavonol + succinate + CO2 [RN:R07329]
iubmb_reaction: R07329 > R02444 R03640 R05039
name:
--- 
- flavanone 3-dioxygenase
- naringenin 3-hydroxylase
- flavanone 3-hydroxylase
- flavanone 3beta-hydroxylase
- flavanone synthase I
- (2S)-flavanone 3-hydroxylase
- naringenin,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)


entry: 1.14.11.11
sysname: L-hyoscyamine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase ((6S)-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate.
reaction: L-hyoscyamine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (6S)-hydroxyhyoscyamine + succinate + CO2 [RN:R03812]
iubmb_reaction: R03812
name:
--- 
- hyoscyamine (6S)-dioxygenase
- hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase
- hyoscyamine 6beta-dioxygenase
- hyoscyamine 6-hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.11.12
sysname: (gibberellin-44),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
comment: Requires Fe2+.
reaction: gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 19 + succinate + CO2 [RN:R07184]
iubmb_reaction: R07184
kegg_reaction: R03806 R03807 R05097 R06322 R06323 R06326
name:
--- 
- gibberellin-44 dioxygenase
- oxygenase, gibberellin A44 oxidase
- (gibberellin-44), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase


entry: 1.14.11.15
sysname: (gibberellin-20),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3beta-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate.
reaction: gibberellin 20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 1 + succinate + CO2 [RN:R03009]
iubmb_reaction: R03009
kegg_reaction: R06336
name:
--- 
- gibberellin 3beta-dioxygenase
- gibberellin 3beta-hydroxylase
- "(gibberrellin-20),2-oxoglutarate: oxygen oxidoreductase (3beta-hydroxylating)"


entry: 1.14.11.16
sysname: peptide-L-aspartate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R04073
name:
--- 
- peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase
- aspartate beta-hydroxylase
- aspartylpeptide beta-dioxygenase

comment:
Requires Fe2+. Some vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, as well as synthetic peptides based on the structure of the first epidermal growth factor domain of human coagulation factor IX or X, can act as acceptors.

reaction:
peptide-L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptide-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate + succinate + CO2 [RN:R04073]


entry: 1.14.11.17
sysname: taurine, 2-oxoglutarate:O2 oxidoreductase (sulfite-forming)
reaction: taurine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2 [RN:R05320]
iubmb_reaction: R05320
name:
--- 
- taurine dioxygenase
- 2-aminoethanesulfonate dioxygenase
- alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent taurine dioxygenase

comment:
Requires Fe(II). The enzyme from Escherichia coli also acts on pentanesulfonate, 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonate and 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethanesulfonate, but at lower rates.


entry: 1.14.11.19
name: --- - leucocyanidin oxygenase - anthocyanidin synthase
sysname: leucocyanidin,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05723 R07366
kegg_reaction: R04276 R05036 R05037 R06540
comment:
The enzyme requires Fe(II) and ascorbate. It is involved in the pathway by which many flowering plants make anthocyanin (glycosylated anthocyandin) flower pigments. The intermediates are transformed into cis- and trans-dihydroquercetin [2], which the enzyme can also oxidize to quercetin. Acidification of the products gives anthocyanidin [1], which, however, may not be a natural precursor of the anthocyanins.

reaction:
leucocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis- and trans-dihydroquercetins + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O [RN:R05723 R07366]


entry: 1.14.11.20
sysname: deacetoxyvindoline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4beta-hydroxylating)
reaction: deacetoxyvindoline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = deacetylvindoline + succinate + CO2 [RN:R05857]
iubmb_reaction: R05857
name:
--- 
- deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase
- desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase
- desacetyoxyvindoline-17-hydroxylase
- D17H
- desacetoxyvindoline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4beta-hydroxylating)

comment:
Requires Fe2+ and ascorbate. Also acts on 3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine and to a lesser extent on 16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine.


entry: 1.14.11.21
name: --- - clavaminate synthase - clavaminate synthase 2 - clavaminic acid synthase
sysname: deoxyamidinoproclavaminate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R05466 R05468 R05469
comment:
Contains nonheme iron. Catalyses three separate oxidative reactions in the pathway for the biosythesis of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate in Streptomyces clavuligerus. The first step (hydroxylation) is separated from the latter two (oxidative cyclization and desaturation) by the action of EC 3.5.3.22, proclavaminate amidinohydrolase. The three reactions are all catalysed at the same nonheme iron site.

reaction:
(1) deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = amidinoproclavaminate + succinate + CO2 [RN:R05466]; (2) proclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydroclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + H2O [RN:R05468]; (3) dihydroclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = clavaminate + succinate + CO2 + H2O [RN:R05469]


entry: 1.14.11.23
name: --- - flavonol synthase - flavonoid 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase - FLS
sysname: dihydroflavonol,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: a dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O [RN:R07368]
iubmb_reaction: R07368 > R02160 R03126 R06539
comment:
In addition to the desaturation of (2R,3R)-dihydroflavonols to flavonols, the enzyme from the satsuma Citrus unshiu also has a non-specific activity that trans-hydroxylates the flavanones (2S)-naringenin and the unnatural (2R)-naringenin at C-3 to kaempferol and (2R,3R)-dihydrokaempferol, respectively [2]. Requires Fe2+.


entry: 1.14.11.24
name: --- - 2'-deoxymugineic-acid 2'-dioxygenase - IDS3
sysname: 2'-deoxymugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = mugineic acid + succinate + CO2 [RN:R07185]
iubmb_reaction: R07185
comment:
Requires iron(II). It is also likely that this enzyme can catalyse the hydroxylation of 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid to form 3-epihydroxymugineic acid.


entry: 1.14.11.25
name: --- - mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase - IDS2
sysname: mugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires iron(II).
iubmb_reaction: R07186 R07187
reaction:
(1) mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2 [RN:R07186]; (2) 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2 [RN:R07187]


entry: 1.14.11.26
sysname: deacetoxycephalosporin-C,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R05229
name:
--- 
- deacetoxycephalosporin-C hydroxylase
- deacetylcephalosporin C synthase
- 3'-methylcephem hydroxylase
- DACS
- DAOC hydroxylase
- deacetoxycephalosporin C hydroxylase

comment:
Requires iron(II). The enzyme can also use 3-exomethylenecephalosporin C as a substrate to form deacetoxycephalosporin C, although more slowly [2]. In Acremonium chrysogenum, the enzyme forms part of a bifunctional protein along with EC 1.14.20.1, deactoxycephalosporin-C synthase. It is a separate enzyme in Streptomyces clavuligerus.

reaction:
deacetoxycephalosporin C + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate + CO2 [RN:R05229]


entry: 1.14.11.27
sysname: protein-6-N,6-N-dimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
name:
--- 
- "[histone-H3]-lysine-36 demethylase"
- JHDM1A
- JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase 1A
- H3-K36-specific demethylase
- histone-lysine (H3-K36) demethylase
- histone demethylase

comment:
Requires iron(II). Of the seven potential methylation sites in histones H3 (K4, K9, K27, K36, K79) and H4 (K20, R3) from HeLa cells, the enzyme is specific for Lys-36. Lysine residues exist in three methylation states (mono-, di- and trimethylated). The enzyme preferentially demethylates the dimethyl form of Lys-36 (K36me2), which is its natural substrate, to form the monomethyl and unmethylated forms of Lys-36. It can also demethylate the monomethyl- but not the trimethyl form of Lys-36.

reaction:
(1) protein 6-N,6-N-dimethyl-L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 6-N-methyl-L-lysine + succinate + formaldehyde + CO2; (2) protein 6-N-methyl-L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein L-lysine + succinate + formaldehyde + CO2


entry: 1.14.11.28
name: --- - proline 3-hydroxylase - P-3-H
sysname: L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
reaction: L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2
comment:
Requires iron(II) for activity. Unlike the proline hydroxylases involved in collagen biosynthesis [EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) and EC 1.14.11.7 (procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase)], this enzyme does not require ascorbate for activity although it does increase the activity of the enzyme [2]. The enzyme is specific for L-proline as D-proline, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline and 3,4-dehydro-DL-proline are not substrates [2].


entry: 1.14.11.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Deacetylcephalosporin C + Succinate + CO2 <=> Deacetoxycephalosporin C + 2-Oxoglutarate + Oxygen [RN:R05229]; (2) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate + 2-Oxoglutarate + Oxygen <=> 2,4-Dichlorophenol + Glyoxylate + Succinate + CO2 + H2O [RN:R05419]; (3) Gibberellin A20 <=> Gibberellin A5 [RN:R06346]; (4) Gibberellin A5 <=> Gibberellin A3 [RN:R06347]; (5) Gibberellin A9 <=> 2,3-Dehydro-gibberellin A9 [RN:R06349]; (6) 2,3-Dehydro-gibberellin A9 <=> Gibberellin A7 [RN:R06350]


entry: 1.14.12.1
sysname: anthranilate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating, deaminating, decarboxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+.
reaction: anthranilate + NAD(P)H + 2 H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NAD(P)+ + NH3 [RN:R00823]
iubmb_reaction: R00823
kegg_reaction: R00825
name:
--- 
- anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxylating)
- anthranilate hydroxylase
- anthranilic hydroxylase
- anthranilic acid hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.12.2
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.13.35
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.13.35 anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (deaminating) (EC 1.14.12.2 created 1972, deleted 1990)


entry: 1.14.12.3
name: --- - benzene 1,2-dioxygenase - benzene hydroxylase - benzene dioxygenase
sysname: benzene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
reaction: benzene + NADH + H+ + O2 = cis-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+ [RN:R03543]
iubmb_reaction: R03543
comment:
A system, containing a reductase which is an iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FAD), an iron-sulfur oxygenase and ferredoxin. Requires Fe2+.


entry: 1.14.12.4
sysname: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
iubmb_reaction: R03385
kegg_reaction: R03386
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridinecarboxylate dioxygenase
- methylhydroxypyridinecarboxylate oxidase
- 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine 5-carboxylic acid dioxygenase
- methylhydroxypyridine carboxylate dioxygenase
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylpyridinecarboxylate dioxygenase [incorrect]

reaction:
3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate + NAD(P)+ [RN:R03385]


entry: 1.14.12.5
name: --- - 5-pyridoxate dioxygenase - 5-pyridoxate oxidase
sysname: 5-pyridoxate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: A flavoprotein.
iubmb_reaction: R04570
reaction:
3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate + NADP+ [RN:R04570]


entry: 1.14.12.6
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.13.66
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.13.66 2-hydroxycyclohexanone 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.12.6 created 1978, deleted 1999)


entry: 1.14.12.7
name: --- - phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase - PDO - phthalate dioxygenase
sysname: phthalate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4,5-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R03630
comment:
A system, containing a reductase which is an iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FMN), an iron-sulfur oxygenase, and no independent ferredoxin. Requires Fe2+.

reaction:
phthalate + NADH + H+ + O2 = cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1(6),2-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD+ [RN:R03630]


entry: 1.14.12.8
sysname: 4-sulfobenzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3,4-hydroxylating, sulfite-forming)
reaction: 4-sulfobenzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + sulfite + NAD+ [RN:R01636]
iubmb_reaction: R01636
name:
--- 
- 4-sulfobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase
- 4-sulfobenzoate dioxygenase
- 4-sulfobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase system

comment:
A system, containing a reductase which is an iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FMN), an iron-sulfur oxygenase, and no independent ferredoxin. Requires Fe2+.


entry: 1.14.12.9
name: --- - 4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase
sysname: 4-chlorophenylacetate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3,4-hydroxylating, dechlorinating)
reaction: 4-chlorophenylacetate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + chloride + NAD+ [RN:R03306]
iubmb_reaction: R03306
comment:
A system, containing a reductase and an iron-sulfur oxygenase, and no independent ferredoxin. Requires Fe2+. Also acts on 4-bromophenyl acetate.


entry: 1.14.12.10
sysname: benzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
reaction: benzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD+ [RN:R07188]
iubmb_reaction: R07188 > R05621
kegg_reaction: R00819 R05622
name:
--- 
- benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase
- benzoate hydroxylase
- benzoic hydroxylase
- benzoate dioxygenase
- benzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating, decarboxylating) [incorrect]

comment:
A system, containing a reductase which is an iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FAD), and an iron-sulfur oxygenase. Requires Fe2+.


entry: 1.14.12.11
name: --- - toluene dioxygenase - toluene 2,3-dioxygenase
sysname: toluene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
reaction: toluene + NADH + H+ + O2 = (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+ [RN:R03559]
iubmb_reaction: R03559
comment:
A system, containing a reductase which is an iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FAD), an iron-sulfur oxygenase, and a ferredoxin. Some other aromatic compounds, including ethylbenzene, 4-xylene and some halogenated toluenes, are converted into the corresponding cis-dihydrodiols.


entry: 1.14.12.12
name: --- - naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase - naphthalene dioxygenase - naphthalene oxygenase
sysname: naphthalene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
reaction: naphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+ [RN:R02968]
iubmb_reaction: R02968
kegg_reaction: R02967 R05422 R05423 R05424 R05425 R05426 R05427 R06909 R06930 R06937
comment:
A system, containing a reductase which is an iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FAD), an iron-sulfur oxygenase, and ferredoxin. Requires Fe2+.


entry: 1.14.12.15
sysname: benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating)
comment: has been shown to contain a Rieske [2Fe-2S] cluster
iubmb_reaction: R05148
name:
--- 
- terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase
- benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate 1,2-dioxygenase
- 1,4-dicarboxybenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase

reaction:
terephthalate + NADH + H+ + O2 = (1R,6S)-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+ [RN:R05148]


entry: 1.14.12.16
sysname: quinolin-2-ol,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5,6-hydroxylating)
reaction: quinolin-2-ol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dihydroquinoline + NAD+ [RN:R05157]
iubmb_reaction: R05157
name:
--- 
- 2-hydroxyquinoline 5,6-dioxygenase
- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline 5,6-dioxygenase
- quinolin-2-ol 5,6-dioxygenase
- quinolin-2(1H)-one 5,6-dioxygenase

comment:
3-Methylquinolin-2-ol, quinolin-8-ol and quinolin-2,8-diol are also substrates. Quinolin-2-ols exist largely as their quinolin-2(1H)-one tautomers


entry: 1.14.12.17
name: --- - nitric oxide dioxygenase
sysname: nitric oxide,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 nitric oxide + 2 O2 + NAD(P)H = 2 nitrate + NAD(P)+ + H+ [RN:R05724 R05725]
iubmb_reaction: R05724 R05725
comment:
A flavohemoglobin (FAD). It has been proposed that FAD functions as the electron carrier from NADPH to the ferric heme prosthetic group.


entry: 1.14.12.18
name: --- - biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase - biphenyl dioxygenase
sysname: biphenyl,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-hydroxylating)
reaction: biphenyl + NADH + H+ + O2 = (1S,2R)-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+ [RN:R05263]
iubmb_reaction: R05263
kegg_reaction: R05261 R05262 R05264
comment:
Requires Fe2+. The enzyme from Burkholderia fungorum LB400 (previously Pseudomonas sp.) is part of a multicomponent system composed of an NADH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (FAD cofactor), a [2Fe-2S] Rieske-type ferredoxin, and a terminal oxygenase that contains a [2Fe-2S] Rieske-type iron-sulfur cluster and a catalytic mononuclear nonheme iron centre. Chlorine-substituted biphenyls can also act as substrates. Similar to the three-component enzyme systems EC 1.14.12.3 (benzene 1,2-dioxygenase) and EC 1.14.12.11 (toluene dioxygenase).


entry: 1.14.12.19
sysname: 3-phenylpropanoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R06782
kegg_reaction: R06783
name:
--- 
- 3-phenylpropanoate dioxygenase
- HcaA1A2CD
- Hca dioxygenase
- 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase

comment:
This enzyme catalyses the insertion of both atoms of molecular oxygen into positions 2 and 3 of the phenyl ring of 3-phenylpropanoate. The product, 3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)propanoate, is then converted into 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate, by a dehydrogenase, with the concomitant regeneration of NADH. The enzyme also acts on (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate (cinnamate).

reaction:
3-phenylpropanoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)propanoate + NAD+ [RN:R06782]


entry: 1.14.12.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 4-Aminobenzenesulfonate + Oxygen + 2 H+ <=> 4-Sulfocatechol + NH3 [RN:R05279]; (2) 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate + NH3 <=> 4-Aminobenzoate + Oxygen + 2 H+ [RN:R05280]; (3) Toluate + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> cis-1,2-Dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD+ [RN:R05290]; (4) Toluate + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ <=> cis-1,2-Dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NADP+ [RN:R05291]; (5) Toluene-4-sulfonate + Oxygen + NADH <=> 4-Methylcatechol + HSO3- + NAD+ [RN:R05294]; (6) o-Toluate + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 1,2-Dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate + NAD+ [RN:R05428]; (7) 1,4-Dichlorobenzene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 3,6-Dichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+ [RN:R05429]; (8) 2 Indanone + Oxygen + 2 NADH + 2 H+ <=> 2 Dihydrocoumarin + 2 NAD+ [RN:R05430]; (9) 2 Indanone + Oxygen + 2 NADH + 2 H+ <=> 2 3-Hydroxy-1-indanone + 2 NAD+ [RN:R05431]; (10) 2 Indanone + Oxygen + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 2 Dihydrocoumarin + 2 NADP+ [RN:R05432]; (11) 2 Indanone + Oxygen + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 2 3-Hydroxy-1-indanone + 2 NADP+ [RN:R05433]; (12) Dibenzofuran + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 2,2',3-Trihydroxybiphenyl + NAD+ [RN:R05434]; (13) Fluoren-9-one + Oxygen + 2 NADH <=> 3,4-Dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-9-fluorenone + 2 NAD+ [RN:R05435]; (14) Fluoren-9-one + Oxygen + 2 NADPH <=> 3,4-Dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-9-fluorenone + 2 NADP+ [RN:R05436]; (15) 2 2-Indanone + Oxygen + 2 NADH + 2 H+ <=> 2 3-Isochromanone + 2 NAD+ [RN:R05437]; (16) 2 2-Indanone + Oxygen + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 2 3-Isochromanone + 2 NADP+ [RN:R05438]; (17) Dibenzo-p-dioxin + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 2,2',3-Trihydroxydiphenylether + NAD+ [RN:R05439]; (18) Ethylbenzene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> cis-1,2-Dihydro-3-ethylcatechol + NAD+ [RN:R05440]; (19) m-Methylbenzoate + NADH + Oxygen + H+ <=> 1,6-Dihydroxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate + NAD+ [RN:R05665]; (20) Phenylpropanoate + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> cis-3-(Carboxy-ethyl)-3,5-cyclo-hexadiene-1,2-diol + NAD+ [RN:R06782]; (21) trans-Cinnamate + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> cis-3-(3-Carboxyethenyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol + NAD+ [RN:R06783]; (22) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene + NADH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 3,4,6-Trichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+ [RN:R06831]; (23) Chlorobenzene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 3-Chloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+ [RN:R06856]; (24) 1-Naphthoic acid + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> cis-1,2-Dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene + NAD+ [RN:R06919]


entry: 1.14.13.1
sysname: salicylate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: salicylate + NADH + 2 H+ + O2 = catechol + NAD+ + H2O + CO2 [RN:R00818]
iubmb_reaction: R00818
kegg_reaction: R05632 R06915 R06936 R06939
name:
--- 
- salicylate 1-monooxygenase
- salicylate hydroxylase
- salicylate 1-hydroxylase
- salicylate monooxygenase
- salicylate hydroxylase (decarboxylating)


entry: 1.14.13.2
sysname: 4-hydroxybenzoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = protocatechuate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R01298]
iubmb_reaction: R01298
name:
--- 
- 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase
- p-hydroxybenzoate hydrolyase
- p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase
- 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxylase
- 4-hydroxybenzoate monooxygenase
- 4-hydroxybenzoic hydroxylase
- p-hydroxybenzoate-3-hydroxylase
- p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrolase
- p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydroxylase
- p-hydroxybenzoic hydroxylase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Most enzymes from Pseudomonas are highly specific for NADPH (cf. EC 1.14.13.33 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase [NAD(P)H]).


entry: 1.14.13.3
sysname: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
comment: A flavoprotein.
reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R02698]
iubmb_reaction: R02698
kegg_reaction: R03299
name:
--- 
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase
- p-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid-3-hydroxylase
- p-hydroxyphenylacetate hydroxylase
- 4 HPA 3-hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.13.4
sysname: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
iubmb_reaction: R03369
name:
--- 
- melilotate 3-monooxygenase
- 2-hydroxyphenylpropionate hydroxylase
- melilotate hydroxylase
- 2-hydroxyphenylpropionic hydroxylase
- melilotic hydroxylase

reaction:
3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R03369]


entry: 1.14.13.5
sysname: 4-imidazoleacetate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD). Formerly EC 1.14.1.5.
reaction: 4-imidazoleacetate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 5-hydroxy-4-imidazoleacetate + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R04066]
iubmb_reaction: R04066
name:
--- 
- imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase
- imidazoleacetic hydroxylase
- imidazoleacetate hydroxylase
- imidazoleacetic monooxygenase


entry: 1.14.13.8
sysname: N,N-dimethylaniline,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-oxide-forming)
reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03344]
iubmb_reaction: R03344
kegg_reaction: R04523
name:
--- 
- flavin-containing monooxygenase
- dimethylaniline oxidase
- dimethylaniline N-oxidase
- FAD-containing monooxygenase
- N,N-dimethylaniline monooxygenase
- DMA oxidase
- flavin mixed function oxidase
- Ziegler's enzyme
- mixed-function amine oxidase
- FMO
- FMO-I
- FMO-II
- FMO1
- FMO2
- FMO3
- FMO4
- FMO5
- flavin monooxygenase
- methylphenyltetrahydropyridine N-monooxygenase
- 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine:oxygen N-oxidoreductase
- dimethylaniline monooxygenase (N-oxide-forming)

comment:
A flavoprotein. A broad spectrum monooxygenase that accepts substrates as diverse as hydrazines, phosphines, boron-containing compounds, sulfides, selenides, iodide, as well as primary, secondary and tertiary amines [3,4]. This enzyme is distinct from other monooxygenases in that the enzyme forms a relatively stable hydroperoxy flavin intermediate [4,5]. This microsomal enzyme generally converts nucleophilic heteroatom-containing chemicals and drugs into harmless, readily excreted metabolites. For example, N-oxygenation is largely responsible for the detoxification of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) [2,6]


entry: 1.14.13.9
sysname: L-kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD). Formerly EC 1.14.1.2 and EC 1.99.1.5.
reaction: L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R01960]
iubmb_reaction: R01960
name:
--- 
- kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
- kynurenine 3-hydroxylase
- kynurenine hydroxylase
- L-kynurenine-3-hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.13.11
sysname: trans-cinnamate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
comment: NADH also acts, more slowly. Involves a heme-thiolate protein (P-450).
reaction: trans-cinnamate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxycinnamate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02253]
iubmb_reaction: R02253
name:
--- 
- trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase
- cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase
- oxygenase, cinnamate 4-mono-
- CA4H
- cytochrome P450 cinnamate 4-hydroxylase
- cinnamate 4-hydroxylase
- cinnamate 4-monooxygenase
- cinnamate hydroxylase
- cinnamic 4-hydroxylase
- cinnamic acid 4-monooxygenase
- cinnamic acid p-hydroxylase
- hydroxylase, cinnamate 4-
- t-cinnamic acid hydroxylase
- trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase
- trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.13.12
sysname: benzoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+ and tetrahydropteridine.
reaction: benzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R01295]
iubmb_reaction: R01295
name:
--- 
- benzoate 4-monooxygenase
- benzoic acid 4-hydroxylase
- benzoate 4-hydroxylase
- benzoic 4-hydroxylase
- benzoate-p-hydroxylase
- p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.13.13
sysname: calcidiol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating)
reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03610]
iubmb_reaction: R03610
name:
--- 
- calcidiol 1-monooxygenase
- 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 1-hydroxylase
- 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 1-monooxygenase
- 1-hydroxylase-25-hydroxyvitamin D3
- 25-hydroxy delta3-1alpha-hydroxylase
- 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 1alpha-hydroxylase
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.13.14
sysname: trans-cinnamate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
reaction: trans-cinnamate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxycinnamate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07189]
iubmb_reaction: R07189 > R02254
name:
--- 
- trans-cinnamate 2-monooxygenase
- cinnamic acid 2-hydroxylase
- cinnamate 2-monooxygenase
- cinnamic 2-hydroxylase
- cinnamate 2-hydroxylase
- trans-cinnamic acid 2-hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.13.15
sysname: 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (26-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R04807
kegg_reaction: R04806
name:
--- 
- cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase
- 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol 26-hydroxylase
- 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol hydroxylase
- cholestanetriol 26-hydroxylase
- sterol 27-hydroxylase
- sterol 26-hydroxylase
- cholesterol 27-hydroxylase
- CYP27A
- CYP27A1
- cytochrome P450 27A1'

comment:
Requires ferrodoxin. Acts on cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3beta,7alpha-diol, 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one, 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol as well as 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol. With cholesterol as well as 26-hydroxycholesterol, 24-hydroxy- and 25-hydroxycholesterol are also formed. With prolonged treatment, 26-hydroxycholesterol is converted into the corresponding 27-aldehyde and 27-oic acid.

reaction:
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (25R)-5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-tetraol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04807]


entry: 1.14.13.18
sysname: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating)
reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = homogentisate + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R02514 R02516]
iubmb_reaction: R02514 R02516
name:
--- 
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 1-monooxygenase
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 1-hydroxylase
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetic 1-hydroxylase
- 4-HPA 1-hydroxylase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Also acts on 4-hydroxyhydratropate (forming 2-methylhomogentisate) and on 4-hydroxyphenoxyacetate (forming hydroquinone and glycolate).


entry: 1.14.13.19
name: --- - taxifolin 8-monooxygenase - taxifolin hydroxylase
sysname: taxifolin,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (8-hydroxylating)
reaction: taxifolin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,3-dihydrogossypetin + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R03637 R03638]
iubmb_reaction: R03637 R03638
comment:
A flavoprotein, converting a flavanol into a flavanone. Also acts on fustin, but not on catechin, quercetin or mollisacidin.


entry: 1.14.13.20
sysname: 2,4-dichlorophenol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,5-dichlorocatechol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03997]
iubmb_reaction: R03997
kegg_reaction: R05441
name:
--- 
- 2,4-dichlorophenol 6-monooxygenase
- 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase
- 2,4-dichlorophenol monooxygenase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Also acts, more slowly, on 4-chlorophenol and 4-chloro-2-methylphenol; NADH can act instead of NADPH, but more slowly.


entry: 1.14.13.21
sysname: flavonoid,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
reaction: a flavonoid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03615]
iubmb_reaction: R03615 > R02442 R03124 R06537 R06538
name:
--- 
- flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase
- flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase
- flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (erroneous)
- NADPH:flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase
- flavonoid 3-monooxygenase (erroneous)

comment:
Acts on a number of flavonoids, including naringenin and dihydrokaempferol. Does not act on 4-coumarate or 4-coumaroyl-CoA.


entry: 1.14.13.22
sysname: cyclohexanone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (lactone-forming)
reaction: cyclohexanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hexano-6-lactone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02231]
iubmb_reaction: R02231
kegg_reaction: R06622
name:
--- 
- cyclohexanone monooxygenase
- cyclohexanone 1,2-monooxygenase
- cyclohexanone oxygenase
- cyclohexanone:NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating, 1,2-lactonizing)

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). In the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme, the nucleophilic species that attacks the carbonyl group is a peroxyflavin intermediate that is generated by reaction of the enzyme-bound flavin cofactor with NAD(P)H and oxygen [2]. This enzyme is able to catalyse a wide range of oxidative reactions, including enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger reactions [3], sulfoxidations [4], amine oxidations [5] and epoxidations [6].


entry: 1.14.13.23
name: --- - 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase - 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-hydroxylase
sysname: 3-hydroxybenzoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R01628]
iubmb_reaction: R01628
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Acts also on a number of analogues of 3-hydroxybenzoate substituted in the 2, 4, 5 and 6 positions. Formerly EC 1.14.99.13.


entry: 1.14.13.24
sysname: 3-hydroxybenzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R02589]
iubmb_reaction: R02589
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-monooxygenase
- 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase
- m-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase
- 3-hydroxybenzoic acid-6-hydroxylase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Acts also on a number of analogues of 3-hydroxybenzoate substituted in the 2, 4, 5 and 6 positions; NADPH can act instead of NADH, but more slowly.


entry: 1.14.13.25
name: --- - methane monooxygenase - methane hydroxylase
sysname: methane,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
reaction: methane + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = methanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R01142 R01143]
iubmb_reaction: R01142 R01143
kegg_reaction: R02823
comment:
Broad specificity; many alkanes can be hydroxylated, and alkenes are converted into the corresponding epoxides; CO is oxidized to CO2, ammonia is oxidized to hydroxylamine, and some aromatic compounds and cyclic alkanes can also be hydroxylated, but more slowly.


entry: 1.14.13.26
sysname: 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R03476
name:
--- 
- phosphatidylcholine 12-monooxygenase
- ricinoleic acid synthase
- oleate delta12-hydroxylase
- oleate delta12-monooxygenase

reaction:
1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1-acyl-2-[(S)-12-hydroxyoleoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R03476]


entry: 1.14.13.27
sysname: 4-aminobenzoate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)
reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + NAD(P)H + 2 H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxyaniline + NAD(P)+ + H2O + CO2 [RN:R02561 R02562]
iubmb_reaction: R02561 R02562
name:
--- 
- 4-aminobenzoate 1-monooxygenase
- 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase
- 4-aminobenzoate monooxygenase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Acts on anthranilate and 4-aminosalicylate but not on salicylate (cf. EC 1.14.13.1 salicylate 1-monooxygenase).


entry: 1.14.13.28
sysname: (6aR,11aR)-3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6a-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R03452
name:
--- 
- 3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6a-monooxygenase
- 3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6a-hydroxylase
- 3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6alpha-monooxygenase (erroneous)

comment:
Possibly a heme-thiolate protein (P-450). The product of the reaction is the biosynthetic precursor of the phytoalexin glyceollin in soybean.

reaction:
(6aR,11aR)-3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03452]


entry: 1.14.13.30
comment: A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Not identical with EC 1.14.13.34, leukotriene-E4 20-monooxygenase.
iubmb_reaction: R03866
name:
--- 
- leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase
- leukotriene-B4 20-hydroxylase
- leucotriene-B4 omega-hydroxylase
- LTB4 20-hydroxylase
- LTB4 omega-hydroxylase

sysname:
(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-(5S,12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate,N ADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating)

reaction:
(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-(5S,12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-(5S,12R)-5,12,20-trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14- tetraenoate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03866]


entry: 1.14.13.33
sysname: 4-hydroxybenzoate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R01296 R01298]
iubmb_reaction: R01296 R01298
name:
--- 
- 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase [NAD(P)H]
- 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
- 4-hydroxybenzoate-3-hydroxylase
- 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxylase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). The enzyme from Corynebacterium cyclohexanicum is highly specific for 4-hydroxybenzoate, but uses NADH and NADPH at approximately equal rates (cf. EC 1.14.13.2 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase). It is less specific for NADPH than EC 1.14.13.2.


entry: 1.14.13.34
name: --- - leukotriene-E4 20-monooxygenase - leukotriene-E4 omega-hydroxylase
iubmb_reaction: R04256
sysname:
(7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-(5S,6R)-6-(cystein-S-yl)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-te traenoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating)

comment:
Also acts on N-acetyl-leucotriene E4, but more slowly. Not identical with EC 1.14.13.30 leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase.

reaction:
(7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-(5S,6R)-6-(cystein-S-yl)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14- tetraenoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 20-hydroxyleukotriene E4 + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04256]


entry: 1.14.13.35
sysname: anthranilate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating, deaminating)
reaction: anthranilate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP+ + NH3 [RN:R00980]
iubmb_reaction: R00980
kegg_reaction: R00144 R00147
name:
--- 
- anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (deaminating)
- anthranilate hydroxylase
- anthranilate 2,3-dioxygenase (deaminating)
- anthranilate hydroxylase (deaminating)
- anthranilic hydroxylase
- anthranilate 2,3-hydroxylase (deaminating)

comment:
The enzyme from Aspergillus niger is an iron protein; that from the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum is a flavoprotein (FAD). Previously EC 1.14.12.2.


entry: 1.14.13.36
sysname: trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
comment: Also acts on trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)shikimate.
iubmb_reaction: R04342
name:
--- 
- 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate 3'-monooxygenase
- 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase
- coumaroylquinate(coumaroylshikimate) 3'-monooxygenase

reaction:
trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04342]


entry: 1.14.13.37
sysname: (S)-N-methylcanadine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14-hydroxylating)
comment: A heme-thiolate protein (P-450).
reaction: (S)-N-methylcanadine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = allocryptopine + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03842]
iubmb_reaction: R03842
kegg_reaction: R04700
name:
--- 
- methyltetrahydroprotoberberine 14-monooxygenase
- methyltetrahydroprotoberberine 14-hydroxylase
- (S)-cis-N-methyltetrahydroberberine 14-monooxygenase
- (S)-cis-N-methyltetrahydroprotoberberine-14-hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.13.39
sysname: L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (nitric-oxide-forming)
reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+ [RN:R00557]
iubmb_reaction: R00557
kegg_reaction: R00111 R00558
name:
--- 
- nitric-oxide synthase
- nitric oxide synthetase
- endothelium-derived relaxation factor-forming enzyme
- endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase
- NO synthase
- NADPH-diaphorase

comment:
The enzyme in brain, but not that induced in lung or liver by endotoxin, requires Ca2+. The stoichiometry is not clear, but may involve a two-electron and a one-electron oxidation step.


entry: 1.14.13.40
sysname: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (de-aromatizing)
iubmb_reaction: R03998 R03999
name:
--- 
- anthraniloyl-CoA monooxygenase
- anthraniloyl coenzyme A reductase
- 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA monooxygenase/reductase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). The non-aromatic product is unstable and releases CO2 and NH3, forming 1,4-cyclohexanedione.

reaction:
2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ + O2 = 2-amino-5-oxocyclohex-1-enecarboxyl-CoA + H2O + 2 NAD(P)+ [RN:R03998 R03999]


entry: 1.14.13.41
name: --- - tyrosine N-monooxygenase - tyrosine N-hydroxylase - CYP79A1
sysname: L-tyrosine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R00730 R04460 R07190
kegg_reaction: R01260
comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum, along with EC 1.14.13.68, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase and EC 2.4.1.85, cyanohydrin beta-glucosyltransferase. Some 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-nitroethane is formed as a side product.

reaction:
(1) L-tyrosine + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxy-L-tyrosine + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R00730]; (2) N-hydroxy-L-tyrosine + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N,N-dihydroxy-L-tyrosine + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04460]; (3) N,N-dihydroxy-L-tyrosine = (Z)-[4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime] + CO2 + H2O [RN:R07190]


entry: 1.14.13.42
sysname: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
comment: A heme-thiolate protein (P-450).
reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02708]
iubmb_reaction: R02708
name:
--- 
- hydroxyphenylacetonitrile 2-monooxygenase
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile monooxygenase
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.13.43
name: --- - questin monooxygenase - questin oxygenase
sysname: questin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, anthraquinone-ring-opening)
reaction: questin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = demethylsulochrin + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02417]
iubmb_reaction: R02417
comment:
The enzyme cleaves the anthraquinone ring of questin to form a benzophenone. Involved in the biosynthesis of the seco-anthraquinone (+)-geodin.


entry: 1.14.13.45
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.18.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.18.2 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase. (EC 1.14.13.45 created 1992, deleted 2003)


entry: 1.14.13.47
sysname: (S)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
reaction: (-)-(S)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (-)-trans-isopiperitenol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02469]
iubmb_reaction: R02469
name:
--- 
- (S)-limonene 3-monooxygenase
- (-)-limonene 3-hydroxylase
- (-)-limonene 3-monooxygenase
- (-)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

comment:
High specificity, but NADH can act instead of NADPH, although more slowly. A heme-thiolate protein (P-450).


entry: 1.14.13.48
sysname: (S)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
reaction: (-)-(S)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (-)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02468]
iubmb_reaction: R02468
name:
--- 
- (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase
- (-)-limonene 6-hydroxylase
- (-)-limonene 6-monooxygenase
- (-)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)

comment:
High specificity, but NADH can act instead of NADPH, but more slowly. A heme-thiolate protein (P-450).


entry: 1.14.13.49
sysname: (S)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7-hydroxylating)
reaction: (-)-(S)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (-)-perillyl alcohol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02470]
iubmb_reaction: R02470
name:
--- 
- (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase
- (-)-limonene 7-monooxygenase
- (-)-limonene hydroxylase
- (-)-limonene monooxygenase
- (-)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7-hydroxylating)

comment:
High specificity, but NADH can act instead of NADPH, although more slowly. A heme-thiolate protein (P-450).


entry: 1.14.13.50
sysname: pentachlorophenol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, dechlorinating)
iubmb_reaction: R03982 R07191
name:
--- 
- pentachlorophenol monooxygenase
- pentachlorophenol dechlorinase
- pentachlorophenol dehalogenase
- pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase
- PCP hydroxylase
- pentachlorophenol hydroxylase
- PcpB
- PCB 4-monooxygenase
- PCB4MO

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). The enzyme displaces a diverse range of substituents from the 4-position of polyhalogenated phenols but requires that a halogen substituent be present at the 2-position [2]. The enzyme converts many polyhalogenated phenols into hydroquinones, and requires that a halogen substituent be present at C-2 [2]. If C-4 carries a halogen substituent, reaction 1 is catalysed, e.g. 2,4,6-triiodophenol is oxidized to 2,6-diiodohydroquinone; if C-4 is unsubstituted, reaction 2 is catalysed.

reaction:
(1) pentachlorophenol + 2 NADPH + H+ + O2 = 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + 2 NADP+ + chloride + H2O [RN:R03982]; (2) 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07191]


entry: 1.14.13.51
name: --- - 6-oxocineole dehydrogenase - 6-oxocineole oxygenase
sysname: 6-oxocineole,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02995
comment:
The product undergoes non-enzymic cleavage and subsequent ring closure to form the lactone 4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)furan-2(3H)-one.

reaction:
6-oxocineole + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 1,6,6-trimethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02995]


entry: 1.14.13.52
name: --- - isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase - isoflavone 3'-monooxygenase
sysname: formononetin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
reaction: formononetin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calycosin + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03006]
iubmb_reaction: R03006
comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Also acts on biochanin A and other isoflavones with a 4'-methoxy group. Involved in the biosynthesis of the pterocarpin phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain.


entry: 1.14.13.53
sysname: formononetin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2'-hydroxylating)
reaction: formononetin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06560]
iubmb_reaction: R06560
kegg_reaction: R06561 R06606 R06607
name:
--- 
- 4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase
- isoflavone 2'-monooxygenase (ambiguous)
- isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase (ambiguous)

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Acts on isoflavones with a 4'-methoxy group, such as formononetin and biochanin A. Involved in the biosynthesis of the pterocarpin phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain. EC 1.14.13.89, isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase, is less specific and acts on other isoflavones as well as 4'-methoxyisoflavones.


entry: 1.14.13.54
iubmb_reaction: R07192 > R02210; R07193
name:
--- 
- ketosteroid monooxygenase
- steroid-ketone monooxygenase
- progesterone, NADPH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating, ester-producing)
- 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, NADPH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating, side-chain cleaving)
- androstenedione, NADPH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (17-hydroxylating, lactonizing)

sysname:
ketosteroid,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating, ester-producing/20-hydroxylating, side-chain cleaving/17-hydroxylating, lactonizing)

comment:
A single FAD-containing enzyme catalyses three types of monooxygenase (Baeyer-Villiger oxidation) reaction. The oxidative esterification of a number of derivatives of progesterone to produce the corresponding 17alpha-hydroxysteroid 17-acetate ester, such as testosterone acetate, is shown in Reaction (1). The oxidative lactonization of a number of derivatives of androstenedione to produce the 13,17-secoandrosteno-17,13alpha-lactone, such as testololactone, is shown in Reaction (2). The oxidative cleavage of the 17beta-side-chain of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to produce androstenedione and acetate is shown in Reaction (3). Reaction (1) is also catalysed by EC 1.14.99.4 (progesterone monooxygenase), and Reactions (2) and (3) correspond to that catalysed by EC 1.14.99.12 (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione monooxygenase). The possibility that a single enzyme is responsible for the reactions ascribed to EC 1.14.99.4 and EC 1.14.99.12 in other tissues cannot be excluded.

reaction:
(1) ketosteroid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = steroid ester/lactone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07192 R07193]; (2) progesterone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = testosterone acetate + NADP+ + H2O; (3) androstenedione + NADPH + H+ + O2 = testololactone + NADP+ + H2O; (4) 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = androstenedione + acetate + NADP+ + H2O


entry: 1.14.13.55
name: --- - protopine 6-monooxygenase - protopine 6-hydroxylase
sysname: protopine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
reaction: protopine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 6-hydroxyprotopine + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04699]
iubmb_reaction: R04699
comment:
a heme-thiolate protein (P-450) involved in benzophenanthridine alkaloid synthesis in higher plants.


entry: 1.14.13.58
name: --- - benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase - benzoyl-CoA 3-hydroxylase
sysname: benzoyl-CoA,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
reaction: benzoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02449]
iubmb_reaction: R02449
comment:
the enzyme from the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas KB740 catalyses a flavin-requiring reaction (FAD or FMN). Benzoate is not a substrate.


entry: 1.14.13.59
name: --- - L-lysine 6-monooxygenase (NADPH) - lysine N6-hydroxylase
sysname: L-lysine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
reaction: L-lysine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N6-hydroxy-L-lysine + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R00448]
iubmb_reaction: R00448
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). The enzyme from strain EN 222 of Escherichia coli is highly specific for L-lysine; L-ornithine and L-homolysine are, for example, not substrates.


entry: 1.14.13.60
name: --- - 27-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase - 27-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase
sysname: 27-hydroxycholesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating)
reaction: 27-hydroxycholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7alpha,27-dihydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R05160]
iubmb_reaction: R05160
comment:
a heme-thiolate protein (P-450). The enzyme from mammalian liver differs from cholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.17) in having no activity towards cholesterol.


entry: 1.14.13.63
name: --- - 3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase - 3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-monooxygenase
sysname: 3-hydroxyphenylacetate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R02515 R02517
comment:
3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase from Flavobacterium sp. is highly specific for 3-hydroxyphenylacetate and uses NADH and NADPH as electron donors with similar efficiency.

reaction:
3-hydroxyphenylacetate + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R02515 R02517]


entry: 1.14.13.64
name: --- - 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase - 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-monooxygenase
sysname: 4-hydroxybenzoate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)
reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)H + 2 H+ + O2 = hydroquinone + NAD(P)+ + H2O + CO2 [RN:R01297 R01299]
iubmb_reaction: R01297 R01299
comment:
requires FAD. The enzyme from Candida parapsilosis is specific for 4-hydroxybenzoate derivatives and prefers NADH to NADPH as electron donor.


entry: 1.14.13.68
sysname: (Z)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05728
name:
--- 
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase
- 4-hydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase
- cytochrome P450II-dependent monooxygenase
- NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CYP71E1)
- CYP71E1
- 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase

comment:
This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum, along with EC 1.14.13.41, tyrosine N-monooxygenase and EC 2.4.1.85, cyanohydrin beta-glucosyltransferase.

reaction:
(Z)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R05728]


entry: 1.14.13.69
name: --- - alkene monooxygenase - alkene epoxygenase
sysname: alkene,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: propene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-epoxypropane + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R07194]
iubmb_reaction: R07194 > R05729 R05730
kegg_reaction: R05444
comment:
The enzyme from Xanthobacter sp. strain Py2 is a multicomponent enzyme comprising (1) an NADH reductase, which provides the reductant for O2 activation; (2) a Rieske-type ferredoxin, which is an electron-transfer protein; (3) an oxygenase, which contains the catalytic centre for alkene epoxidation and (4) a small protein of unknown function that is essential for activity. Requires Fe(II). The enzyme oxygenates C2 to C6 aliphatic alkenes. With 1,2-epoxypropane as substrate, the stereospecifity of the epoxypropane formed is 95% (R) and 5% (S).


entry: 1.14.13.70
sysname: sterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14-methyl cleaving)
iubmb_reaction: R05731
kegg_reaction: R03690 R05640
name:
--- 
- sterol 14-demethylase
- obtusufoliol 14-demethylase
- lanosterol 14-demethylase
- lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase
- sterol 14alpha-demethylase

comment:
The heme-thiolate enzyme (P-450) catalyses successive hydroxylations of the 14alpha-methyl group and C-15, followed by elimination as formate leaving the 14(15) double bond. This enzyme acts on a range of steroids with a 14alpha-methyl group.

reaction:
obtusifoliol + 3 O2 + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-3beta-ol + formate + 3 NADP+ + 4 H2O [RN:R05731]


entry: 1.14.13.71
name: --- - N-methylcoclaurine 3'-monooxygenase - N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase
sysname: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine, NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
comment: A heme-thiolate protein (P-450) involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid synthesis in higher plants.
iubmb_reaction: R05732
reaction:
(S)-N-methylcoclaurine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (S)-3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R05732]


entry: 1.14.13.72
sysname: 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R04501 R05736 R05733 R05737 R05734 R05738
kegg_reaction: R04328 R04669 R07509
name:
--- 
- methylsterol monooxygenase
- methylsterol hydroxylase
- 4-methylsterol oxidase
- 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)

comment:
Requires cytochrome b5. Also acts on 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol. The sterol can be based on cycloartenol as well as lanosterol. Formerly EC 1.14.99.16.

reaction:
(1) 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 4beta-hydroxymethyl-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R04501 R05736]; (2) 4beta-hydroxymethyl-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O [RN:R05733 R05737]; (3) 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carbaldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R05734 R05738]


entry: 1.14.13.76
name: --- - taxane 10beta-hydroxylase
sysname: taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (10beta-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R06309
reaction:
taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate+ NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06309]


entry: 1.14.13.77
name: --- - taxane 13alpha-hydroxylase
sysname: taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (13alpha-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R06308
reaction:
taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06308]


entry: 1.14.13.78
name: --- - ent-kaurene oxidase
sysname: ent-kaur-16-ene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R06291 R06292 R06293
comment:
Requires cytochrome P450. Catalyses three sucessive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene giving kaurenoic acid.

reaction:
(1) ent-kaur-16-ene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06291]; (2) ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = ent-kaur-16-en-19-al + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R06292]; (3) ent-kaur-16-en-19-al + NADPH + O2 = ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06293]


entry: 1.14.13.79
name: --- - ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase
sysname: ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R06294 R06295 R06297
kegg_reaction: R06296
comment:
Requires cytochrome P450. Catalyses three sucessive oxidations of ent-kaurenoic acid. The second step includes a ring-B contraction giving the gibbane skeleton. In pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) ent-6alpha,7alpha-dihydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate is also formed.

reaction:
(1) ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06294]; (2) ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin A12 aldehyde + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R06295]; (3) gibberellin A12 aldehyde + NADPH + O2 = gibberellin A12 + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06297]


entry: 1.14.13.80
name: --- - (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase - (+)-limonene-6-hydroxylase - (+)-limonene 6-monooxygenase
sysname: (R)-limonene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating)
reaction: (+)-(R)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (+)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06119]
iubmb_reaction: R06119
comment:
The reaction is stereospecific with over 95% yield of (+)-trans-carveol from (R)-limonene. (S)-Limonene, the substrate for EC 1.14.13.48, (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase, is not a substrate. Forms part of the carvone biosynthesis pathway in Carum carvi (caraway) seeds.


entry: 1.14.13.81
sysname: magnesium-protoporphyrin-IX 13-monomethyl ester,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R06265 R06266 R06267
name:
--- 
- magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase
- Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase

comment:
Requires Fe(II) for activity. The cyclase activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is associated exclusively with the membranes, whereas that from cucumber cotyledons requires both membrane and soluble fractions for activity.

reaction:
(1) magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06265]; (2) 13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R06266]; (3) 13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 = divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R06267]


entry: 1.14.13.83
name: --- - precorrin-3B synthase - precorrin-3X synthase - CobG
sysname: precorrin-3A,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating)
reaction: precorrin-3A + NADH + H+ + O2 = precorrin-3B + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R05217]
iubmb_reaction: R05217
comment:
An iron-sulfur protein. An oxygen atom from dioxygen is incorporated into the macrocycle at C-20. In the aerobic cobalamin biosythesis pathway, four enzymes are involved in the conversion of precorrin-3A to precorrin-6A. The first of the four steps is carried out by EC 1.14.13.83, precorrin-3B synthase (CobG), yielding precorrin-3B as the product. This is followed by three methylation reactions, which introduce a methyl group at C-17 (CobJ; EC 2.1.1.131), C-11 (CobM; EC 2.1.1.133) and C-1 (CobF; EC 2.1.1.152) of the macrocycle, giving rise to precorrin-4, precorrin-5 and precorrin-6A, respectively.


entry: 1.14.13.84
name: --- - 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase - HAPMO
sysname: (4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (ester-forming)
reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate + NADP+ + H2O
comment:
Contains FAD. The enzyme from Pseudomonas fluorescens ACB catalyses the conversion of a wide range of acetophenone derivatives. Highest activity occurs with compounds bearing an electron-donating substituent at the para position of the aromatic ring [1]. In the absence of substrate, the enzyme can act as an NAD(P)H oxidase (EC 1.6.3.1).


entry: 1.14.13.85
name: --- - glyceollin synthase - dimethylallyl-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan cyclase
iubmb_reaction: R07356 > R07195 R07196; R07357 > R07197
sysname:
2-(or 4-)dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan,NADPH:oxyge n oxidoreductase (cyclizing)

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Glyceollins II and III are formed from 2-dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan whereas glyceollin I is formed from the 4-isomer.

reaction:
2-(or 4-)dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + NADPH + H+ + O2 = glyceollin + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R07356 R07357]


entry: 1.14.13.86
name: --- - 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase - 2-HIS
sysname: apigenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (isoflavanone-forming)
reaction: apigenin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrogenistein + 2 NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06792]
iubmb_reaction: R06792
comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). EC 4.2.1.105, 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase, acts on 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrogenistein with loss of water and formation of genistein. This may occur spontaneously.


entry: 1.14.13.87
name: --- - licodione synthase
sysname: liquiritigenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (licodione-forming)
reaction: liquiritigenin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = licodione + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07198]
iubmb_reaction: R07198
comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). It probably forms 2-hydroxyliquiritigenin which spontaneously forms licodione. NADH can act instead of NADPH, but more slowly.


entry: 1.14.13.88
name: --- - flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase - F3'5'H - F3',5'H
sysname: flavanone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R07369 > R02442 R03124; R07370 > R03639 R04902
kegg_reaction: R02443 R03125 R06557 R06559
comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). The 3',5'-dihydroxyflavanone is formed via the 3'-hydroxyflavanone. In Petunia hybrida the enzyme acts on naringenin, eriodictyol, dihydroquercetin (taxifolin) and dihydrokaempferol (aromadendrin). The enzyme catalyses the hydroxylation of 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone (naringenin) at either the 3' position to form eriodictyol or at both the 3' and 5' positions to form 5,7,3',4',5'-pentahydroxyflavanone (dihydrotricetin). The enzyme also catalyses the hydroxylation of 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavanone (taxifolin) at the 5' position, forming ampelopsin. NADH is not a good substitute for NADPH.

reaction:
(1) a flavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07369]; (2) a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3',5'-dihydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07370]


entry: 1.14.13.89
name: --- - isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase - isoflavone 2'-monooxygenase - CYP81E1 - CYP Ge-3
sysname: isoflavone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2'-hydroxylating)
reaction: an isoflavone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 2'-hydroxyisoflavone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07371]
iubmb_reaction: R07371
comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Acts on daidzein, formononetin and genistein. EC 1.14.13.53, 4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase, has the same reaction but is more specific as it requires a 4'-methoxyisoflavone.


entry: 1.14.13.90
name: --- - zeaxanthin epoxidase - Zea-epoxidase
sysname: zeaxanthin,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R06946 R07199 R06947 R07200
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD) that is active under conditions of low light. Along with EC 1.10.99.3, violaxanthin de-epoxidase, this enzyme forms part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle, which is involved in protecting the plant against damage by excess light. It will also epoxidize lutein in some higher-plant species.

reaction:
(1) zeaxanthin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = antheraxanthin + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R06946 R07199]; (2) antheraxanthin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = violaxanthin + NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R06947 R07200]


entry: 1.14.13.92
name: --- - phenylacetone monooxygenase - PAMO
sysname: phenylacetone,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: phenylacetone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = benzyl acetate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07201]
iubmb_reaction: R07201
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). NADH cannot replace NADPH as coenzyme. In addition to phenylacetone, which is the best substrate found to date, this Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase can oxidize other aromatic ketones [1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-one, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-one and 3-phenylbutan-2-one], some alipatic ketones (e.g. dodecan-2-one) and sulfides (e.g. 1-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)benzene).


entry: 1.14.13.93
name: --- - (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase - (+)-ABA 8'-hydroxylase - ABA 8'-hydroxylase
sysname: abscisate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (8'-hydroxylating)
reaction: (+)-abscisate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 8'-hydroxyabscisate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07202]
iubmb_reaction: R07202
comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Catalyses the first step in the oxidative degradation of abscisic acid and is considered to be the pivotal enzyme in controlling the rate of degradation of this plant hormone [1]. CO inhibits the reaction, but its effects can be reversed by the presence of blue light [1]. The 8'-hydroxyabscisate formed can be converted into (-)-phaseic acid, most probably spontaneously. Other enzymes involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway are EC 1.1.1.288 (xanthoxin dehydrogenase), EC 1.2.3.14 (abscisic aldehyde oxidase) and EC 1.13.11.51 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase).


entry: 1.14.13.94
sysname: lithocholate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6beta-hydroxylating)
reaction: lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 6beta-hydroxylithocholate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07203]
iubmb_reaction: R07203
name:
--- 
- lithocholate 6beta-hydroxylase
- lithocholate 6beta-monooxygenase
- CYP3A10
- 6beta-hydroxylase
- cytochrome P450 3A10/lithocholic acid 6beta-hydroxylase

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Expression of the gene for this enzyme is 50-fold higher in male compared to female hamsters [1].


entry: 1.14.13.95
sysname: 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12alpha-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R04826
name:
--- 
- 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one 12alpha-hydroxylase
- 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one 12alpha-monooxygenase
- CYP12
- sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase (ambiguous)
- HCO 12alpha-hydroxylase

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Requires EC 1.6.2.4, NADPH-hemoprotein reductase and cytochrome b5 for maximal activity. This enzyme is important in bile acid biosynthesis, being responsible for the balance between the formation of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid [2].

reaction:
7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04826]


entry: 1.14.13.96
sysname: 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12alpha-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R07204
name:
--- 
- 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol 12alpha-hydroxylase
- 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol 12alpha-monooxygenase
- sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase (ambiguous)
- CYP8B1
- cytochrome P450 8B1

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). This is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the bile acid cholic acid (3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid). The activity of this enzyme determines the biosynthetic ratio between cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid [3]. The enzyme can also hydroxylate the substrate at the 25 and 26 position, but to a lesser extent [1].

reaction:
5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07204]


entry: 1.14.13.97
sysname: taurochenodeoxycholate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6alpha-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R07205 R07206
name:
--- 
- taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase
- CYP3A4
- CYP4A21
- taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-monooxygenase

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Requires cytochrome b5 for maximal activity. Acts on taurochenodeoxycholate, taurodeoxycholate and less readily on lithocholate and chenodeoxycholate. In adult pig (Sus scrofa), hyocholic acid replaces cholic acid as a primary bile acid [5].

reaction:
(1) taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07205]; (2) lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07206]


entry: 1.14.13.98
sysname: cholesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (24-hydroxylating)
reaction: cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07207]
iubmb_reaction: R07207
name:
--- 
- cholesterol 24-hydroxylase
- cholesterol 24-monooxygenase
- CYP46
- CYP46A1
- cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase
- cytochrome P450 46A1

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). The enzyme can also produce 25-hydroxycholesterol. In addition, it can further hydroxylate the product to 24,25-dihydroxycholesterol and 24,27-dihydroxycholesterol [2]. This reaction is the first step in the enzymatic degradation of cholesterol in the brain as hydroxycholesterol can pass the blood-brain barrier whereas cholesterol cannot [3].


entry: 1.14.13.99
sysname: (24R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,24-diol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R07208
name:
--- 
- 24-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase
- 24-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase
- CYP39A1
- CYP39A1 oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450) that is found in liver microsomes and in ciliary non-pigmented epithelium [2]. The enzyme is specific for (24R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,24-diol as substrate.

reaction:
(24R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,24-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (24R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,24-triol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07208]


entry: 1.14.13.100
sysname: cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: (other) R07209 R07372
kegg_reaction: R07209 R07372
name:
--- 
- 25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase
- 25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase
- CYP7B1
- CYP7B1 oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Unlike EC 1.14.13.99, 24-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase, which is specific for its oxysterol substrate, this enzyme can also metabolize the oxysterols 24,25-epoxycholesterol, 22-hydroxycholesterol and 24-hydroxycholesterol, but to a lesser extent [2].

reaction:
(1) cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol + NADP+ + H2O; (2) cholest-5-ene-3beta,27-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,27-triol + NADP+ + H2O


entry: 1.14.13.101
name: --- - senecionine N-oxygenase - senecionine monooxygenase (N-oxide-forming) - SNO
sysname: senecionine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-oxide-forming)
reaction: senecionine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = senecionine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07373]
iubmb_reaction: R07373
comment:
A flavoprotein. NADH cannot replace NADPH. While pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the senecionine and monocrotaline types are generally good substrates (e.g. senecionine, retrorsine and monocrotaline), the enzyme does not use ester alkaloids lacking an hydroxy group at C-7 (e.g. supinine and phalaenopsine), 1,2-dihydro-alkaloids (e.g. sarracine) or unesterified necine bases (e.g. senkirkine) as substrates [1]. Senecionine N-oxide is used by insects as a chemical defense: senecionine N-oxide is non-toxic, but it is bioactivated to a toxic form by the action of cytochrome P-450 oxidase when absorbed by insectivores.


entry: 1.14.13.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 2 Hydantoin-5-propionate <=> Oxygen + 2 4-Imidazolone-5-propanoate [RN:R00069]; (2) Cholesterol + Oxygen + NADPH <=> Cholesterol-5alpha,6beta-epoxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R01452]; (3) Cholesterol + Oxygen + NADPH <=> Cholesterol-5beta,6beta-epoxide + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R01453]; (4) Estrone + H+ + Oxygen + NADH <=> 2-Hydroxyestrone + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R02354]; (5) Estrone + H+ + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 2-Hydroxyestrone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02355]; (6) Estrone + H+ + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 16alpha-Hydroxyestrone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R02356]; (7) Tyramine + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R02383]; (8) Estradiol-17beta + H+ + Oxygen + NADH <=> 2-Hydroxyestradiol-17beta + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R03088]; (9) Estradiol-17beta + H+ + Oxygen + NADPH <=> Estriol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03089]; (10) Estradiol-17beta + H+ + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 2-Hydroxyestradiol-17beta + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03090]; (11) Indolelactate + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 6-Hydroxyindolelactate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03811]; (12) beta-Carotene <=> Zeaxanthin [RN:R03825]; (13) (Z)-4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde-oxime + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 4-Hydroxymandelonitrile + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R04306]; (14) 5-Cholestene + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ <=> 5,6beta-Epoxy-5beta-cholestane + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04789]; (15) 5-Cholestene + NADPH <=> 5,6beta-Epoxy-5alpha-cholestane + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04790]; (16) 7alpha-Hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H+ + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 7alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04826]; (17) 2-Hexaprenylphenol + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 2-Hexaprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04980]; (18) 2-Hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + Oxygen <=> 2-Hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + H2O [RN:R04982]; (19) 2-Hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 2-Hexaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04984]; (20) 2-Octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 2-Octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R04989]; (21) 2-Hydroxyphenylacetate <=> 2,6-Dihydroxyphenylacetate [RN:R05001]; (22) p-Benzoquinone + Nitrite + NADP+ + H2O <=> 4-Nitrophenol + Oxygen + NADPH [RN:R05258]; (23) Toluene-4-sulfonate + Oxygen + NADH <=> 4-Sulfobenzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R05281]; (24) p-Xylene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 4-Methylbenzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R05288]; (25) o-Xylene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 2-Methylbenzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R05442]; (26) m-Xylene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 3-Methylbenzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R05443]; (27) 2,5-Dichlorohydroquinone + 2 NADH + Oxygen <=> 5-Chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene + 2 NAD+ + HO- + Cl- [RN:R05446]; (28) 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol + 2 NADH + Oxygen <=> 2,5-Dichlorohydroquinone + 2 NAD+ + HO- + Cl- [RN:R05447]; (29) 2,6-Dichlorophenol + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 2,6-Dichlorohydroquinone + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R05448]; (30) 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol + 2 NADH + Oxygen <=> 2,6-Dichlorohydroquinone + 2 NAD+ + HO- + Cl- [RN:R05449]; (31) 2-Hydroxyphenylacetate + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> Homogentisate + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R05450]; (32) Phenylacetic acid + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 2-Hydroxyphenylacetate + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R05487]; (33) Styrene + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ + FAD <=> Styrene oxide + NADP+ + FADH2 + H2O [RN:R05488]; (34) Trimethylamine + NADH + H+ + Oxygen <=> Trimethylamine N-oxide + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R05623]; (35) Phenanthracene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> Phenanthrene-9,10-oxide + H2O + NAD+ [RN:R05653]; (36) Phenanthracene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> Phenanthrene-1,2-oxide + H2O + NAD+ [RN:R05654]; (37) Phenanthracene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 1-Phenanthrol + H2O + NAD+ [RN:R05655]; (38) 2-Octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ <=> 2-Octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06146]; (39) (+)-Limonene + NADH + Oxygen <=> Limonene-1,2-epoxide + NAD+ + HO- [RN:R06398]; (40) (1S,4R)-1-Hydroxy-2-oxolimonene + NADPH + Oxygen <=> (3R)-3-Isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + NADP+ + HO- [RN:R06400]; (41) alpha-Pinene + NADH + H+ + Oxygen <=> alpha-Pinene-oxide + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R06406]; (42) Coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 5-Hydroxyconiferaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06572]; (43) Coniferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 5-Hydroxyconiferyl alcohol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06573]; (44) Tetracenomycin A2 <=> Tetracenomycin C [RN:R06704]; (45) 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propanoic acid + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 3-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H2O + NAD+ [RN:R06786]; (46) trans-3-Hydroxycinnamate + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> trans-2,3-Dihydroxycinnamate + H2O + NAD+ [RN:R06787]; (47) Bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 1,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R06883]; (48) Bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R06884]; (49) 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NADH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 2,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R06888]; (50) 4-Ethylphenol + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 1-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06890]; (51) 4'-Hydroxyacetophenone + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R06892]; (52) 1-Methylnaphthalene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> 1-Hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R06916]; (53) 2-Methylnaphthalene + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> (2-Naphthyl)methanol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R06926]; (54) 6-Oxocampestanol + Oxygen + NADPH <=> Cathasterone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07430]; (55) Ferulate + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 5-Hydroxyferulate + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07440]; (56) Campesterol + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 22alpha-Hydroxy-campesterol + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07445]; (57) Campest-4-en-3-one + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 22alpha-Hydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07452]; (58) 5alpha-Campestan-3-one + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 22alpha-Hydroxy-5alpha-campestan-3-one + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07453]; (59) Campestanol + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 6-Deoxocathasterone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07454]


entry: 1.14.14.1
sysname: substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidizing)
reaction: RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O [RN:R04122]
iubmb_reaction: R04122 > R03629 R04121
name:
--- 
- unspecific monooxygenase
- microsomal monooxygenase
- xenobiotic monooxygenase
- aryl-4-monooxygenase
- aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
- microsomal P-450
- flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase
- flavoprotein monooxygenase

comment:
A group of heme-thiolate proteins (P-450), acting on a wide range of substrates including many xenobiotics, steroids, fatty acids, vitamins and prostaglandins; reactions catalysed include hydroxylation, epoxidation, N-oxidation, sulfooxidation, N-, S- and O-dealkylations, desulfation, deamination, and reduction of azo, nitro and N-oxide groups. Together with EC 1.6.2.4 NADPH-hemoprotein reductase, it forms a system in which two reducing equivalents are supplied by NADPH. Formerly EC 1.14.1.1, EC 1.14.99.8 and EC 1.99.1.1. Some of the reactions attributed to EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) belong here.

kegg_reaction:
R01840 R02501 R05259 R07000 R07001 R07016 R07020 R07021 R07022 R07042 R07043 R07044 R07045 R07046 R07048 R07050 R07051 R07052 R07054 R07055 R07056 R07066 R07068 R07075 R07079 R07080 R07081 R07085 R07087 R07088 R07089 R07090 R07098 R07099 R07107 R07112


entry: 1.14.14.2
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: benzopyrene 3-monooxygenase. Now included with EC 1.14.14.1 unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.2 created 1972, deleted 1976)


entry: 1.14.14.3
sysname: alkanal,reduced-FMN:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, luminescing)
reaction: RCHO + reduced FMN + O2 = RCOOH + FMN + H2O + hn [RN:R03536]
iubmb_reaction: R03536
name:
--- 
- alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked)
- bacterial luciferase
- aldehyde monooxygenase
- luciferase
- Vibrio fischeri luciferase

comment:
The reaction sequence involves incorporation of a molecule of oxygen into reduced FMN, and subsequent reaction with the aldehyde to form an activated FMN.H2O complex, which breaks down with emission of light. The enzyme is highly specific for reduced FMN, and for long-chain aliphatic aldehydes with eight carbons or more.


entry: 1.14.14.4
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: choline monooxygenase. Identical to EC 1.14.15.7 (EC 1.14.14.4 created 2000, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.14.14.5
name: --- - alkanesulfonate monooxygenase - SsuD - sulfate starvation-induced protein 6
sysname: alkanesulfonate, reduced-FMN:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: an alkanesufonate (R-CH2-SO3H) + FMNH2 + O2 = an aldehyde (R-CHO) + FMN + sulfite + H2O [RN:R07210]
iubmb_reaction: R07210
comment:
The enzyme from Escherichia coli catalyses the desulfonation of a wide range of aliphatic sulfonates (unsubstituted C1- to C14-sulfonates as well as substituted C2-sulfonates). Does not desulfonate taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) or aromatic sulfonates. Does not use FMN as a bound cofactor. Instead, it uses reduced FMN (i.e., FMNH2) as a substrate. FMNH2 is provided by SsuE, the associated FMN reductase (EC 1.5.1.29).


entry: 1.14.15.1
sysname: (+)-camphor,reduced putidaredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R03818
name:
--- 
- camphor 5-monooxygenase
- camphor 5-exo-methylene hydroxylase
- 2-bornanone 5-exo-hydroxylase
- bornanone 5-exo-hydroxylase
- camphor 5-exo-hydroxylase
- camphor 5-exohydroxylase
- camphor hydroxylase
- d-camphor monooxygenase
- methylene hydroxylase
- methylene monooxygenase
- D-camphor-exo-hydroxylase
- camphor methylene hydroxylase

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Also acts on (-)-camphor and 1,2-campholide, forming 5-exo-hydroxy-1,2-campholide.

reaction:
(+)-camphor + putidaredoxin + O2 = (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor + oxidized putidaredoxin + H2O [RN:R03818]


entry: 1.14.15.2
sysname: (+)-camphor,reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-lactonizing)
comment: Requires Fe2+.
iubmb_reaction: R04102
name:
--- 
- camphor 1,2-monooxygenase
- 2,5-diketocamphane lactonizing enzyme
- camphor ketolactonase I
- oxygenase, camphor 1,2-mono
- ketolactonase I

reaction:
(+)-bornane-2,5-dione + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 5-oxo-1,2-campholide + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O [RN:R04102]


entry: 1.14.15.3
sysname: alkane,reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O [RN:R02879]
iubmb_reaction: R02879
kegg_reaction: R01347 R01348 R02281 R07041
name:
--- 
- alkane 1-monooxygenase
- alkane 1-hydroxylase
- omega-hydroxylase
- fatty acid omega-hydroxylase
- alkane monooxygenase
- 1-hydroxylase
- alkane hydroxylase

comment:
Some enzymes in this group are heme-thiolate proteins (P-450). Also hydroxylates fatty acids in the omega-position.


entry: 1.14.15.4
sysname: steroid,reduced-adrenal-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (11beta-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R02726 > R02218 R02725 R02843 R03329 R03851 R04850
name:
--- 
- steroid 11beta-monooxygenase
- steroid 11beta-hydroxylase
- steroid 11beta/18-hydroxylase
- oxygenase, steroid 11beta -mono-

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Also hydroxylates steroids at the 18-position, and converts 18-hydroxycorticosterone into aldosterone. Formerly EC 1.14.1.6 and EC 1.99.1.7.

reaction:
a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O [RN:R02726]


entry: 1.14.15.5
sysname: corticosterone,reduced-adrenal-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R03262
name:
--- 
- corticosterone 18-monooxygenase
- corticosterone 18-hydroxylase
- corticosterone methyl oxidase

reaction:
corticosterone + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = 18-hydroxycorticosterone + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O [RN:R03262]


entry: 1.14.15.6
sysname: cholesterol,reduced-adrenal-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (side-chain-cleaving)
iubmb_reaction: R02724
kegg_reaction: R01454 R02723 R03933 R04676 R04854 R04855
name:
--- 
- cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving)
- cholesterol desmolase
- cytochrome P-450scc
- desmolase, steroid 20-22
- C27-side chain cleavage enzyme
- cholesterol 20-22-desmolase
- cholesterol C20-22 desmolase
- cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
- cholesterol side-chain-cleaving enzyme
- enzymes, cholesterol side-chain-cleaving
- steroid 20-22 desmolase
- steroid 20-22-lyase

comment:
A heme-thiolate protein. The reaction proceeds in three stages, with hydroxylation at C-20 and C-22 preceding scission of the side-chain at C-20.

reaction:
cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O [RN:R02724]


entry: 1.14.15.7
name: --- - choline monooxygenase
sysname: choline,reduced-ferredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05739
kegg_reaction: R07409
comment:
The spinach enzyme, which is located in the chloroplast, contains a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster, and probably also a mononuclear Fe centre. Requires Mg2+. Catalyses the first step of glycine betaine synthesis. In many bacteria, plants and animals, betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine. Different enzymes are involved in the first reaction. In plants, the reaction is catalysed by this enzyme whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalysed by either membrane-bound choline dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.1) or soluble choline oxidase (EC 1.1.3.17) [7]. The enzyme involved in the second step, EC 1.2.1.8, betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria. In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156, glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.157, sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase.

reaction:
choline + O2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = betaine aldehyde hydrate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [RN:R05739]


entry: 1.14.15.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Benzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O <=> Toluene + Oxygen + NADH [RN:R02550]; (2) 4-Cresol + Oxidized ferredoxin + H2O <=> Ferredoxin + Toluene + Oxygen [RN:R03569]; (3) Calcidiol + Oxidized ferredoxin + H2O <=> Vitamin D3 + Reduced ferredoxin + Oxygen [RN:R03611]; (4) o-Xylene + Reduced rubredoxin + Oxygen <=> 2-Methylbenzyl alcohol + Oxidized rubredoxin + H2O [RN:R05489]; (5) p-Xylene + Reduced rubredoxin + Oxygen <=> 4-Methylbenzyl alcohol + Oxidized rubredoxin + H2O [RN:R05490]; (6) m-Xylene + Reduced rubredoxin + Oxygen <=> 3-Methylbenzyl alcohol + Oxidized rubredoxin + H2O [RN:R05491]; (7) 2 Atrazine + Oxygen <=> 2 Deisopropylatrazine + 2 Acetone [RN:R05564]; (8) 2 Atrazine + Oxygen <=> 2 Deethylatrazine + 2 Acetaldehyde [RN:R05565]; (9) 2 Deisopropylatrazine + Oxygen <=> 2 Deisopropyldeethylatrazine + 2 Acetaldehyde [RN:R05567]; (10) 2 Deethylatrazine + Oxygen <=> 2 Deisopropyldeethylatrazine + 2 Acetone [RN:R05568]; (11) Cyclohexane + Oxygen + NADH + H+ <=> Cyclohexanol + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R06945]


entry: 1.14.16.1
sysname: L-phenylalanine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
reaction: L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-tyrosine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin [RN:R07211]
iubmb_reaction: R07211
kegg_reaction: R01795
name:
--- 
- phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase
- phenylalaninase
- phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase
- phenylalanine hydroxylase

comment:
The active centre contains mononuclear iron(II). The reaction involves an arene oxide that rearranges to give the phenolic hydroxy group. This results in the hydrogen at C-4 migrating to C-3 and in part being retained. This process is known as the NIH-shift. The 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin formed can dehydrate to 6,7-dihydrobiopterin, both spontaneously and by the action of EC 4.2.1.96, 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase. The 6,7-dihydrobiopterin can be enzymically reduced back to tetrahydrobiopterin, by EC 1.5.1.34, 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase, or slowly rearranges into the more stable compound 7,8-dihydrobiopterin.


entry: 1.14.16.2
sysname: L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R07212
kegg_reaction: R01815
name:
--- 
- tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
- L-tyrosine hydroxylase
- tyrosine 3-hydroxylase
- tyrosine hydroxylase

comment:
The active centre contains mononuclear iron(II). The enzyme is activated by phosphorylation, catalysed by EC 2.7.1.128, [aceteyl-CoA caboxylase]kinase. The 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin formed can dehydrate to 6,7-dihydrobiopterin, both spontaneously and by the action of EC 4.2.1.96, 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase. The 6,7-dihydrobiopterin can be enzymically reduced back to tetrahydrobiopterin, by EC 1.5.1.34 (6,7-dihydropteridine reductase), or slowly rearranges into the more stable compound 7,8-dihydrobiopterin.

reaction:
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin [RN:R07212]


entry: 1.14.16.3
sysname: anthranilate,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+.
iubmb_reaction: R01816
name:
--- 
- anthranilate 3-monooxygenase
- anthranilate 3-hydroxylase
- anthranilate hydroxylase
- anthranilic hydroxylase
- anthranilic acid hydroxylase

reaction:
anthranilate + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + dihydrobiopterin + H2O [RN:R01816]


entry: 1.14.16.4
sysname: L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R07213
kegg_reaction: R01814
name:
--- 
- tryptophan 5-monooxygenase
- L-tryptophan hydroxylase
- indoleacetic acid-5-hydroxylase
- tryptophan 5-hydroxylase
- tryptophan hydroxylase

comment:
The active centre contains mononuclear iron(II). The enzyme is activated by phosphorylation, catalysed by a Ca2+-activated protein kinase. The 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin formed can dehydrate to 6,7-dihydrobiopterin, both spontaneously and by the action of EC 4.2.1.96, 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase. The 6,7-dihydrobiopterin can be enzymically reduced back to tetrahydrobiopterin, by EC 1.5.1.34 (6,7-dihydropteridine reductase), or slowly rearranges into the more stable compound 7,8-dihydrobiopterin.

reaction:
L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin [RN:R07213]


entry: 1.14.16.5
sysname: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04044
name:
--- 
- glyceryl-ether monooxygenase
- glyceryl-ether cleaving enzyme
- alkylglycerol monooxygenase
- glyceryl ether oxygenase
- glyceryl etherase
- O-alkylglycerol monooxygenase

comment:
Requires reduced glutathione and phospholipids for full activity. The product spontaneously breaks down to form a fatty aldehyde and glycerol. Formerly EC 1.14.99.17.

reaction:
1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 1-hydroxyalkyl-sn-glycerol + dihydrobiopterin + H2O [RN:R04044]


entry: 1.14.16.6
name: --- - mandelate 4-monooxygenase - L-mandelate 4-hydroxylase - mandelic acid 4-hydroxylase
sysname: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires Fe2+.
iubmb_reaction: R03794
reaction:
(S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + dihydrobiopterin + H2O [RN:R03794]


entry: 1.14.17.1
sysname: 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)
comment: A copper protein. Stimulated by fumarate. Formerly EC 1.14.2.1.
reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine + ascorbate + O2 = noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H2O [RN:R02535]
iubmb_reaction: R02535
name:
--- 
- dopamine beta-monooxygenase
- dopamine beta-hydroxylase
- MDBH (membrane-associated dopamine beta-monooxygenase)
- SDBH (soluble dopamine beta-monooxygenase)
- dopamine-B-hydroxylase
- oxygenase, dopamine beta-mono-
- 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine beta-oxidase
- 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol beta-oxidase
- dopa beta-hydroxylase
- dopamine beta-oxidase
- dopamine hydroxylase
- phenylamine beta-hydroxylase
- (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine)beta-mono-oxygenase


entry: 1.14.17.2
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: 4-coumarate 3-monooxygenase. Now included with EC 1.14.18.1 monophenol monooxygenase (EC 1.14.17.2 created 1972, deleted 1984)


entry: 1.14.17.3
sysname: peptidylglycine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
reaction: peptidylglycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O [RN:R03912]
iubmb_reaction: R03912
name:
--- 
- peptidylglycine monooxygenase
- peptidylglycine 2-hydroxylase
- peptidyl alpha-amidating enzyme
- peptide-alpha-amide synthetase
- synthase, peptide alpha-amide
- peptide alpha-amidating enzyme
- peptide alpha-amide synthase
- peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylase
- peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
- PAM-A
- PAM-B
- PAM

comment:
A copper protein. Peptidylglycines with a neutral amino acid residue in the penultimate position are the best substrates for the enzyme. The product is unstable and dismutates to glyoxylate and the corresponding desglycine peptide amide, a reaction catalysed by EC 4.3.2.5 peptidylamidoglycolate lyase. Involved in the final step of biosynthesis of alpha-melanotropin and related biologically active peptides.


entry: 1.14.17.4
name: --- - aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase - ACC oxidase - ethylene-forming enzyme
sysname: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxygenase (ethylene-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R07214
comment:
A nonheme iron enzyme. Requires CO2 for activity. In the enzyme from plants, the ethylene has signalling functions such as stimulation of fruit-ripening.

reaction:
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + ascorbate + O2 = ethylene + cyanide + dehydroascorbate + CO2 + 2 H2O [RN:R07214]


entry: 1.14.18.1
sysname: monophenol,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: L-tyrosine + L-dopa + O2 = L-dopa + dopaquinone + H2O [RN:R02078]
iubmb_reaction: R02078
kegg_reaction: R00731 R02363 R02383 R02950 R03674 R04693 R04884
name:
--- 
- monophenol monooxygenase
- tyrosinase
- phenolase
- monophenol oxidase
- cresolase
- catechol oxidase
- polyphenolase
- pyrocatechol oxidase
- dopa oxidase
- chlorogenic oxidase
- catecholase
- polyphenol oxidase
- monophenolase
- o-diphenol oxidase
- chlorogenic acid oxidase
- diphenol oxidase
- o-diphenolase
- tyrosine-dopa oxidase
- o-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase
- polyaromatic oxidase
- monophenol monooxidase
- o-diphenol oxidoreductase
- monophenol dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase
- N-acetyl-6-hydroxytryptophan oxidase
- monophenol, dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine oxygen oxidoreductase
- o-diphenol:O2 oxidoreductase
- phenol oxidase

comment:
A group of copper proteins that also catalyse the reaction of EC 1.10.3.1 catechol oxidase, if only 1,2-benzenediols are available as substrate.


entry: 1.14.18.2
sysname: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate,ferrocytochrome-b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-acetyl-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R01115
kegg_reaction: R01803
name:
--- 
- CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase
- CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase
- CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase
- cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminate monooxygenase
- N-acetylneuraminic monooxygenase
- cytidine-5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase

comment:
This enzyme contains both a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster and a second iron site. The ferricytochrome b5 produced is reduced by NADH and cytochrome-b5 reductase (EC 1.6.2.2). The enzyme can be activated by Fe2+ or Fe3+.

reaction:
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O [RN:R01115]


entry: 1.14.19.1
sysname: stearoyl-CoA,ferrocytochrome-b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (9,10-dehydrogenating)
iubmb_reaction: R02222
name:
--- 
- stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase
- delta9-desaturase
- acyl-CoA desaturase
- fatty acid desaturase
- stearoyl-CoA, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase

comment:
An iron protein. The rat liver enzyme is an enzyme system involving cytochrome b5 and EC 1.6.2.2, cytochrome-b5 reductase. The ferricytochrome b5 produced is reduced by NADH and cytochrome-b5 reductase (EC 1.6.2.2).

reaction:
stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O [RN:R02222]


entry: 1.14.19.2
sysname: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein], hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03370
name:
--- 
- acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase
- stearyl acyl carrier protein desaturase
- stearyl-ACP desaturase

comment:
The enzyme from safflower is specific for stearoyl-CoA; that from Euglena acts on derivatives of a number of long-chain fatty acids. Requires ferredoxin. Formerly EC 1.14.99.6.

reaction:
stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + 2 H2O [RN:R03370]


entry: 1.14.19.3
sysname: linoleoyl-CoA,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: linoleoyl-CoA + AH2 + O2 = gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + A + 2 H2O [RN:R03814]
iubmb_reaction: R03814
kegg_reaction: R07063
name:
--- 
- linoleoyl-CoA desaturase
- delta6-desaturase
- delta6-fatty acyl-CoA desaturase
- delta6-acyl CoA desaturase
- fatty acid delta6-desaturase
- fatty acid 6-desaturase
- linoleate desaturase
- linoleic desaturase
- linoleic acid desaturase
- linoleoyl CoA desaturase
- linoleoyl-coenzyme A desaturase
- long-chain fatty acid delta6-desaturase

comment:
An iron protein. The rat liver enzyme is an enzyme system involving cytochrome b5 and EC 1.6.2.2, cytochrome- b5 reductase. Formerly EC 1.14.99.25.


entry: 1.14.21.1
name: --- - (S)-stylopine synthase - (S)-cheilanthifoline oxidase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming)
sysname: (S)-cheilanthifoline,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming)
reaction: (S)-cheilanthifoline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (S)-stylopine + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R04690]
iubmb_reaction: R04690
comment:
A heme-thiolate enzyme (P-450) catalysing an oxidative reaction that does not incorporate oxygen into the product. Forms the second methylenedioxy bridge of the protoberberine alkaloid stylopine from oxidative ring closure of adjacent phenolic and methoxy groups of cheilanthifoline.


entry: 1.14.21.2
name: --- - (S)-cheilanthifoline synthase - (S)-scoulerine oxidase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming)
sysname: (S)-scoulerine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming)
reaction: (S)-scoulerine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (S)-cheilanthifoline + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R03834]
iubmb_reaction: R03834
comment:
A heme-thiolate enzyme (P-450) catalysing an oxidative reaction that does not incorporate oxygen into the product. Forms the methylenedioxy bridge of the protoberberine alkaloid cheilanthifoline from oxidative ring closure of adjacent phenolic and methoxy groups of scoulerine.


entry: 1.14.21.3
name: --- - berbamunine synthase - (S)-N-methylcoclaurine oxidase (C-O phenol-coupling)
sysname: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (C-O phenol-coupling)
iubmb_reaction: R04694
kegg_reaction: R05210 R05215
comment:
A heme-thiolate enzyme (P-450). Forms the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid berbamunine by phenol oxidation of N-methylcoclaurine without the incorporation of oxygen into the product. Reaction of two molecules of (R)-N-methylcoclaurine gives the dimer guattagaumerine.

reaction:
(S)-N-methylcoclaurine + (R)-N-methylcoclaurine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = berbamunine + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R04694]


entry: 1.14.21.4
name: --- - salutaridine synthase - (R)-reticuline oxidase (C-C phenol-coupling)
sysname: (R)-reticuline,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (C-C phenol-coupling)
reaction: (R)-reticuline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = salutaridine + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R04696]
iubmb_reaction: R04696
comment:
A heme-thiolate enzyme (P-450). Forms the morphinan alkaloid salutaridine by intramolecular phenol oxidation of reticuline without the incorporation of oxygen into the product.


entry: 1.14.21.5
sysname: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming)
reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (S)-canadine + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R04400]
iubmb_reaction: R04400
name:
--- 
- (S)-canadine synthase
- (S)-tetrahydroberberine synthase
- (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine oxidase (methylenedioxy-bridge-forming)

comment:
A heme-thiolate enzyme (P-450) catalysing an oxidative reaction that does not incorporate oxygen into the product. Oxidation of the methoxyphenol group of the alkaloid tetrahydrocolumbamine results in the formation of the methylenedioxy bridge of canadine.


entry: 1.14.21.6
sysname: 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol, NAD(P)H:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03310 R07215
name:
--- 
- lathosterol oxidase
- delta7-sterol delta5-dehydrogenase
- delta7-sterol 5-desaturase
- delta7-sterol-C5(6)-desaturase
- 5-DES

comment:
This enzyme catalyses the introduction of a C5 double bond into the B ring of delta7-sterols to yield the corresponding delta5,7-sterols in mammals, yeast and plants [4]. Forms part of the plant sterol biosynthesis pathway.

reaction:
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O [RN:R03310 R07215]


entry: 1.14.99.1
sysname: (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase
comment: This enzyme acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase.
reaction: arachidonate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O [RN:R01599]
iubmb_reaction: R01599
kegg_reaction: R00073 R01590
name:
--- 
- prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase
- prostaglandin synthase
- prostaglandin G/H synthase
- (PG)H synthase
- PG synthetase
- prostaglandin synthetase
- fatty acid cyclooxygenase
- prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase


entry: 1.14.99.2
sysname: kynurenate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
comment: Formerly EC 1.14.1.4.
reaction: kynurenate + AH2 + O2 = 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + A [RN:R03441]
iubmb_reaction: R03441 > R03439 R03440
name:
--- 
- kynurenine 7,8-hydroxylase
- kynurenic acid hydroxylase
- kynurenic hydroxylase
- kynurenate 7,8-hydroxylase


entry: 1.14.99.3
sysname: heme,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (alpha-methene-oxidizing, hydroxylating)
reaction: heme + 3 AH2 + 3 O2 = biliverdin + Fe2+ + CO + 3 A + 3 H2O [RN:R00311]
iubmb_reaction: R00311
kegg_reaction: R03683
name:
--- 
- heme oxygenase
- ORP33 proteins
- haem oxygenase
- heme oxygenase (decyclizing)
- heme oxidase
- haem oxidase

comment:
Requires NAD(P)H and EC 1.6.2.4, NADPH-hemoprotein reductase. The terminal oxygen atoms that are incorporated into the carbonyl groups of pyrrole rings A and B of biliverdin are derived from two separate oxygen molecules [4]. The third oxygen molecule provides the oxygen atom that converts the alpha-carbon to CO. The central iron is kept in the reduced state by NAD(P)H.


entry: 1.14.99.4
name: --- - progesterone monooxygenase - progesterone hydroxylase
sysname: progesterone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
reaction: progesterone + AH2 + O2 = testosterone acetate + A + H2O [RN:R02212]
iubmb_reaction: R02212
comment:
Has a wide specificity. A single enzyme from ascomycete the Neonectria radicicola (EC 1.14.13.54 ketosteroid monooxygenase) catalyses both this reaction and that catalysed by EC 1.14.99.12 androst-4-ene-3,17-dione monooxygenase.


entry: 1.14.99.5
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.19.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.19.1, stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase (EC 1.14.99.5 created 1972, modified 1986, modified 2000, deleted 2000)


entry: 1.14.99.6
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.19.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.19.2, acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase (EC 1.14.99.6 created 1972, modified 2000, deleted 2000)


entry: 1.14.99.7
sysname: squalene,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-epoxidizing)
reaction: squalene + AH2 + O2 = (S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide + A + H2O [RN:R02873]
iubmb_reaction: R02873 > R02874
name:
--- 
- squalene monooxygenase
- squalene epoxidase
- squalene-2,3-epoxide cyclase
- squalene 2,3-oxidocyclase
- squalene hydroxylase
- squalene oxydocyclase
- squalene-2,3-epoxidase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). This enzyme, together with EC 5.4.99.7 lanosterol synthase, was formerly known as squalene oxidocyclase.


entry: 1.14.99.8
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: arene monooxygenase (epoxidizing). Now included with EC 1.14.14.1 unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.8 created 1972, deleted 1984)


entry: 1.14.99.9
sysname: steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (17alpha-hydroxylating)
comment: Requires NAD(P)H and P-450. Formerly EC 1.14.1.7 and EC 1.99.1.9.
reaction: a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 17alpha-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O [RN:R02131]
iubmb_reaction: R02131 > R02211 R03783 R04852 R04853
name:
--- 
- steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase
- steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase
- cytochrome P-45017alpha
- cytochrome P-450 (P-45017alpha,lyase)
- 17alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20 lyase


entry: 1.14.99.10
name: --- - steroid 21-monooxygenase - steroid 21-hydroxylase - 21-hydroxylase
sysname: steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating)
reaction: a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 21-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O [RN:R02130]
iubmb_reaction: R02130 > R02213 R02838 R03326 R03784 R03849 R04675
comment:
An enzyme system involving a heme-thiolate protein (P-450) and flavoprotein. Formerly EC 1.14.1.8 and EC 1.99.1.11.


entry: 1.14.99.12
sysname: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione-hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (13-hydroxylating, lactonizing)
iubmb_reaction: R01833
name:
--- 
- androst-4-ene-3,17-dione monooxygenase
- androstene-3,17-dione hydroxylase
- androst-4-ene-3,17-dione 17-oxidoreductase
- androst-4-ene-3,17-dione hydroxylase
- androstenedione monooxygenase
- 4-androstene-3,17-dione monooxygenase

comment:
Has a wide specificity. A single enzyme from the ascomycete Neonectria radicicola (EC 1.14.13.54 ketosteroid monooxygenase) catalyses both this reaction and that catalysed by EC 1.4.99.4 aralkylamine dehydrogenase.

reaction:
androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + AH2 + O2 = 3-oxo-13,17-secoandrost-4-ene-17,13alpha-lactone + A + H2O [RN:R01833]


entry: 1.14.99.13
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.13.23
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.13.23 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.13 created 1972, deleted 1984)


entry: 1.14.99.15
sysname: 4-methoxybenzoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (O-demethylating)
reaction: 4-methoxybenzoate + AH2 + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + formaldehyde + A + H2O [RN:R01306]
iubmb_reaction: R01306
name:
--- 
- 4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase (O-demethylating)
- 4-methoxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (O-demethylating)
- 4-methoxybenzoate O-demethylase
- p-anisic O-demethylase
- piperonylate-4-O-demethylase

comment:
The bacterial enzyme consists of a ferredoxin-type protein and an iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FMN). Also acts on 4-ethoxybenzoate, N-methyl-4-aminobenzoate and toluate. The fungal enzyme acts best on veratrate.


entry: 1.14.99.16
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: methylsterol monooxygenase, transferred to EC 1.14.13.72 (EC 1.14.99.16 created 1972, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.14.99.17
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.16.5
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.16.5 glyceryl-ether monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.17 created 1972, deleted 1976)


entry: 1.14.99.18
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase. (EC 1.14.99.18 created 1976, modified 1999, deleted 2003)


entry: 1.14.99.19
sysname: O-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,hydrogen-donor:oxy gen oxidoreductase
comment: Requires NADPH or NADH. May involve cytochrome b5. Requires Mg2+ and ATP.
iubmb_reaction: R04571
name:
--- 
- plasmanylethanolamine desaturase
- alkylacylglycerophosphoethanolamine desaturase
- alkylacylglycero-phosphorylethanolamine dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, alkyl-acylglycerophosphorylethanolamine
- 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine desaturase
- 1-O-alkyl 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine desaturase

reaction:
O-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 + O2 = O-1-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + 2 H2O [RN:R04571]


entry: 1.14.99.20
sysname: phylloquinone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-epoxidizing)
reaction: phylloquinone + AH2 + O2 = 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + A + H2O [RN:R03510]
iubmb_reaction: R03510
name:
--- 
- phylloquinone monooxygenase (2,3-epoxidizing)
- phylloquinone epoxidase
- vitamin K 2,3-epoxidase
- vitamin K epoxidase
- vitamin K1 epoxidase


entry: 1.14.99.21
sysname: Latia-luciferin,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
reaction: Latia luciferin + AH2 + 2 O2 = oxidized Latia luciferin + CO2 + formate + A + H2O + hn [RN:R03907]
iubmb_reaction: R03907
name:
--- 
- Latia-luciferin monooxygenase (demethylating)
- luciferase (Latia luciferin)
- Latia luciferin monooxygenase (demethylating)

comment:
A flavoprotein. Latia is a bioluminescent mollusc. The reaction possibly involves two enzymes, an oxygenase followed by a monooxygenase for the actual light-emitting step.


entry: 1.14.99.22
name: --- - ecdysone 20-monooxygenase - alpha-ecdysone C-20 hydroxylase - ecdysone 20-hydroxylase
sysname: Ecdysone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating)
reaction: ecdysone + AH2 + O2 = 20-hydroxyecdysone + A + H2O [RN:R02374]
iubmb_reaction: R02374
comment:
An enzyme from insect fat body or malpighian tubules involving a heme-thiolate protein (P-450). NADPH can act as ultimate hydrogen donor.


entry: 1.14.99.24
name: --- - steroid 9alpha-monooxygenase - steroid 9alpha-hydroxylase
sysname: steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (9-epoxidizing)
comment: An enzyme system involving a flavoprotein (FMN) and two iron-sulfur proteins.
iubmb_reaction: R04392
reaction:
pregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione + AH2 + O2 = 9,11alpha-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione + A + H2O [RN:R04392]


entry: 1.14.99.25
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.19.3
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.19.3, linoleoyl-CoA desaturase (EC 1.14.99.25 created 1986, deleted 2000)


entry: 1.14.99.26
name: --- - 2-hydroxypyridine 5-monooxygenase - 2-hydroxypyridine oxygenase
sysname: 2-hydroxypyridine,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)
reaction: 2-hydroxypyridine + AH2 + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + A + H2O [RN:R03206]
iubmb_reaction: R03206
comment:
Also oxidizes 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, but does not act on 3-hydroxypyridine, 4-hydroxypyridine or 2,6-dihydroxypyridine.


entry: 1.14.99.27
sysname: 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
reaction: 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + AH2 + O2 = 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + A + H2O [RN:R04327]
iubmb_reaction: R04327
name:
--- 
- juglone 3-monooxygenase
- juglone hydroxylase
- naphthoquinone hydroxylase
- naphthoquinone-hydroxylase

comment:
Also acts on 1,4-naphthoquinone, naphthazarin and 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, but not on other related compounds.


entry: 1.14.99.28
name: --- - linalool 8-monooxygenase
sysname: 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (8-hydroxylating)
comment: A heme-thiolate protein (P-450).
iubmb_reaction: R04366
reaction:
3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol + AH2 + O2 = (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3,8-diol + A + H2O [RN:R04366]


entry: 1.14.99.29
name: --- - deoxyhypusine monooxygenase - deoxyhypusine hydroxylase - deoxyhypusine dioxygenase
sysname: deoxyhypusine,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R04437
comment:
The enzyme catalyses the final step in the formation of the amino acid hypusine in the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A.

reaction:
protein N6-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine + AH2 + O2 = protein N6-[(R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl]-L-lysine + A + H2O [RN:R04437]


entry: 1.14.99.30
name: --- - carotene 7,8-desaturase - zeta-carotene desaturase
sysname: carotene,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: neurosporene + AH2 + O2 = lycopene + A + 2 H2O [RN:R04800]
iubmb_reaction: R04800
kegg_reaction: R04798 R04803 R06961
comment:
also acts on zeta-carotene twice to give lycopene and converts beta-zeacarotene to gamma-carotene, and pro-zeta-carotene to prolycopene (via double reaction)


entry: 1.14.99.31
sysname: n-tetradecanoyl-CoA,NAD(P)H:O2 oxidoreductase [11-(E) desaturating]
reaction: myristoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = (E)-11-tetradecenoyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O [RN:R05321 R07216]
iubmb_reaction: R05321 R07216
name:
--- 
- myristoyl-CoA 11-(E) desaturase
- n-tetradecanoyl-CoA,NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase [11-(E) desaturating]

comment:
Involved in sex pheromone synthesis in the moth Spodoptera littoralis. (E)-11-Tetradecenoyl-CoA is formed by stereospecific removal of the pro-R H at C-11 and the pro-S H at C-12. EC 1.14.99.32, myristoyl-CoA 11-(Z) desaturase, forms the Z isomer by stereospecific cleavage of pro-R H at C-11 and C-12.


entry: 1.14.99.32
sysname: n-tetradecanoyl-CoA,NAD(P)H:O2 oxidoreductase [11-(Z) desaturating]
reaction: myristoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = (Z)-11-tetradecenoyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O [RN:R05322 R07217]
iubmb_reaction: R05322 R07217
name:
--- 
- myristoyl-CoA 11-(Z) desaturase
- n-tetradecanoyl-CoA,NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase [11-(Z) desaturating]

comment:
Involved in sex pheromone synthesis in the moth Spodoptera littoralis. (Z)-11-Tetradecenoyl-CoA is formed by stereospecific removal of H from the pro-R positions at C-11 and C-12. EC 1.14.99.31, myristoyl-CoA 11-(E) desaturase, forms the (E)-isomer by removing the pro-R H group at C-11 and the pro-S H group at C-12.


entry: 1.14.99.33
sysname: linoleate, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (delta12-unsaturating)
comment: Contains non-heme iron.
reaction: linoleate + AH2 + O2 = crepenynate + A + H2O [RN:R05740]
iubmb_reaction: R05740
name:
--- 
- delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase
- crepenynate synthase
- linoleate delta12-fatty acid acetylenase (desaturase)


entry: 1.14.99.34
sysname: 7-O-methylluteone,NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase
reaction: 7-O -methylluteone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = dihydrofurano derivatives + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R05741]
iubmb_reaction: R05741
name:
--- 
- monoprenyl isoflavone epoxidase
- monoprenyl isoflavone monooxygenase
- 7-O-methylluteone:O2 oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD) with high specificity for monoprenyl isoflavone. The product of the prenyl epoxidation reaction contains an oxygen atom derived from O2, but not from H2O. It is slowly and nonenzymically converted into the corresponding dihydrofurano derivative. The enzyme in the fungus Botrytis cinerea is induced by the substrate analogue, 6-prenylnaringenin.


entry: 1.14.99.35
sysname: thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA + AH2 + O2 = 5-hydroxythiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA + A + H2O [RN:R05742]
iubmb_reaction: R05742
name:
--- 
- thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA monooxygenase
- thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA hydroxylase
- thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA monooxygenase

comment:
A molybdenum enzyme. Highly specific for thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA. Tetrazolium salts can act as electron acceptors.


entry: 1.14.99.36
sysname: beta-carotene:oxygen 15,15'-oxidoreductase (bond-cleaving)
reaction: beta-carotene + O2 = 2 retinal [RN:R00032]
iubmb_reaction: R00032
name:
--- 
- beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase
- beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase, carotene dioxygenase
- carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase

comment:
Requires bile salts and Fe(II). The reaction proceeds in three stages, epoxidation of the 15,15'-double bond, hydration of the double bond leading to ring opening, and oxidative cleavage of the diol formed [cf. EC 1.14.15.6, cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving)]. Thus only one atom of the dioxygen is incorporated into retinal. Formerly EC 1.13.11.21 as it was considered to be a dioxygenase.


entry: 1.14.99.37
name: --- - taxadiene 5alpha-hydroxylase
sysname: taxa-4,11-diene,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (5alpha-hydroxylating)
reaction: taxa-4,11-diene + AH2 + O2 = taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol + A + H2O [RN:R06306]
iubmb_reaction: R06306
comment:
Requires P-450. The reaction includes rearrangement of the 4(5)-double bond to a 4(20)-double bond, possibly through allylic oxidation.


entry: 1.14.99.38
name: --- - cholesterol 25-hydroxylase - cholesterol 25-monooxygenase
sysname: cholesterol,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (25-hydroxylating)
reaction: cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O [RN:R07218]
iubmb_reaction: R07218
comment:
Unlike most other sterol hydroxylases, this enzyme is not a cytochrome P-450. Instead, it uses diiron cofactors to catalyse the hydroxylation of hydrophobic substrates [1]. The diiron cofactor can be either Fe-O-Fe or Fe-OH-Fe and is bound to the enzyme through interactions with clustered histidine or glutamate residues [4,5]. In cell cultures, this enzyme down-regulates cholesterol synthesis and the processing of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs).


entry: 1.14.99.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Oxygen + 2 6-Hydroxynicotinate <=> 2 2,5-Dihydroxypyridine + 2 CO2 [RN:R00047]; (2) 4-Hydroxybenzoate + Acceptor + H2O <=> 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde + Reduced acceptor + Oxygen [RN:R01303]; (3) 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + H+ + Oxygen + NADPH <=> 16alpha-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R03408]; (4) 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane + Oxygen <=> cis-2,3-Dihydrodiol 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane [RN:R05492]


entry: 1.14.-.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Ascorbate <=> Monodehydroascorbate + H+ [RN:R00645]; (2) 3,4',5-Trihydroxystilbene <=> 3,3',4'5-Tetrahydroxystilbene [RN:R04257]; (3) 4-Nitrocatechol + Oxygen + 3 H+ <=> Benzene-1,2,4-triol + Nitrite + H2O [RN:R05265]; (4) 2 4-Chlorophenoxyacetate + Oxygen <=> 2 4-Chlorophenol + 2 Glyoxylate [RN:R05493]; (5) Fluorene + Oxygen + 2 H+ + 2 e- <=> Fluoren-9-ol + H2O [RN:R05494]; (6) alpha-Pinene + Reduced acceptor <=> Myrtenol + H2O + Acceptor [RN:R06401]; (7) alpha-Pinene + Oxygen + H+ <=> Pinocarveol + H2O [RN:R06404]; (8) Dihydroceramide + Reduced acceptor + Oxygen <=> N-Acylsphingosine + Acceptor + 2 H2O [RN:R06519]; (9) Indole + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> Indolin-2-one + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07403]; (10) Indolin-2-one + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> 3-Hydroxyindolin-2-one + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07421]; (11) 3-Hydroxyindolin-2-one + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> HBOA + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07422]; (12) HBOA + NADPH + H+ + Oxygen <=> DIBOA + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07423]; (13) Cathasterone + Oxygen + Reduced acceptor <=> Teasterone + H2O + Acceptor [RN:R07431]; (14) Teasterone <=> 3-Dehydroteasterone [RN:R07444]; (15) 6-Deoxocathasterone + Oxygen <=> 6-Deoxoteasterone + H2O [RN:R07448]; (16) 6-Deoxoteasterone <=> 3-Dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone [RN:R07449]; (17) 6-Deoxocastasterone + Oxygen <=> 6alpha-Hydroxy-castasterone + H2O [RN:R07450]; (18) 6-Deoxoteasterone + Oxygen <=> Teasterone + H2O [RN:R07455]; (19) 3-Dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone + Oxygen <=> 3-Dehydroteasterone + H2O [RN:R07457]; (20) 6-Deoxotyphasterol + Oxygen <=> Typhasterol + H2O [RN:R07458]; (21) Campestanol + Oxygen + Reduced acceptor <=> 6alpha-Hydroxycampestanol + H2O + Acceptor [RN:R07467]; (22) Typhasterol + Oxygen + Reduced acceptor <=> Castasterone + H2O + Acceptor [RN:R07470]


entry: 1.15.1.1
sysname: superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 O2*- + 2 H+ = O2 + H2O2 [RN:R00275]
iubmb_reaction: R00275
name:
--- 
- superoxide dismutase
- superoxidase dismutase
- copper-zinc superoxide dismutase
- Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase
- ferrisuperoxide dismutase
- superoxide dismutase I
- superoxide dismutase II
- SOD
- Cu,Zn-SOD
- Mn-SOD
- Fe-SOD
- SODF
- SODS
- SOD-1
- SOD-2
- SOD-3
- SOD-4
- hemocuprein
- erythrocuprein
- cytocuprein
- cuprein
- hepatocuprein

comment:
A metalloprotein; also known as erythrocuprein, hemocuprein or cytocuprein. Enzymes from most eukaryotes contain both copper and zinc; those from mitochondria and most prokaryotes contain manganese or iron.


entry: 1.16.1.1
sysname: Hg:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: A dithiol enzyme.
reaction: Hg + NADP+ + H+ = Hg2+ + NADPH [RN:R02807]
iubmb_reaction: R02807
name:
--- 
- mercury(II) reductase
- mercuric reductase
- mercurate(II) reductase
- mercuric ion reductase
- mercury reductase
- reduced NADP:mercuric ion oxidoreductase
- mer A


entry: 1.16.1.2
sysname: transferrin[Fe(II)]2:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: transferrin[Fe(II)]2 + NAD+ + H+ = transferrin[Fe(III)]2 + NADH [RN:R04123]
iubmb_reaction: R04123
name:
--- 
- diferric-transferrin reductase
- diferric transferrin reductase
- NADH diferric transferrin reductase
- transferrin reductase


entry: 1.16.1.3
sysname: cob(II)alamin:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein.
reaction: 2 cob(II)alamin + NAD+ = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADH + H+ [RN:R00097]
iubmb_reaction: R00097
name:
--- 
- aquacobalamin reductase
- aquocobalamin reductase
- vitamin B12a reductase
- NADH-linked aquacobalamin reductase
- B12a reductase
- NADH2:cob(III)alamin oxidoreductase


entry: 1.16.1.4
sysname: cob(I)alamin:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein.
reaction: 2 cob(I)alamin + NAD+ = 2 cob(II)alamin + NADH + H+ [RN:R00099]
iubmb_reaction: R00099
name:
--- 
- cob(II)alamin reductase
- vitamin B12r reductase
- B12r reductase
- NADH2:cob(II)alamin oxidoreductase


entry: 1.16.1.5
sysname: cob(II)alamin:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein. Acts on aquacob(III)alamin and hydroxycobalamin, but not on cyanocobalamin.
reaction: 2 cob(II)alamin + NADP+ = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00107]
iubmb_reaction: R00107
name:
--- 
- aquacobalamin reductase (NADPH)
- aquacobalamin (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- NADPH-linked aquacobalamin reductase
- NADPH2:aquacob(III)alamin oxidoreductase


entry: 1.16.1.6
sysname: cob(I)alamin, cyanide:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein.
reaction: cob(I)alamin + cyanide + NADP+ = cyanocob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02999]
iubmb_reaction: R02999
name:
--- 
- cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating)
- cyanocobalamin reductase
- cyanocobalamin reductase (NADPH, cyanide-eliminating)
- cyanocobalamin reductase (NADPH
- CN-eliminating)
- NADPH2:cyanocob(III)alamin oxidoreductase (cyanide-eliminating)


entry: 1.16.1.7
sysname: Fe(II):NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Involved in the transport of iron across plant plasma membranes.
reaction: 2 Fe(II) + NAD+ = 2 Fe(III) + NADH + H+ [RN:R00092]
iubmb_reaction: R00092
name:
--- 
- ferric-chelate reductase
- ferric chelate reductase
- iron chelate reductase
- NADH:Fe3+-EDTA reductase
- NADH2:Fe3+ oxidoreductase


entry: 1.16.1.8
sysname: [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin,S-adenosylhomocysteine:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05182
name:
--- 
- "[methionine synthase] reductase"
- methionine synthase cob(II)alamin reductase (methylating)
- methionine synthase reductase
- "[methionine synthase]-cobalamin methyltransferase (cob(II)alamin reducing)"

comment:
In humans, the enzyme is a flavoprotein containing FAD and FMN. The substrate of the enzyme is the inactivated [Co(II)] form of EC 2.1.1.13, methionine synthase. Electrons are transferred from NADPH to FAD to FMN. Defects in this enzyme lead to hereditary hyperhomocysteinemia.

reaction:
2 [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + 2 S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+ = 2 [methionine synthase]-cob(I)alamin + NADPH + H+ + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine [RN:R05182]


entry: 1.16.3.1
sysname: Fe(II):oxygen oxidoreductase
comment: A multi-copper protein: ceruloplasmin from animals, rusticyanin in Thiobacillus ferroxidans.
reaction: 4 Fe(II) + 4 H+ + O2 = 4 Fe(III) + 2 H2O [RN:R00078]
iubmb_reaction: R00078
name:
--- 
- ferroxidase
- ceruloplasmin
- ferroxidase I
- "iron(II): oxygen oxidoreductase"
- caeruloplasmin
- ferro:O2 oxidoreductase
- ferroxidase, iron II:oxygen oxidoreductase


entry: 1.16.8.1
name: --- - cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase
sysname: cob(II)yrinic acid-a,c-diamide:FMN oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + FMN = 2 cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + FMNH2 [RN:R05218]
iubmb_reaction: R05218
comment:
This enzyme also catalyses the reduction of cob(II)yric acid, cob(II)inamide, cob(II)inamide phosphate, GDP-cob(II)inamide and cob(II)alamin although cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide is thought to be the physiological substrate [1]. Also uses FAD and NADH but not NADPH.


entry: 1.17.1.1
sysname: CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose:NAD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03391 R03392
name:
--- 
- CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase
- CDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose reductase
- cytidine diphospho-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose reductase
- cytidine diphosphate 4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3-dehydrogenase
- CDP-4-keto-deoxy-glucose reductase
- CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3-dehydrogenase system
- NAD(P)H:CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose oxidoreductase

comment:
The enzyme consists of two proteins. One forms an enzyme-bound adduct of the CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose with pyridoxamine phosphate, in which the 3-hydroxy group has been removed. The second catalyses the reduction of this adduct by NAD(P)H and release of the CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose and pyridoxamine phosphate.

reaction:
CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + NAD(P)+ + H2O = CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03391 R03392]


entry: 1.17.1.2
name: --- - 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase
sysname: isopentenyl-diphosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05884 R07219
reaction:
(1) isopentenyl diphosphate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R05884]; (2) dimethyallyl diphosphate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R07219]


entry: 1.17.1.3
name: --- - leucoanthocyanidin reductase - leucocyanidin reductase
sysname: (2R,3S)-catechin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
reaction: (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+ [RN:R06532]
iubmb_reaction: R06532
kegg_reaction: R06533 R06615
comment:
The enzyme catalyses the synthesis of catechin, catechin-4beta-ol (leucocyanidin) and the related flavan-3-ols afzelechin and gallocatechin, which are initiating monomers in the synthesis of plant polymeric proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins. While 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin is the preferred flavan-3,4-diol substrate, 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucodelphinidin and 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin can also act as substrates, but more slowly. NADH can replace NADPH but is oxidized more slowly.


entry: 1.17.1.4
sysname: xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+ [RN:R02103]
iubmb_reaction: R02103
kegg_reaction: R01768
name:
--- 
- xanthine dehydrogenase
- NAD-xanthine dehydrogenase
- xanthine-NAD oxidoreductase
- xanthine/NAD+ oxidoreductase
- xanthine oxidoreductase

comment:
Acts on a variety of purines and aldehydes, including hypoxanthine. The enzyme from eukaryotes contains [2Fe-2S], FAD and a molybdenum centre. The animal enzyme can be interconverted to EC 1.17.3.2, xanthine oxidase (the oxidase form). That from liver exists in vivo mainly in the dehydrogenase form, but can be converted into EC 1.17.3.2 by storage at -20 degC, by treatment with proteolytic agents or organic solvents, or by thiol reagents such as Cu2+, N-ethylmaleimide or 4-mercuribenzoate. The effect of thiol reagents can be reversed by thiols such as 1,4-dithioerythritol. This enzyme can also be converted into EC 1.17.3.2 by EC 1.8.4.7, enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide) in the presence of glutathione disulfide. In other animal tissues, the enzyme exists almost entirely as EC 1.17.3.2, but can be converted into the dehydrogenase form by 1,4-dithioerythritol. Formerly EC 1.2.1.37 and EC 1.1.1.204.


entry: 1.17.1.5
name: --- - nicotinate dehydrogenase - nicotinic acid hydroxylase - nicotinate hydroxylase
sysname: nicotinate:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
reaction: nicotinate + H2O + NADP+ = 6-hydroxynicotinate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01720]
iubmb_reaction: R01720
comment:
A flavoprotein containing non-heme iron. The enzyme is capable of acting on a variety of nicotinate analogues to varying degrees, including pyrazine-2-carboxylate, pyrazine 2,3-dicarboxylate, trigonelline and 6-methylnicotinate. The enzyme from Clostridium barkeri also possesses a catalytically essential, labile selenium that can be removed by reaction with cyanide.


entry: 1.17.1.6
name: --- - Transferred to 1.17.99.5
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.17.99.5, bile-acid 7alpha-dehydroxylase. It is now known that FAD is the acceptor and not NAD+ as was thought previously. (EC 1.17.1.6 created 2005, deleted 2006)


entry: 1.17.3.2
sysname: xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + H2O2 [RN:R02107]
iubmb_reaction: R02107
kegg_reaction: R01769
name:
--- 
- xanthine oxidase
- hypoxanthine oxidase
- hypoxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase
- Schardinger enzyme
- xanthine oxidoreductase
- hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase
- xanthine:O2 oxidoreductase
- xanthine:xanthine oxidase

comment:
An iron-molybdenum flavoprotein (FAD) containing [2Fe-2S] centres. Also oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes (i.e. possesses the activity of EC 1.2.3.1, aldehyde oxidase). Under some conditions the product is mainly superoxide rather than peroxide: R-H + H2O + 2 O2 = ROH + 2 O2*- + 2 H+. The enzyme from animal tissues can be converted into EC 1.17.1.4, xanthine dehydrogenase. That from liver exists in vivo mainly as the dehydrogenase form, but can be converted into the oxidase form by storage at -20 degC, by treatment with proteolytic enzymes or with organic solvents, or by thiol reagents such as Cu2+, N-ethylmaleimide or 4-mercuribenzoate. The effect of thiol reagents can be reversed by thiols such as 1,4-dithioerythritol. EC 1.17.1.4 can also be converted into this enzyme by EC 1.8.4.7, enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide) in the presence of glutathione disulfide. The Micrococcus enzyme can use ferredoxin as acceptor.


entry: 1.17.3.3
sysname: 6-hydroxynicotinate:O2 oxidoreductase
reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H2O + O2 = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H2O2 [RN:R07221]
iubmb_reaction: R07221
name:
--- 
- 6-hydroxynicotinate dehydrogenase
- 6-hydroxynicotinic acid hydroxylase
- 6-hydroxynicotinic acid dehydrogenase
- 6-hydroxynicotinate hydroxylase

comment:
Contains [2Fe-2S] iron-sulfur centres, FAD and molybdenum. It also has a catalytically essential, labile selenium that can be removed by reaction with cyanide. In Bacillus niacini, this enzyme is required for growth on nicotinic acid.


entry: 1.17.4.1
sysname: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase
comment: An iron protein. Requires ATP.
iubmb_reaction: R04294 > R02017 R02018 R02019 R02024
name:
--- 
- ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase
- ribonucleotide reductase
- CDP reductase
- ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase
- UDP reductase
- ADP reductase
- nucleoside diphosphate reductase
- ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase
- ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase
- 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

reaction:
2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin [RN:R04294]


entry: 1.17.4.2
sysname: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase
comment: Requires a cobamide coenzyme and ATP.
iubmb_reaction: R04315 > R02014 R02020 R02022 R02023
name:
--- 
- ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase
- ribonucleotide reductase
- 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase

reaction:
2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin [RN:R04315]


entry: 1.17.4.3
name: --- - 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase
sysname: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl-diphosphate:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase (hydrating)
iubmb_reaction: R05883
reaction:
(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + H2O + protein-disulfide = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate + protein-dithiol [RN:R05883]


entry: 1.17.5.1
name: --- - phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase - phenylacetyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase
sysname: phenylacetyl-CoA:quinone oxidoreductase
reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H2O + 2 quinone = phenylglyoxylyl-CoA + 2 quinol [RN:R07222]
iubmb_reaction: R07222
comment:
The enzyme from Thauera aromatica is a membrane-bound molybdenum-iron-sulfur protein. The enzyme is specific for phenylacetyl-CoA as substrate. Phenylacetate, acetyl-CoA, benzoyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, crotonyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA and 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA cannot act as substrates. The oxygen atom introduced into the product, phenylglyoxylyl-CoA, is derived from water and not molecular oxygen. Duroquinone, menaquinone and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) can act as acceptor, but the likely physiological acceptor is ubiquinone [1]. A second enzyme, EC 3.1.2.25, phenylacetyl-CoA hydrolase, converts the phenylglyoxylyl-CoA formed into phenylglyoxylate.


entry: 1.17.99.1
sysname: 4-cresol:acceptor oxidoreductase (methyl-hydroxylating)
reaction: 4-cresol + acceptor + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R07223]
iubmb_reaction: R07223 > R02675
name:
--- 
- 4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating)
- p-cresol-(acceptor) oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
- p-cresol methylhydroxylase

comment:
A flavocytochrome c (FAD). Phenazine methosulfate can act as acceptor. A quinone methide is probably formed as intermediate. The first hydroxylation forms 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol; a second hydroxylation converts this into 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.


entry: 1.17.99.2
sysname: ethylbenzene:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: ethylbenzene + H2O + acceptor = (S)-1-phenylethanol + reduced acceptor [RN:R05745]
iubmb_reaction: R05745
name:
--- 
- ethylbenzene hydroxylase
- ethylbenzene dehydrogenase
- ethylbenzene:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
Involved in the anaerobic catabolism of ethylbenzene by denitrifying bacteria. Ethylbenzene is the preferred substrate; the enzyme from some strains oxidizes propylbenzene, 1-ethyl-4-fluorobenzene, 3-methylpent-2-ene and ethylidenecyclohexane. Toluene is not oxidized. p-Benzoquinone or ferrocenium can act as electron acceptor. Contains molybdopterin, [4Fe-4S] clusters and heme b.


entry: 1.17.99.3
iubmb_reaction: R07374
name:
--- 
- 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase
- trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA oxidase
- THC-CoA oxidase
- THCA-CoA oxidase
- 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA oxidase
- 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate 24-hydroxylase

sysname:
(25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA:ac ceptor 24-oxidoreductase (24R-hydroxylating)

comment:
Requires ATP. The reaction in mammals possibly involves dehydrogenation to give a 24(25)-double bond followed by hydration [1]. However, in amphibians such as the Oriental fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis), it is probable that the product is formed via direct hydroxylation of the saturated side chain of (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate and not via hydration of a 24(25) double bond [5]. In microsomes, the free acid is preferred to the coenzyme A ester, whereas in mitochondria, the coenzyme A ester is preferred to the free-acid form of the substrate [1].

reaction:
(25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + H2O + acceptor = (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26- oyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R07374]


entry: 1.17.99.4
sysname: uracil:acceptor oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R00976 R01413
name:
--- 
- uracil/thymine dehydrogenase
- uracil oxidase
- uracil-thymine oxidase
- uracil dehydrogenase

comment:
Forms part of the oxidative pyrimidine-degrading pathway in some microorganisms, along with EC 3.5.2.1 (barbiturase) and EC 3.5.1.95 (N-malonylurea hydrolase). Mammals, plants and other microorganisms utilize the reductive pathway, comprising EC 1.3.1.1 [dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+)] or EC 1.3.1.2 [dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+)], EC 3.5.2.2 (dihydropyrimidinase) and EC 3.5.1.6 (beta-ureidopropionase), with the ultimate degradation products being an L-amino acid, NH3 and CO2 [5].

reaction:
(1) uracil + H2O + acceptor = barbiturate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00976]; (2) thymine + H2O + acceptor = 5-methylbarbiturate + reduced acceptor [RN:R01413]


entry: 1.17.99.5
sysname: deoxycholate:FAD oxidoreductase (7alpha-dehydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R07220 R03978
name:
--- 
- bile-acid 7alpha-dehydroxylase
- cholate 7alpha-dehydroxylase
- 7alpha-dehydroxylase
- bile acid 7-dehydroxylase
- deoxycholate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

comment:
Under physiological conditions, the reactions occur in the reverse direction to that shown above. This enzyme is highly specific for bile-acid substrates and requires a free C-24 carboxy group and an unhindered 7alpha-hydroxy group on the B-ring of the steroid nucleus for activity, as found in cholate and chenodeoxycholate. The reaction is stimulated by the presence of NAD+ but is inhibited by excess NADH. This unusual regulation by the NAD+/NADH ratio is most likely the result of the intermediates being linked at C-24 by an anhydride bond to the 5'-diphosphate of 3'-phospho-ADP [2,5,6]. Allodeoxycholate is also formed as a side-product of the 7alpha-dehydroxylation of cholate [6]. The enzyme is present in intestinal anaerobic bacteria [6], even though its products are important in mammalian physiology.

reaction:
(1) deoxycholate + FAD + H2O = cholate + FADH2 [RN:R07220]; (2) lithocholate + FAD + H2O = chenodeoxycholate + FADH2 [RN:R03978]


entry: 1.18.1.1
sysname: rubredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADH + H+ [RN:R02000]
iubmb_reaction: R02000
name:
--- 
- rubredoxin-NAD+ reductase
- rubredoxin reductase
- rubredoxin-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reductase
- dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-rubredoxin reductase
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-rubredoxin reductase
- NADH-rubredoxin reductase
- rubredoxin-NAD reductase
- "NADH: rubredoxin oxidoreductase"
- DPNH-rubredoxin reductase
- NADH-rubredoxin oxidoreductase

comment:
Requires FAD. The enzyme from Clostridium acetobutylicum reduces rubredoxin, ferricyanide and dichlorophenolindophenol, but not ferredoxin or flavodoxin. The reaction does not occur when NADPH is substituted for NADH. Contains iron at the redox centre. Formerly EC 1.6.7.2.


entry: 1.18.1.2
sysname: ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein. Can also reduce flavodoxin.
reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01195]
iubmb_reaction: R01195
name:
--- 
- ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase
- adrenodoxin reductase
- ferredoxin-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reductase
- TPNH-ferredoxin reductase
- ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase
- NADP+:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- ferredoxin-TPN reductase
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-adrenodoxin reductase
- ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase
- NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- ferredoxin-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized) reductase


entry: 1.18.1.3
sysname: ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADH + H+ [RN:R05875]
iubmb_reaction: R05875
name:
--- 
- ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase
- ferredoxin-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reductase
- ferredoxin reductase
- NAD-ferredoxin reductase
- NADH-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- reductase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ferredoxin
- ferredoxin-NAD reductase
- NADH-ferredoxin reductase
- NADH2-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- NADH flavodoxin oxidoreductase
- NADH-ferredoxinNAP reductase (component of naphthalene dioxygenase multicomponent enzyme system)
- ferredoxin-linked NAD reductase
- NADH-ferredoxinTOL reductase (component of toluene dioxygenase)


entry: 1.18.1.4
sysname: rubredoxin:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02000 R02002]
iubmb_reaction: R02000 R02002
name:
--- 
- rubredoxin-NAD(P)+ reductase
- rubredoxin-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) reductase
- rubredoxin-nicotinamide adenine
- dinucleotide phosphate reductase
- NAD(P)-rubredoxin oxidoreductase
- NAD(P)H-rubredoxin oxidoreductase

comment:
The enzyme from Pyrococcus furiosis requires FAD. It reduces a number of electron carriers, including benzyl viologen, menadione and 2,6-dichloroindophenol, but rubredoxin is the most efficient. Ferredoxin is not utilized.


entry: 1.18.6.1
name: --- - nitrogenase
sysname: reduced ferredoxin:dinitrogen oxidoreductase (ATP-hydrolysing)
iubmb_reaction: R05185
kegg_reaction: R00002 R00067 R00153 R01849 R02802 R04782 R05496
comment:
Requires Mg2+. It is composed of two proteins that can be separated but are both required for nitrogenase activity. Dinitrogen reductase is a [4Fe-4S] protein, which, with two molecules of ATP and ferredoxin, generates an electron. The electron is transferred to the other protein, dinitrogenase (molybdoferredoxin). Dinitrogenase is a molybdenum-iron protein that reduces dinitrogen in three succesive two-electron reductions from nitrogen to diimine to hydrazine to two molecules of ammonia. The molybdenum may be replaced by vanadium or iron. The reduction is initiated by formation of hydrogen in stoichiometric amounts [2]. Acetylene is reduced to ethylene (but only very slowly to ethane), azide to nitrogen and ammonia, and cyanide to methane and ammonia. In the absence of a suitable substrate, hydrogen is slowly formed. Ferredoxin may be replaced by flavodoxin [see EC 1.19.6.1 nitrogenase (flavodoxin)]. Formerly EC 1.18.2.1.

reaction:
8 reduced ferredoxin + 8 H+ + N2 + 16 ATP + 16 H2O = 8 oxidized ferredoxin + H2 + 2 NH3 + 16 ADP + 16 phosphate [RN:R05185]


entry: 1.18.99.1
name: --- - Transferred to 1.12.7.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.12.7.2, ferredoxin hydrogenase (EC 1.18.99.1 created 1961 as EC 1.98.1.1, transferred 1965 to EC 1.12.1.1, transferred 1972 to EC 1.12.7.1, transferred 1978 to EC 1.18.3.1, transferred 1984 to EC 1.18.99.1, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.19.6.1
name: --- - nitrogenase (flavodoxin)
sysname: reduced flavodoxin:dinitrogen oxidoreductase (ATP-hydrolysing)
iubmb_reaction: R05186
comment:
The enzyme is a complex of two proteins containing iron-sulfur centres and molybdenum. Formerly EC 1.19.2.1.

reaction:
6 reduced flavodoxin + 6 H+ + N2 + n ATP = 6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + n ADP + n phosphate [RN:R05186]


entry: 1.20.4.1
name: --- - arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin)
sysname: glutharedoxin:arsenate oxidoreductase
reaction: arsenate + glutaredoxin = arsenite + glutaredoxin disulfide [RN:R05747]
iubmb_reaction: R05747
comment:
A molybdoenzyme. The glutaredoxins catalyse glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductions and have a redox-active disulfide/dithiol in the active site (-Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys-) that forms a disulfide bond in the oxidized form [2, 10]. Glutaredoxins have a binding site for glutathione, which is required to reduce them to the dithiol form [3, 6]. Thioredoxins reduced by NADPH and thioredoxin reductase can act as alternative substrates. The enzyme [1, 4, 7, 9] is part of a system for detoxifying arsenate. Although the arsenite formed is more toxic than arsenate, it can be extruded from some bacteria by EC 3.6.3.16, arsenite-transporting ATPase; in other organisms, arsenite can be methylated by EC 2.1.1.137, arsenite methyltransferase, in a pathway to non-toxic organoarsenical compounds.


entry: 1.20.4.2
name: --- - methylarsonate reductase - MMA(V) reductase
sysname: gluthathione:methylarsonate oxidoreductase
reaction: methylarsonate + 2 glutathione = methylarsonite + glutathione disulfide [RN:R05748]
iubmb_reaction: R05748
comment:
The product, Me-As(OH)2 (methylarsonous acid), is biologically methylated by EC 2.1.1.137, arsenite methyltransferase, to form cacodylic acid (dimethylarsinic acid).


entry: 1.20.98.1
name: --- - arsenate reductase (azurin) - arsenite oxidase
sysname: arsenite:azurin oxidoreductase
reaction: arsenite + H2O + azurin(ox) = arsenate + azurin(red) [RN:R05751]
iubmb_reaction: R05751
comment:
Contains a molybdopterin centre comprising two molybdopterin guanosine dinucleotide cofactors bound to molybdenum, a [3Fe-4S] cluster and a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster. Also uses a c-type cytochrome or O2 as acceptors.


entry: 1.20.99.1
name: --- - arsenate reductase (donor) - arsenate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase
sysname: arsenate:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: arsenite + acceptor = arsenate + reduced acceptor [RN:R05752]
iubmb_reaction: R05752
comment:
Benzyl viologen can act as an acceptor. Unlike EC 1.20.4.1, arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin), reduced glutaredoxin cannot serve as a reductant.


entry: 1.21.3.2
name: --- - columbamine oxidase - berberine synthase
sysname: columbamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
reaction: 2 columbamine + O2 = 2 berberine + 2 H2O [RN:R00044]
iubmb_reaction: R00044
comment:
An iron protein. Oxidation of the O-methoxyphenol structure forms the methylenedioxy group of berberine.


entry: 1.21.3.3
sysname: (S)-reticuline:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylene-bridge-forming)
reaction: (S)-reticuline + O2 = (S)-scoulerine + H2O2 [RN:R03831]
iubmb_reaction: R03831
name:
--- 
- reticuline oxidase
- BBE
- berberine bridge enzyme
- berberine-bridge-forming enzyme
- tetrahydroprotoberberine synthase

comment:
The product of the reaction, (S)-scoulerine, is a precursor of protopine, protoberberine and benzophenanthridine alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. Acts on (S)-reticuline and related compounds, converting the N-methyl group into the methylene bridge ('berberine bridge') of (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberines.


entry: 1.21.3.4
name: --- - sulochrin oxidase [(+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] - sulochrin oxidase
sysname: sulochrin:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing, (+)-specific)
reaction: 2 sulochrin + O2 = 2 (+)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O [RN:R00060]
iubmb_reaction: R00060
comment:
Also acts on several diphenols and phenylenediamines, but has low affinity for these substrates. Involved in the biosynthesis of mould metabolites related to the antibiotic griseofulvin.


entry: 1.21.3.6
name: --- - aureusidin synthase
sysname: 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R07224 R07225
comment:
A copper-containing glycoprotein that plays a key role in the yellow coloration of flowers such as snapdragon. The enzyme is a homologue of plant polyphenol oxidase [1] and catalyses two separate chemical transformations, i.e. 3-hydroxylation and oxidative cyclization (2',alpha-dehydrogenation). H2O2 activates reaction (1) but inhibits reaction (2).

reaction:
(1) 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone + O2 = aureusidin + H2O [RN:R07224]; (2) 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone + 0.5 O2 = aureusidin + H2O [RN:R07225]


entry: 1.21.4.1
name: --- - D-proline reductase (dithiol)
sysname: 5-aminopentanoate:lipoate oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
reaction: 5-aminopentanoate + lipoate = D-proline + dihydrolipoate [RN:R02825]
iubmb_reaction: R02825
comment:
The reaction is observed only in the direction of D-proline reduction. Other dithiols can function as reducing agents; the enzyme contains a pyruvoyl group and a selenocysteine residue, both essential for activity.


entry: 1.21.4.2
name: --- - glycine reductase
sysname: acetyl-phosphate ammonia:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (glycine-forming)
reaction: acetyl phosphate + NH3 + thioredoxin disulfide = glycine + phosphate + thioredoxin [RN:R07226]
iubmb_reaction: R07226
comment:
The reaction is observed only in the direction of glycine reduction. The enzyme from Eubacterium acidaminophilum consists of subunits A, B and C. Subunit B contains selenocysteine and a pyruvoyl group, and is responsible for glycine binding and ammonia release. Subunit A, which also contains selenocysteine, is reduced by thioredoxin, and is needed to convert the carboxymethyl group into a ketene equivalent, in turn used by subunit C to produce acetyl phosphate. Only subunit B distinguishes this enzyme from EC 1.21.4.3 (sarcosine reductase) and EC 1.21.4.4 (betaine reductase).


entry: 1.21.4.3
name: --- - sarcosine reductase
sysname: acetyl-phosphate methylamine:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (N-methylglycine-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R07227
comment:
The reaction is observed only in the direction of sarcosine reduction. The enzyme from Eubacterium acidaminophilum consists of subunits A, B and C. Subunit B contains selenocysteine and a pyruvoyl group, and is responsible for sarcosine binding and methylamine release. Subunit A, which also contains selenocysteine, is reduced by thioredoxin, and is needed to convert the carboxymethyl group into a ketene equivalent, in turn used by subunit C to produce acetyl phosphate. Only subunit B distinguishes this enzyme from EC 1.21.4.2 (glycine reductase) and EC 1.21.4.4 (betaine reductase).

reaction:
acetyl phosphate + methylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N-methylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin [RN:R07227]


entry: 1.21.4.4
name: --- - betaine reductase
iubmb_reaction: R07228
sysname:
acetyl-phosphate trimethylamine:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (N,N,N-trimethylglycine-forming)

comment:
The reaction is observed only in the direction of betaine reduction. The enzyme from Eubacterium acidaminophilum consists of subunits A, B and C. Subunit B contains selenocysteine and a pyruvoyl group, and is responsible for betaine binding and trimethylamine release. Subunit A, which also contains selenocysteine, is reduced by thioredoxin, and is needed to convert the carboxymethyl group into a ketene equivalent, in turn used by subunit C to produce acetyl phosphate. Only subunit B distinguishes this enzyme from EC 1.21.4.2 (glycine reductase) and EC 1.21.4.3 (sarcosine reductase).

reaction:
acetyl phosphate + trimethylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N,N,N-trimethylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin [RN:R07228]


entry: 1.21.99.1
sysname: beta-cyclopiazonate:acceptor oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
reaction: beta-cyclopiazonate + acceptor = alpha-cyclopiazonate + reduced acceptor [RN:R04080]
iubmb_reaction: R04080
name:
--- 
- beta-cyclopiazonate dehydrogenase
- beta-cyclopiazonate oxidocyclase
- beta-cyclopiazonic oxidocyclase
- beta-cyclopiazonate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (cyclizing)

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Cytochrome c and various dyes can act as acceptor. Cyclopiazonate is a microbial toxin.


entry: 1.97.1.2
sysname: 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene:1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene hydroxytransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04297
name:
--- 
- pyrogallol hydroxytransferase
- 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene hydroxyltransferase
- 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene:pyrogallol transhydroxylase
- 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene-pyrogallol hydroxyltransferase (transhydroxylase)
- pyrogallol hydroxyltransferase
- 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene:1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene hydroxyltransferase

comment:
1,2,3,5-Tetrahydroxybenzene acts as a co-substrate for the conversion of pyrogallol into phloroglucinol, and for a number of similar isomerizations. The enzyme is provisionally listed here, but might be considered as the basis for a new class in the transferases, analogous to the aminotransferases.

reaction:
1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene + 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene = 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene + 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene [RN:R04297]


entry: 1.97.1.3
name: --- - sulfur reductase
sysname: (donor):sulfur oxidoreductase
reaction: reduction of elemental sulfur or polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide
iubmb_reaction: (other) R03533
kegg_reaction: R03533
comment:
Sulfur can be reduced with hydrogen as donor in the presence of hydrogenase, or by photochemical reduction in the presence of phenosafranin.


entry: 1.97.1.4
iubmb_reaction: R04710
name:
--- 
- "[formate-C-acetyltransferase]-activating enzyme"
- PFL activase
- PFL-glycine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine H transferase (flavodoxin-oxidizing, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-cleaving)
- formate acetyltransferase activating enzyme
- formate acetyltransferase-glycine dihydroflavodoxin:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine cleaving)

sysname:
[formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine dihydroflavodoxin:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine cleaving)

comment:
An iron-sulfur protein. A single glycine residue in EC 2.3.1.54, formate C-acetyltransferase, is oxidized to the corresponding radical by transfer of H from its CH2 to AdoMet with concomitant cleavage of the latter. The reaction requires Fe2+. The first stage is reduction of the AdoMet to give methionine and the 5'-deoxyadenosin-5-yl radical, which then abstracts a hydrogen radical from the glycine residue.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone +[formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical [RN:R04710]


entry: 1.97.1.5
name: --- - Transferred to 1.20.4.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.20.4.1, arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) (EC 1.97.1.5 created 2000 deleted 2001)


entry: 1.97.1.6
name: --- - Transferred to 1.20.99.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.20.99.1, arsenate reductase (donor) (EC 1.97.1.6 created 2000 deleted 2001)


entry: 1.97.1.7
name: --- - Transferred to 1.20.4.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.20.4.2, methylarsonate reductase (EC 1.97.1.7 created 2000, deleted 2001)


entry: 1.97.1.8
name: --- - tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase - tetrachloroethene reductase
sysname: acceptor:trichloroethene oxidoreductase (chlorinating)
reaction: trichloroethene + chloride + acceptor = tetrachloroethene + reduced acceptor [RN:R05753]
iubmb_reaction: R05753
comment:
This enzyme allows the common pollutant tetrachloroethene to support bacterial growth and is responsible for disposal of a number of chlorinated hydrocarbons by this organism. The reaction occurs in the reverse direction. The enzyme also reduces trichloroethene to dichloroethene. Although the physiological reductant is unknown, the supply of reductant in some organisms is via reduced menaquinone, itself formed from molecular hydrogen, via EC 1.12.5.1 (hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase). The enzyme contains a corrinoid and two iron-sulfur clusters. Methyl viologen can act as electron donor.


entry: 1.97.1.9
name: --- - selenate reductase
sysname: selenite:reduced acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: selenite + H2O + acceptor = selenate + reduced acceptor [RN:R07229]
iubmb_reaction: R07229
comment:
The periplasmic enzyme from Thauera selenatis is a complex comprising three heterologous subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) that contains molybdenum, iron, acid-labile sulfide and heme b as cofactor constituents. Nitrate, nitrite, chlorate and sulfate are not substrates. A number of compounds, including acetate, lactate, pyruvate, and certain sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, di- and tricarboxylic acids, and benzoate can serve as electron donors.


entry: 1.97.1.10
sysname: acceptor:3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine oxidoreductase (iodinating)
reaction: 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H+ = L-thyroxine + AH2 [RN:R03734]
iubmb_reaction: R03734
name:
--- 
- thyroxine 5'-deiodinase
- diiodothyronine 5'-deiodinase [ambiguous]
- iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase
- iodothyronine outer ring monodeiodinase
- type I iodothyronine deiodinase
- type II iodothyronine deiodinase
- thyroxine 5-deiodinase [misleading]
- L-thyroxine iodohydrolase (reducing)

comment:
The enzyme activity has only been demonstrated in the direction of 5'-deiodination, which renders the thyroid hormone more active. The enzyme consists of type I and type II enzymes, both containing selenocysteine, but with different kinetics. For the type I enzyme the first reaction is a reductive deiodination converting the -Se-H group of the enzyme into an -Se-I group; the reductant then reconverts this into -Se-H, releasing iodide.


entry: 1.97.1.11
sysname: acceptor:3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine oxidoreductase (iodinating)
reaction: 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H+ = L-thyroxine + AH2 [RN:R07230]
iubmb_reaction: R07230
name:
--- 
- thyroxine 5-deiodinase
- diiodothyronine 5'-deiodinase[ambiguous]
- iodothyronine 5-deiodinase
- iodothyronine inner ring monodeiodinase
- type III iodothyronine deiodinase

comment:
The enzyme activity has only been demonstrated in the direction of 5-deiodination. This removal of the 5-iodine, i.e. from the inner ring, largely inactivates the hormone thyroxine.


entry: 1.97.1.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) HCl + p-Benzenediol + Oxidized glutathione <=> Chlorohydroquinone + 2 Glutathione [RN:R05267]; (2) 2,5-Dichlorohydroquinone + 2 Glutathione <=> Chlorohydroquinone + Oxidized glutathione + HCl [RN:R05269]; (3) 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene <=> 1-Chloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene + Chloride [RN:R05497]; (4) Vinyl chloride + 2 H+ <=> Ethylene + HCl [RN:R05498]; (5) Tetrachloroethene + 2 H+ <=> Trichloroethene + HCl [RN:R05499]; (6) Trichloroethene + 2 H+ <=> trans-1,2-Dichloroethene + HCl [RN:R05500]; (7) Trichloroethene + 2 H+ <=> cis-1,2-Dichloroethene + HCl [RN:R05501]; (8) trans-1,2-Dichloroethene + 2 H+ <=> Vinyl chloride + HCl [RN:R05502]; (9) cis-1,2-Dichloroethene + 2 H+ <=> Vinyl chloride + HCl [RN:R05503]; (10) 5-Chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde + H+ <=> 2-Hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + Cl- [RN:R05504]; (11) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate + H+ + 2 e- <=> 4-Chlorophenoxyacetate + Cl- [RN:R05505]; (12) Tetrabromobisphenol A <=> Tribromobisphenol A + Hydrobromic acid [RN:R06876]; (13) Tribromobisphenol A <=> Dibromobisphenol A + Hydrobromic acid [RN:R06877]; (14) Dibromobisphenol A <=> Monobromobisphenol A + Hydrobromic acid [RN:R06878]; (15) Monobromobisphenol A <=> Bisphenol A + Hydrobromic acid [RN:R06879]


entry: 2.1.1.1
name: --- - nicotinamide N-methyltransferase - nicotinamide methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01269
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + nicotinamide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1-methylnicotinamide [RN:R01269]


entry: 2.1.1.2
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine [RN:R01883]
iubmb_reaction: R01883
name:
--- 
- guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
- GA methylpherase
- guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
- guanidinoacetate transmethylase
- methionine-guanidinoacetic transmethylase
- guanidoacetate methyltransferase


entry: 2.1.1.3
sysname: dimethylsulfonioacetate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
reaction: dimethylsulfonioacetate + L-homocysteine = S-methylthioglycolate + L-methionine [RN:R04153]
iubmb_reaction: R04153
name:
--- 
- thetin-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
- dimethylthetin-homocysteine methyltransferase
- thetin-homocysteine methylpherase


entry: 2.1.1.4
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
comment: Some other hydroxyindoles also act as acceptor, but more slowly.
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin [RN:R03130]
iubmb_reaction: R03130
kegg_reaction: R04905
name:
--- 
- acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
- hydroxyindole methyltransferase
- hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase
- N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
- acetylserotonin methyltransferase


entry: 2.1.1.5
sysname: trimethylammonioacetate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
reaction: trimethylammonioacetate + L-homocysteine = dimethylglycine + L-methionine [RN:R02821]
iubmb_reaction: R02821
name:
--- 
- betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
- betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
- betaine-homocysteine transmethylase


entry: 2.1.1.6
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol [RN:R07330]
iubmb_reaction: R07330 > R00827 R02534 R02920 R03304 R04301 R04881 R04887
name:
--- 
- catechol O-methyltransferase
- COMT I
- COMT II
- S-COMT (soluble form of catechol-O-methyltransferase)
- MB-COMT (membrane-bound form of catechol-O-methyltransferase)
- catechol methyltransferase
- catecholamine O-methyltransferase

comment:
The mammalian enzyme acts more rapidly on catecholamines such as adrenaline or noradrenaline than on catechols.


entry: 2.1.1.7
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nicotinate N-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + nicotinate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylnicotinate [RN:R01721]
iubmb_reaction: R01721
name:
--- 
- nicotinate N-methyltransferase
- furanocoumarin 8-methyltransferase
- furanocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase


entry: 2.1.1.8
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07231
kegg_reaction: R02155
name:
--- 
- histamine N-methyltransferase
- histamine 1-methyltransferase
- histamine methyltransferase
- histamine-methylating enzyme
- imidazolemethyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine-histamine N-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(tau)-methylhistamine [RN:R07231]


entry: 2.1.1.10
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
comment: The bacterial enzyme uses S-methylmethionine as donor more actively than S-adenosylmethionine.
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine [RN:R00650]
iubmb_reaction: R00650
name:
--- 
- homocysteine S-methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine homocysteine transmethylase
- S-methylmethionine homocysteine transmethylase
- adenosylmethionine transmethylase
- methylmethionine:homocysteine methyltransferase
- adenosylmethionine:homocysteine methyltransferase
- homocysteine methylase
- homocysteine methyltransferase
- homocysteine transmethylase
- L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-homocysteine methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine transmethylase
- S-adenosylmethionine:homocysteine methyltransferase


entry: 2.1.1.11
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:magnesium-protoporphyrin-IX O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04237
name:
--- 
- magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase
- Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine-magnesium protoporphyrin methyltransferase
- magnesium-protoporphyrin O-methyltransferase
- (-)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine:magnesium-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:Mg protoporphyrin methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethioninemagnesium protoporphyrin methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:magnesium-protoporphyrin O-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + magnesium protoporphyrin IX = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-methyl ester [RN:R04237]


entry: 2.1.1.12
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-methionine S-methyltransferase
comment: Requires Zn2+ or Mn2+
iubmb_reaction: R00649
kegg_reaction: R04772
name:
--- 
- methionine S-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl methionine:methionine methyl transferase
- methionine methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine transmethylase
- S-adenosylmethionine-methionine methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + S-methyl-L-methionine [RN:R00649]


entry: 2.1.1.13
sysname: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine [RN:R00946]
iubmb_reaction: R00946
name:
--- 
- methionine synthase
- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine transmethylase
- N-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine methyltransferase
- N5-methyltetrahydrofolate methyltransferase
- N5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine cobalamin methyltransferase
- N5-methyltetrahydrofolic-homocysteine vitamin B12 transmethylase
- B12 N5-methyltetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase
- methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine vitamin B12 methyltransferase
- tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase
- tetrahydropteroylglutamate methyltransferase
- tetrahydropteroylglutamic methyltransferase
- vitamin B12 methyltransferase
- cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase
- methionine synthase (cobalamin-dependent)
- MetH

comment:
Contains zinc and cobamide. The enzyme becomes inactivated occasionally during its cycle by oxidation of Co(I) to Co(II). Reactivation by reductive methylation is catalysed by the enzyme itself, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor and a reducing system. For the mammalian enzyme, the reducing system involves NADPH and EC 1.16.1.8, [methionine synthase] reductase. In bacteria, the reducing agent is flavodoxin, and no further catalyst is needed (the flavodoxin is kept in the reduced state by NADPH and EC 1.18.1.2, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase). Acts on the monoglutamate as well as the triglutamate folate, in contrast with EC 2.1.1.14, 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, which acts only on the triglutamate.


entry: 2.1.1.14
sysname: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04405
name:
--- 
- 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
- tetrahydropteroyltriglutamate methyltransferase
- homocysteine methylase
- methyltransferase, tetrahydropteroylglutamate-homocysteine transmethylase
- methyltetrahydropteroylpolyglutamate:homocysteine methyltransferase
- cobalamin-independent methionine synthase
- methionine synthase (cobalamin-independent)
- MetE

comment:
Requires phosphate and contains zinc. The enzyme from Escherichia coli also requires a reducing system. Unlike EC 2.1.1.13, methionine synthase, this enzyme does not contain cobalamin.

reaction:
5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-methionine [RN:R04405]


entry: 2.1.1.15
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:fatty-acid O-methyltransferase
comment: Oleic acid is the most effective fatty acid acceptor.
iubmb_reaction: R01349
name:
--- 
- fatty-acid O-methyltransferase
- fatty acid methyltransferase
- fatty acid O-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a fatty acid methyl ester [RN:R01349]


entry: 2.1.1.16
name: --- - methylene-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase - unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase (methenylating)
iubmb_reaction: R03410
comment:
The enzyme transfers a methyl group to the 10-position of a delta-olefinic acyl chain in phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidylinositol or, more slowly, phosphatidylethanolamine; subsequent proton transfer produces a 10-methylene group (cf. EC 2.1.1.79 cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase).

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid methylene fatty acid [RN:R03410]


entry: 2.1.1.17
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R02056
name:
--- 
- phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
- PEMT
- LMTase
- lipid methyl transferase
- phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase
- phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methylase
- phosphatidylethanolamine-S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine [RN:R02056]


entry: 2.1.1.18
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 6-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04396
name:
--- 
- polysaccharide O-methyltransferase
- polysaccharide methyltransferase
- acylpolysacharide 6-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,4-alpha-D-glucooligosaccharide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + oligosaccharide containing 6-methyl-D-glucose units [RN:R04396]


entry: 2.1.1.19
sysname: trimethylsulfonium:tetrahydrofolate N-methyltransferase
reaction: trimethylsulfonium + tetrahydrofolate = dimethylsulfide + 5-methyltetrahydrofolate [RN:R02573]
iubmb_reaction: R02573
name:
--- 
- trimethylsulfonium-tetrahydrofolate N-methyltransferase
- trimethylsulfonium-tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase


entry: 2.1.1.20
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine [RN:R00367]
iubmb_reaction: R00367
name:
--- 
- glycine N-methyltransferase
- glycine methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine methyltransferase
- GNMT

comment:
This enzyme is thought to play an important role in the regulation of methyl group metabolism in the liver and pancreas by regulating the ratio between S-adenosyl-L-methionine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. It is inhibited by 5-methyltetrahydrofolate pentaglutamate [4]. Sarcosine, which has no physiological role, is converted back into glycine by the action of EC 1.5.99.1, sarcosine dehydrogenase.


entry: 2.1.1.21
sysname: methylamine:L-glutamate N-methyltransferase
reaction: methylamine + L-glutamate = NH3 + N-methyl-L-glutamate [RN:R01586]
iubmb_reaction: R01586
name:
--- 
- methylamine-glutamate N-methyltransferase
- N-methylglutamate synthase
- methylamine-glutamate methyltransferase


entry: 2.1.1.23
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: protein-arginine N-methyltransferase. Now listed as EC 2.1.1.124 [cytochrome c]-arginine N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.125 histone-arginine N-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.126 [myelin basic protein]-arginine N-methyltransferase. (EC 2.1.1.23 created 1972, modified 1976, modified 1983, deleted 1999)


entry: 2.1.1.24
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: protein-gamma-glutamate O-methyltransferase. Now listed as EC 2.1.1.77 protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.80 protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.100 protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase. (EC 2.1.1.24 created 1972, modified 1983, modified 1989, deleted 1992)


entry: 2.1.1.26
name: --- - iodophenol O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-iodophenol O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03746
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-iodophenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-iodophenol methyl ether [RN:R03746]


entry: 2.1.1.27
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tyramine N-methyltransferase
comment: Has some activity on phenylethylamine analogues.
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tyramine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyltyramine [RN:R02384]
iubmb_reaction: R02384
name:
--- 
- tyramine N-methyltransferase
- DIB O-methyltransferase (3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid)
- S-adenosyl-methionine:tyramine N-methyltransferase
- tyramine methylpherase


entry: 2.1.1.28
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
comment: Acts on various phenylethanolamines; converts noradrenaline into adrenaline.
iubmb_reaction: R04033
kegg_reaction: R02533
name:
--- 
- phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
- noradrenaline N-methyltransferase
- noradrenalin N-methyltransferase
- norepinephrine methyltransferase
- norepinephrine N-methyltransferase
- phenethanolamine methyltransferase
- phenethanolamine N-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylphenylethanolamine [RN:R04033]


entry: 2.1.1.29
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R00595
name:
--- 
- tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase
- transfer ribonucleate cytosine 5-methyltransferase
- transfer RNA cytosine 5-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylcytosine [RN:R00595]


entry: 2.1.1.30
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: tRNA (purine-2- or -6-)-methyltransferase. Reactions previously described are due to EC 2.1.1.32 tRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase. (EC 2.1.1.30 created 1972, deleted 1981)


entry: 2.1.1.31
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R00597
name:
--- 
- tRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase
- transfer ribonucleate guanine 1-methyltransferase
- tRNA guanine 1-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methylguanine [RN:R00597]


entry: 2.1.1.32
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R00598
name:
--- 
- tRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase
- transfer ribonucleate guanine 2-methyltransferase
- transfer ribonucleate guanine N2-methyltransferase
- transfer RNA guanine 2-methyltransferase
- guanine-N2-methylase

comment:
In eukaryotic tRNAs, two N2-guanine methylations occur, at the N2-methylguanine at position 10 and the N2-methylguanine at position 29.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N2-methylguanine [RN:R00598]


entry: 2.1.1.33
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R00600
name:
--- 
- tRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase
- transfer ribonucleate guanine 7-methyltransferase
- 7-methylguanine transfer ribonucleate methylase
- tRNA guanine 7-methyltransferase
- N7-methylguanine methylase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N7-methylguanine [RN:R00600]


entry: 2.1.1.34
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA guanosine-2'-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R02917
name:
--- 
- tRNA guanosine-2'-O-methyltransferase
- transfer ribonucleate guanosine 2'-methyltransferase
- tRNA guanosine 2'-methyltransferase
- tRNA (guanosine 2')-methyltransferase
- tRNA (Gm18) 2'-O-methyltransferase
- tRNA (Gm18) methyltransferase
- tRNA (guanosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase

comment:
Methylates the 2'-hydroxy group of a guanosine present in a GG sequence at position 18. Yeast tRNA(Phe) is one of the best substrate tRNAs.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine [RN:R02917]


entry: 2.1.1.35
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R00594
name:
--- 
- tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase
- ribothymidyl synthase
- transfer RNA uracil 5-methyltransferase
- transfer RNA uracil methylase
- tRNA uracil 5-methyltransferase
- m5U-methyltransferase
- tRNA:m5U54-methyltransferase
- RUMT

comment:
Up to 25% of the bases in mature tRNA are post-translationally modified or hypermodified. One almost universal post-translational modification is the conversion of U54 (in the TPsiC loop) into ribothymidine (5-methyluridine), and this modification is found in most species studied to date [7]. Unlike this enzyme, EC 2.1.1.74, methylenetetrahydrofolate--tRNA-(uracil-5-)-methyltransferase (FADH2-oxidizing), uses 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and FADH2 to supply the atoms for methylation of U54[4].

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing uridine at position 54 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing ribothymidine at position 54 [RN:R00594]


entry: 2.1.1.36
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase
comment: The enzymes from different sources are specific for different adenine residues in tRNA.
iubmb_reaction: R00596
name:
--- 
- tRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase
- transfer ribonucleate adenine 1-methyltransferase
- transfer RNA (adenine-1) methyltransferase
- 1-methyladenine transfer RNA methyltransferase
- adenine-1-methylase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methyladenine [RN:R00596]


entry: 2.1.1.37
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R00380 > R04858
name:
--- 
- DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase
- EcoRI methylase
- DNA 5-cytosine methylase
- DNA cytosine c5 methylase
- DNA cytosine methylase
- DNA methylase
- DNA methyltransferase
- DNA transmethylase
- DNA-cytosine 5-methylase
- DNA-cytosine methyltransferase
- HpaII methylase
- HpaII' methylase
- M.BsuRIa
- M.BsuRIb
- Type II DNA methylase
- cytosine 5-methyltransferase
- cytosine DNA methylase
- cytosine DNA methyltransferase
- cytosine-specific DNA methyltransferase
- deoxyribonucleate methylase
- deoxyribonucleate methyltransferase
- deoxyribonucleic (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase
- deoxyribonucleic acid (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase
- deoxyribonucleic acid methylase
- deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase
- deoxyribonucleic acid modification methylase
- deoxyribonucleic methylase
- methylphosphotriester-DNA methyltransferase
- modification methylase
- restriction-modification system
- site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-specific)

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine [RN:R00380]


entry: 2.1.1.38
name: --- - O-demethylpuromycin O-methyltransferase - O-demethylpuromycin methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:O-demethylpuromycin O-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + O-demethylpuromycin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + puromycin [RN:R03633]
iubmb_reaction: R03633
kegg_reaction: R05676
comment:
Puromycin is the antibiotic derived from N6-dimethyladenosine by replacing the 3'-hydroxy group with an amino group and acylating this with 4-O-methyltyrosine.


entry: 2.1.1.39
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1D-myo-inositol 3-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01189
name:
--- 
- inositol 3-methyltransferase
- inositol L-1-methyltransferase
- myo-inositol 1-methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine:myo-inositol 1-methyltransferase
- myo-inositol 1-O-methyltransferase (name based on 1L-numbering system and not 1D-numbering)
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myo-inositol 1-O-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myo-inositol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol [RN:R01189]


entry: 2.1.1.40
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1D-myo-inositol 1-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01188
name:
--- 
- inositol 1-methyltransferase
- inositol D-1-methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine:myo-inositol 3-methyltransferase
- myo-inositol 3-O-methyltransferase
- inositol 3-O-methyltransferase (name based on 1L-numbering system and not 1D-numbering)
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myo-inositol 3-O-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myo-inositol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1D-1-O-methyl-myo-inositol [RN:R01188]


entry: 2.1.1.41
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:zymosterol 24-C-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04427
name:
--- 
- sterol 24-C-methyltransferase
- delta24-methyltransferase
- delta24-sterol methyltransferase
- zymosterol-24-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-4-methionine:sterol delta24-methyltransferase
- SMT1
- 24-sterol C-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:delta24(23)-sterol methyltransferase
- phytosterol methyltransferase

comment:
Requires glutathione. Acts on a range of sterols with a 24(25)-double bond in the sidechain. While zymosterol is the preferred substrate it also acts on desmosterol, 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol, 5alpha-cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol, 4alpha-methylzymosterol and others. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine attacks the Si-face of the 24(25) double bond and the C-24 hydrogen is transferred to C-25 on the Re face of the double bond.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylene-5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol [RN:R04427]


entry: 2.1.1.42
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone 3'-O-methyltransferase
comment: Also acts on luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.
iubmb_reaction: R03587
name:
--- 
- luteolin O-methyltransferase
- o-dihydric phenol methyltransferase
- luteolin methyltransferase
- luteolin 3'-O-methyltransferase
- o-diphenol m-O-methyltransferase
- o-dihydric phenol meta-O-methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine:flavone/flavonol 3'-O-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone [RN:R03587]


entry: 2.1.1.43
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histone-L-lysine N6-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03938
kegg_reaction: R03875 R04866 R04867
name:
--- 
- histone-lysine N-methyltransferase
- protein methylase III
- protein methylase 3
- protein (lysine) methyltransferase
- protein methyltransferase II
- protein-lysine N-methyltransferase
- histone H1-specific S-adenosylmethionine:protein-lysine N-methyltransferase

comment:
One of a group of enzymes methylating proteins; see also EC 2.1.1.59 [cytochrome-c]-lysine N-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.60 calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R03938]


entry: 2.1.1.44
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N(alpha),N(alpha)-dimethyl-L-histidine N(alpha)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04436
name:
--- 
- dimethylhistidine N-methyltransferase
- dimethylhistidine methyltransferase
- histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase

comment:
Methylhistidine and histidine can also act as methyl acceptors, with trimethylhistidine being formed in both cases.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N(alpha),N(alpha)-dimethyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine [RN:R04436]


entry: 2.1.1.45
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase
reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = dihydrofolate + dTMP [RN:R02101]
iubmb_reaction: R02101
name:
--- 
- thymidylate synthase
- dTMP synthase
- thymidylate synthetase
- methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase
- TMP synthetase


entry: 2.1.1.46
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07331 > R02931 R06564
name:
--- 
- isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase
- 4'-hydroxyisoflavone methyltransferase
- isoflavone methyltransferase
- isoflavone O-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an isoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 4'-O-methylisoflavone [RN:R07331]


entry: 2.1.1.47
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(indol-3-yl)pyruvate C-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01972
kegg_reaction: R01973
name:
--- 
- indolepyruvate C-methyltransferase
- indolepyruvate methyltransferase
- indolepyruvate 3-methyltransferase
- indolepyruvic acid methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:indolepyruvate C-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)pyruvate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-3-(indol-3-yl)-3-oxobutanoate [RN:R01972]


entry: 2.1.1.48
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase
comment: Also methylates 2-aminoadenosine to 2-methylaminoadenosine.
iubmb_reaction: R07232
name:
--- 
- rRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase
- ribosomal ribonucleate adenine 6-methyltransferase
- gene ksgA methyltransferase
- ribonucleic acid-adenine (N6) methylase
- ErmC 23S rRNA methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N6-methyladenine [RN:R07232]


entry: 2.1.1.49
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an amine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated amine [RN:R02808]
iubmb_reaction: R02808 > R02174 R02910
name:
--- 
- amine N-methyltransferase
- nicotine N-methyltransferase
- tryptamine N-methyltransferase
- arylamine N-methyltransferase
- tryptamine methyltransferase

comment:
An enzyme of very broad specificity; many primary, secondary and tertiary amines can act as acceptors, including tryptamine, aniline, nicotine and a variety of drugs and other xenobiotics.


entry: 2.1.1.50
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:loganate 11-O-methyltransferase
comment: Also acts on secologanate. Methylates the 11-carboxy group of the monoterpenoid loganate.
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + loganate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + loganin [RN:R03554]
iubmb_reaction: R03554
kegg_reaction: R05834
name:
--- 
- loganate O-methyltransferase
- loganate methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:loganic acid methyltransferase


entry: 2.1.1.51
name: --- - rRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase - ribosomal ribonucleate guanine 1-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07233
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N1-methylguanine [RN:R07233]


entry: 2.1.1.52
name: --- - rRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase - ribosomal ribonucleate guanine-2-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07234
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine [RN:R07234]


entry: 2.1.1.54
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dCMP C-methyltransferase
reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP = dihydrofolate + deoxy-5-methylcytidylate [RN:R01670]
iubmb_reaction: R01670
name:
--- 
- deoxycytidylate C-methyltransferase
- deoxycytidylate methyltransferase
- dCMP methyltransferase

comment:
dCMP is methylated by formaldehyde in the presence of tetrahydrofolate. CMP, dCTP and CTP can act as acceptors, but more slowly.


entry: 2.1.1.55
name: --- - tRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R00599
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methyladenine [RN:R00599]


entry: 2.1.1.56
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase
comment: R (in the reaction field) may be guanosine or adenosine.
iubmb_reaction: R03805
name:
--- 
- mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase
- messenger ribonucleate guanine 7-methyltransferase
- guanine-7-methyltransferase
- messenger RNA guanine 7-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA (mRNA containing an N7-methylguanine cap) [RN:R03805]


entry: 2.1.1.57
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03922
name:
--- 
- mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase
- messenger ribonucleate nucleoside 2'-methyltransferase
- messenger RNA (nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase

comment:
In the reaction given, R may be guanosine or adenosine. The formation of a 2'-O-methyladenosine cap was formerly listed as EC 2.1.1.58.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA (mRNA containing a 2'-O-methylpurine cap) [RN:R03922]


entry: 2.1.1.58
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: mRNA (adenosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase. Now included with EC 2.1.1.57 mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase. (EC 2.1.1.58 created 1981, deleted 1984)


entry: 2.1.1.59
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[cytochrome c]-L-lysine N6-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04145
kegg_reaction: R03875 R04866 R04867
name:
--- 
- "[cytochrome c]-lysine N-methyltransferase"
- cytochrome c (lysine) methyltransferase
- cytochrome c methyltransferase
- cytochrome c-specific protein methylase III
- cytochrome c-specific protein-lysine methyltransferase

comment:
One of a group of enzymes methylating proteins; see also EC 2.1.1.43 histone-lysine N-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.60 calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R04145]


entry: 2.1.1.60
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:calmodulin-L-lysine N6-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04062
kegg_reaction: R03875 R04866 R04867
name:
--- 
- calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine:calmodulin (lysine) N-methyltransferase

comment:
One of a group of enzymes methylating proteins; see also EC 2.1.1.43 histone-lysine N-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.59 [cytochrome-c]-lysine N-methyltransferase.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + calmodulin L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + calmodulin N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R04062]


entry: 2.1.1.61
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thio-uridylate)-methyltransferase
comment: This enzyme is specific for the terminal methyl group of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate.
iubmb_reaction: R00601
name:
--- 
- tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate)-methyltransferase
- transfer ribonucleate 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate 5-methyltransferase
- tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate 5'-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate [RN:R00601]


entry: 2.1.1.62
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (2'-O-methyladenosine-N6-)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03788
name:
--- 
- mRNA (2'-O-methyladenosine-N6-)-methyltransferase
- messenger ribonucleate 2'-O-methyladenosine N(G)-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppAm = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppm6Am (mRNA containing an N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine cap) [RN:R03788]


entry: 2.1.1.63
name: --- - methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase
sysname: DNA-6-O-methylguanine:[protein]-L-cysteine S-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04314
comment:
This protein is involved in the repair of alkylated DNA. It acts only on the alkylated DNA (cf. EC 3.2.2.20, DNA-3-methyladenine glycosidase I and EC 3.2.2.21, DNA-3-methyladenine glycosidase II). This enzyme catalyses only one turnover and therefore is not strictly catalytic.

reaction:
DNA (containing 6-O-methylguanine) + protein L-cysteine = DNA (without 6-O-methylguanine) + protein S-methyl-L-cysteine [RN:R04314]


entry: 2.1.1.64
iubmb_reaction: R07235
kegg_reaction: R04988 R05614
name:
--- 
- 3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-O-methyltransferase
- 5-demethylubiquinone-9 methyltransferase
- OMHMB-methyltransferase
- 2-Octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy- 1,4-benzoquinone-O-methyltransferase

sysname:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-nonaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1, 4-benzoquinone 3-O-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-9 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-9 [RN:R07235]


entry: 2.1.1.65
name: --- - licodione 2'-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:licodione 2'-O-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + licodione = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methyllicodione [RN:R03623]
iubmb_reaction: R03623
comment:
As well as licodione [1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione], the 2"-hydroxy-derivative and isoliquiritigenin can act as acceptors, but more slowly.


entry: 2.1.1.66
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (adenosine-2'-O)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01675
name:
--- 
- rRNA (adenosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase
- ribosomal ribonucleate adenosine 2'-methyltransferase
- rRNA adenosine 2'-methylase
- RNA-pentose methylase
- thiostrepton-resistance methylase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing a single residue of 2'-O-methyladenosine [RN:R01675]


entry: 2.1.1.67
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:thiopurine S-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03701
name:
--- 
- thiopurine S-methyltransferase
- mercaptopurine methyltransferase
- thiopurine methyltransferase
- 6-thiopurine transmethylase
- TPMT

comment:
Also acts, more slowly, on thiopyrimidines and aromatic thiols. Not identical with EC 2.1.1.9 thiol S-methyltransferase.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiopurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thiopurine S-methylether [RN:R03701]


entry: 2.1.1.68
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate 3-O-methyltransferase
comment: 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde and catechol can act as acceptors, but more slowly.
iubmb_reaction: R03366
kegg_reaction: R02379 R06574 R06575 R06576 R06577
name:
--- 
- caffeate O-methyltransferase
- caffeate methyltransferase
- caffeate 3-O-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate [RN:R03366]


entry: 2.1.1.69
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5-hydroxyfurocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R02882
name:
--- 
- 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase
- furanocoumarin 5-methyltransferase
- furanocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase
- bergaptol 5-O-methyltransferase
- bergaptol O-methyltransferase
- bergaptol methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:bergaptol O-methyltransferase
- BMT
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase

comment:
Converts bergaptol into bergapten, which has therapeutic potential in the treatment of psoriasis as it has photosensitizing and antiproliferative activities [4]. The enzyme methylates the 5-hydroxy group of some hydroxy- and methylcoumarins, but has little activity on non-coumarin phenols [1]. Caffeate, 5-hydroxyferulate and daphnetin are not substrates [4]. Cu2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ cause enzyme inhibition [4]. (see also EC 2.1.1.70, 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase)

reaction:
(1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 5-hydroxyfurocoumarin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 5- methoxyfurocoumarin (general reaction) [RN:R02882]; (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bergaptol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + bergapten


entry: 2.1.1.70
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:8-hydroxyfurocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R02982
name:
--- 
- 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase
- furanocoumarin 8-methyltransferase
- furanocoumarin 8-O-methyl-transferase
- xanthotoxol 8-O-methyltransferase
- XMT
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase

comment:
Converts xanthotoxol into xanthotoxin, which has therapeutic potential in the treatment of psoriasis as it has photosensitizing and antiproliferative activities [4]. Methylates the 8-hydroxy group of some hydroxy- and methylcoumarins, but has little activity on non-coumarin phenols. (see also EC 2.1.1.69, 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase)

reaction:
(1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an 8-hydroxyfurocoumarin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + an 8-methoxyfurocoumarin (general reaction) [RN:R02982]; (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthotoxol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + xanthotoxin


entry: 2.1.1.71
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
comment: The enzyme also catalyses the transfer of a further methyl group, producing phosphatidylcholine.
iubmb_reaction: R03424
kegg_reaction: R01320
name:
--- 
- phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
- phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine methyltransferase
- methyltransferase II
- phospholipid methyltransferase
- PLMT
- phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine methyltransferase
- phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine methyltransferase
- phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase I

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine [RN:R03424]


entry: 2.1.1.72
iubmb_reaction: R02961
name:
--- 
- site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)
- modification methylase
- restriction-modification system

comment:
This is a large group of enzymes, most of which, with enzymes of similar site specificity listed as EC 3.1.21.3 type 1 site-specific deoxyribonuclease, EC 3.1.21.4 type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease or EC 3.1.21.5 type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease, form so-called 'restriction-modification systems'. A complete listing of all of these enzymes has been produced by R.J. Roberts and is available on-line at http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/rebase.html.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine [RN:R02961]


entry: 2.1.1.73
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-specific). Reaction is that of EC 2.1.1.37, DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase. (EC 2.1.1.73 created 1984, deleted 2003)


entry: 2.1.1.74
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyl-transferase
iubmb_reaction: R03704
name:
--- 
- methylenetetrahydrofolate-tRNA-(uracil-5-)-methyltransferase (FADH2-oxidizing)
- folate-dependent ribothymidyl synthase
- methylenetetrahydrofolate-transfer ribonucleate uracil 5-methyltransferase
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:tRNA-UPsiC (uracil-5-)-methyl-transferase

comment:
Up to 25% of the bases in mature tRNA are post-translationally modified or hypermodified. One almost universal post-translational modification is the conversion of U54 (in the TPsiC loop) into ribothymidine (5-methyluridine), and this modification is found in most species studied to date [2]. Unlike this enzyme, which uses 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and FADH2 to supply the atoms for methylation of U54, EC 2.1.1.35, RNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase, uses S-adenosyl-L-methionine.

reaction:
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing uridine at position 54 + FADH2 = tetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing ribothymidine at position 54 + FAD [RN:R03704]


entry: 2.1.1.75
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03571
name:
--- 
- apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase
- flavonoid O-methyltransferase
- flavonoid methyltransferase

comment:
Converts apigenin into acacetin. Naringenin (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavanone) can also act as an acceptor, but more slowly.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone [RN:R03571]


entry: 2.1.1.76
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R02157
kegg_reaction: R05035
name:
--- 
- quercetin 3-O-methyltransferase
- flavonol 3-O-methyltransferase
- flavonoid 3-methyltransferase

comment:
Specific for quercetin. Related enzymes bring about the 3-O-methylation of other flavonols, such as galangin and kaempferol.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone [RN:R02157]


entry: 2.1.1.77
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04190
name:
--- 
- protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase
- protein-L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase
- protein-beta-aspartate O-methyltransferase
- D-aspartyl/L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase
- L-isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein carboxyl methyltransferase
- protein (D-aspartate) methyltransferase
- protein D-aspartate methyltransferase
- protein L-isoaspartate methyltransferase
- protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase
- protein O-methyltransferase (L-isoaspartate)
- L-aspartyl/L-isoaspartyl protein methyltransferase

comment:
D-Aspartate (but not L-aspartate) residues in proteins can also act as acceptors. Previously also listed as EC 2.1.1.24.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-isoaspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-isoaspartate alpha-methyl ester [RN:R04190]


entry: 2.1.1.79
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase (cyclizing)
iubmb_reaction: R03411
name:
--- 
- cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase
- cyclopropane synthetase
- unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase
- cyclopropane synthase
- cyclopropane fatty acid synthase
- cyclopropane fatty acid synthetase
- CFA synthase

comment:
The enzyme adds a methylene group across the 9,10 position of a delta9-olefinic acyl chain in phosphatidylethanolamine or, more slowly, phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidylinositol, forming a cyclopropane derivative (cf. EC 2.1.1.16 methylene-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase).

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid cyclopropane fatty acid [RN:R03411]


entry: 2.1.1.80
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-L-glutamate O-methyltransferase
comment: Forms ester groups with L-glutamate residues in a number of membrane proteins.
iubmb_reaction: R02623
name:
--- 
- protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase
- methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein O-methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine-glutamyl methyltransferase
- methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein methyltransferase II
- S-adenosylmethionine:protein-carboxyl O-methyltransferase
- protein methylase II
- MCP methyltransferase I
- MCP methyltransferase II
- protein O-methyltransferase
- protein(aspartate)methyltransferase
- protein(carboxyl)methyltransferase
- protein carboxyl-methylase
- protein carboxyl-O-methyltransferase
- protein carboxylmethyltransferase II
- protein carboxymethylase
- protein carboxymethyltransferase
- protein methyltransferase II

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-glutamate methyl ester [RN:R02623]


entry: 2.1.1.81
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: nicotine N-methyltransferase. Now included with EC 2.1.1.49 amine N-methyltransferase. (EC 2.1.1.81 created 1989, deleted 1990)


entry: 2.1.1.82
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone 7-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05323
name:
--- 
- 3-methylquercetin 7-O-methyltransferase
- flavonol 7-O-methyltransferase
- flavonol 7-methyltransferase
- 7-OMT
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone 7-O-methyltransferase
- 3-methylquercitin 7-O-methyltransferase [mis-spelt]

comment:
Involved with EC 2.1.1.76 quercetin 3-O-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.83 3,7-dimethylquercetin 4'-O-methyltransferase in the methylation of quercetin to 3,7,4'-trimethylquercetin in Chrysosplenium americanum. Does not act on flavones, dihydroflavonols, or their glucosides.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone [RN:R05323]


entry: 2.1.1.83
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03456
name:
--- 
- 3,7-dimethylquercetin 4'-O-methyltransferase
- flavonol 4'-O-methyltransferase
- flavonol 4'-methyltransferase
- 4'-OMT
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase
- 3,7-dimethylquercitin 4'-O-methyltransferase [mis-spelt]

comment:
3,7-Dimethylquercetagetin can also act as acceptor. Involved with EC 2.1.1.76 quercetin 3-O-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.82 3-methylquercetin 7-O-methyltransferase in the methylation of quercetin to 3,7,4'-trimethylquercetin in Chrysosplenium americanum. Does not act on flavones, dihydroflavonols, or their glucosides.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5,3'-dihydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone [RN:R03456]


entry: 2.1.1.84
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 6-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04505
name:
--- 
- methylquercetagetin 6-O-methyltransferase
- flavonol 6-O-methyltransferase
- flavonol 6-methyltransferase
- 6-OMT
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone 6-O-methyltransferase

comment:
The enzymes from Chrysosplenium americanum also methylates 3,7,3'-trimethylquercetagetin at the 6-position. Does not act on flavones, dihydroflavonols, or their glucosides.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,6,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone [RN:R04505]


entry: 2.1.1.85
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-L-histidine N-tele-methyltransferase
comment: Highly specific for histidine residues, for example, in actin.
iubmb_reaction: R02627
name:
--- 
- protein-histidine N-methyltransferase
- protein methylase IV
- protein (histidine) methyltransferase
- actin-specific histidine methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl methionine:protein-histidine N-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein N(tau)-methyl-L-histidine [RN:R02627]


entry: 2.1.1.86
name: --- - tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase - tetrahydromethanopterin methyltransferase
sysname: 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin:2-mercaptoethanesulfonate 2-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04347
comment:
Involved in the formation of methane from CO in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. Methanopterin is a pterin analogue. The reaction involves the export of one or two sodium ions in Archaea.

reaction:
5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate [RN:R04347]


entry: 2.1.1.88
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,5,7,8,3',4'-hexahydroxyflavone 8-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04398
name:
--- 
- 8-hydroxyquercetin 8-O-methyltransferase
- flavonol 8-O-methyltransferase
- flavonol 8-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,3',4',5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone 8-O-methyltransferase
- 8-hydroxyquercitin 8-O-methyltransferase [mis-spelt]

comment:
Also acts on 8-hydroxykaempferol, but not on the glycosides of 8-hydroxyflavonols. An enzyme from the flower buds of Lotus corniculatus.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,5,7,8,3',4'-hexahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone [RN:R04398]


entry: 2.1.1.89
name: --- - tetrahydrocolumbamine 2-O-methyltransferase - tetrahydrocolumbamine methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:5,8,13,13a-tetrahydrocolumbamine 2-O-methyltransferase
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of the berberine alkaloids.
iubmb_reaction: R04077
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydrocolumbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tetrahydropalmatine [RN:R04077]


entry: 2.1.1.90
sysname: methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Co-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04384
name:
--- 
- methanol-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Co-methyltransferase
- methanol cobalamin methyltransferase
- methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide methyltransferase
- MT 1

comment:
The enzyme from Methanosarcina barkeri contains three-four molecules of bound 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide that act as methyl acceptor. Inactivated by oxygen and other oxidizing agents, and reactivated by catalytic amounts of ATP and hydrogen.

reaction:
methanol + 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide = Co-methyl-Co-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcob(I)amide + H2O [RN:R04384]


entry: 2.1.1.91
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-methylpropanal-oxime O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04169
name:
--- 
- isobutyraldoxime O-methyltransferase
- aldoxime methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine:aldoxime O-methyltransferase
- aldoxime O-methyltransferase

comment:
Oximes of C4 to C6 aldehydes can act as acceptors; the most active substrate is 2-methylbutyroaldoxime.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-methylpropanal oxime = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-methylpropanal O-methyloxime [RN:R04169]


entry: 2.1.1.92
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: bergaptol O-methyltransferase. Now included with EC 2.1.1.69, 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase. The reaction with bergaptol is a specific example of the general reaction associated with EC 2.1.1.69. (EC 2.1.1.92 created 1989, deleted 2006)


entry: 2.1.1.94
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:16-hydroxytabersonine 16-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05885
kegg_reaction: R03229
name:
--- 
- tabersonine 16-O-methyltransferase
- 11-demethyl-17-deacetylvindoline 11-methyltransferase
- 11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline O-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline 11-O-methyltransferase

comment:
Involved in the biosynthesis of vindoline from tabersonine in the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 16-hydroxytabersonine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 16-methoxytabersonine [RN:R05885]


entry: 2.1.1.95
name: --- - tocopherol O-methyltransferase - gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:gamma-tocopherol 5-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07236
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol [RN:R07236]


entry: 2.1.1.96
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:dimethyl-sulfide S-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R02572
name:
--- 
- thioether S-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:thioether S-methyltransferase
- thioether methyltransferase

comment:
Also acts on dimethyl selenide, dimethyl telluride, diethyl sulfide, 1,4-dithiane and many other thioethers.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dimethyl sulfide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylsulfonium [RN:R02572]


entry: 2.1.1.97
name: --- - 3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-C-methyltransferase - 3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-C-methyltransferase
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic actinomycin in Streptomyces antibioticus.
iubmb_reaction: R02667
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hydroxyanthranilate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate [RN:R02667]


entry: 2.1.1.98
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04481
name:
--- 
- diphthine synthase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:elongation factor 2 methyltransferase
- diphthine methyltransferase

comment:
2-[3-Carboxy-3-(methylammonio)propyl]-L-histidine and the corresponding dimethyl compound can also act as acceptors; the trimethylated product, diphthine, is converted into diphthamide by EC 6.3.2.22 diphthine-ammonia ligase.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-[3-carboxy-3-(methylammonio)propyl]-L-histidine [RN:R04481]


entry: 2.1.1.99
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine N-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04013
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine N-methyltransferase
- 16-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine methyltransferase
- NMT
- 16-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine N-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:16-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine N-methyltransferase

comment:
Involved in the biosynthesis of vindoline from tabersonine in the Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + deacetoxyvindoline [RN:R04013]


entry: 2.1.1.100
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-C-terminal-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04496
name:
--- 
- protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase
- farnesyl cysteine C-terminal methyltransferase
- farnesyl-protein carboxymethyltransferase
- protein C-terminal farnesylcysteine O-methyltransferase
- farnesylated protein C-terminal O-methyltransferase
- isoprenylated protein methyltransferase
- prenylated protein methyltransferase
- protein S-farnesylcysteine C-terminal methyltransferase
- S-farnesylcysteine methyltransferase
- prenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase [misleading]
- prenylcysteine carboxymethyltransferase [misleading]
- prenylcysteine methyltransferase

comment:
C-terminal S-geranylgeranylcysteine and S-geranylcysteine residues are also methylated, but more slowly.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester [RN:R04496]


entry: 2.1.1.101
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:macrocin 3"'-O-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + macrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tylosin [RN:R02858]
iubmb_reaction: R02858
name:
--- 
- macrocin O-methyltransferase
- macrocin methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine-macrocin O-methyltransferase

comment:
The 3-hydroxy group of a 2-O-methyl-6-deoxy-D-allose residue in the macrolide antibiotic macrosin acts as methyl acceptor; also converts lactenosin into desmycocin. Not identical with EC 2.1.1.102 demethylmacrocin O-methyltransferase.


entry: 2.1.1.102
name: --- - demethylmacrocin O-methyltransferase - demethylmacrocin methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:demethylmacrocin 2"'-O-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + demethylmacrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + macrocin [RN:R02859]
iubmb_reaction: R02859
comment:
The 2-hydroxy group of a 6-deoxy-D-allose residue in demethylmacrocin acts as a methyl acceptor. Not identical with EC 2.1.1.101 macrocin O-methyltransferase.


entry: 2.1.1.103
name: --- - phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase - phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:ethanolamine-phosphate N-methyltransferase
comment: The enzyme may catalyse the transfer of two further methyl groups to the product.
iubmb_reaction: R02037
kegg_reaction: R06868 R06869
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + ethanolamine phosphate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylethanolamine phosphate [RN:R02037]


entry: 2.1.1.104
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + caffeoyl-CoA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + feruloyl-CoA [RN:R01942]
iubmb_reaction: R01942
kegg_reaction: R06578
name:
--- 
- caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase
- caffeoyl coenzyme A methyltransferase
- caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase
- trans-caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase


entry: 2.1.1.105
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-benzoyl-4-O-hydroxyanthranilate 4-O-methyltransferase
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of phytoalexins.
iubmb_reaction: R04421
name:
--- 
- N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate 4-O-methyltransferase
- N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate 4-methyltransferase
- benzoyl-CoA:anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-benzoyl-4-methoxyanthranilate [RN:R04421]


entry: 2.1.1.106
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:L-tryptophan 2-C-methyltransferase
comment: D-Tryptophan and (indol-3-yl)pyruvate can also act as acceptors, but more slowly.
iubmb_reaction: R00683
name:
--- 
- tryptophan 2-C-methyltransferase
- tryptophan 2-methyltransferase
- S-adenosylmethionine:tryptophan 2-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-tryptophan = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-2-methyltryptophan [RN:R00683]


entry: 2.1.1.107
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07237 R07238
kegg_reaction: R03194 R03947 R03950
name:
--- 
- uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase
- uroporphyrinogen methyltransferase
- uroporphyrinogen-III methyltransferase
- adenosylmethionine-uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent uroporphyrinogen III methylase
- uroporphyrinogen-III methylase
- SirA
- CysG
- CobA [ambiguous-see EC 2.5.1.17]
- SUMT
- uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase (incorrect)
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase (incorrect)

comment:
This enzyme catalyses two sequential methylation reactions, the first forming precorrin-1 and the second leading to the formation of precorrin-2. It is the first of three steps leading to the formation of siroheme from uroporphyrinogen III. The second step involves an NAD+-dependent dehydrogenation to form sirohydrochlorin from precorrin-2 (EC 1.3.1.76, precorrin-2 dehydrogenase) and the third step involves the chelation of Fe2+ to sirohydrochlorin to form siroheme (EC 4.99.1.4, sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the last two steps are carried out by a single bifunctional enzyme, Met8p. In some bacteria, steps 1-3 are catalysed by a single multifunctional protein called CysG, whereas in Bacillus megaterium, three separate enzymes carry out each of the steps, with SirA being responsible for the above reaction. Also involved in the biosynthesis of cobalamin.

reaction:
(1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uroporphyrinogen III = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-1 [RN:R07237]; (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-1 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-2 [RN:R07238]


entry: 2.1.1.108
name: --- - 6-hydroxymellein O-methyltransferase - 6-hydroxymellein methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:6-hydroxymellein 6-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03934
comment:
3,4-Dehydro-6-hydroxymellein can also act as acceptor. 6-Methoxymellein is a phytoalexin produced by carrot tissue.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-hydroxymellein = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 6-methoxymellein [RN:R03934]


entry: 2.1.1.109
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:6-demethylsterigmatocystin 6-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03112
name:
--- 
- demethylsterigmatocystin 6-O-methyltransferase
- demethylsterigmatocystin methyltransferase
- O-methyltransferase I

comment:
Dihydrodemethylsterigmatocystin can also act as acceptor. Involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins in fungi.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-demethylsterigmatocystin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sterigmatocystin [RN:R03112]


entry: 2.1.1.110
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:sterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03111
name:
--- 
- sterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferase
- sterigmatocystin methyltransferase
- O-methyltransferase II
- sterigmatocystin 7-O-methyltransferase (incorrect)
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:sterigmatocystin 7-O-methyltransferase (incorrect)

comment:
Dihydrosterigmatocystin can also act as acceptor. Involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins in fungi.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sterigmatocystin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 8-O-methylsterigmatocystin [RN:R03111]


entry: 2.1.1.111
name: --- - anthranilate N-methyltransferase - anthranilic acid N-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:anthranilate N-methyltransferase
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of acridine alkaloids in plant tissues.
iubmb_reaction: R00984
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + anthranilate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylanthranilate [RN:R00984]


entry: 2.1.1.112
name: --- - glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glucuronoxylan-D-glucuronate 4-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04332
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glucuronoxylan D-glucuronate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronate [RN:R04332]


entry: 2.1.1.113
iubmb_reaction: R03003
name:
--- 
- site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-N4-specific)
- modification methylase
- restriction-modification system
- DNA[cytosine-N4]methyltransferase
- m4C-forming MTase

comment:
This is a large group of enzymes, most of which, with enzymes of similar site specificity listed as EC 3.1.21.3 type 1 site-specific deoxyribonuclease, EC 3.1.21.4 type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease or EC 3.1.21.5 type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease, form so-called 'restriction-modification systems'. A complete listing of all of these enzymes has been produced by R.J. Roberts and is available on-line at http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/rebase.html.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA N4-methylcytosine [RN:R03003]


entry: 2.1.1.114
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxylate O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04711
kegg_reaction: R02175
name:
--- 
- hexaprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase
- 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoate methyltransferase
- dihydroxyhexaprenylbenzoate methyltransferase

comment:
involved in the pathway of ubiquinone synthesis. This enzyme has been listed as EC 2.1.1.64 3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-O-methyltransferase in some sequence databases; but that enzyme catalyses a different reaction.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate [RN:R04711]


entry: 2.1.1.115
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline N-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04713
kegg_reaction: R04692 R05211 R05216
name:
--- 
- (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline N-methyltransferase
- norreticuline N-methyltransferase

comment:
broad substrate specificity for (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines; including coclaurine, norcoclaurine, isococlaurine, norarmepavine, norreticuline and tetrahydropapaverine. Both R- and S-enantiomers are methylated. The enzyme participates in the pathway leading to benzylisoquinoline alkaloid synthesis in plants. The physiological substrate is likely to be coclaurine. The enzyme was earlier termed norreticuline N-methyltransferase. However, norreticuline has not been found to occur in nature and that name does not reflect the broad specificity of the enzyme for (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline [RN:R04713]


entry: 2.1.1.116
name: --- - 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03832
kegg_reaction: R05212
comment:
involved in isoquinoline alkaloid metabolism in plants. The enzyme has also been shown to catalyse the methylation of (RS)-laudanosoline, (S)-3'-hydroxycoclaurine and (RS)-7-O-methylnorlaudanosoline.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-reticuline [RN:R03832]


entry: 2.1.1.117
name: --- - (S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase
comment: the product of this reaction is a precursor for protoberberine alkaloids in plants
iubmb_reaction: R03835
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-scoulerine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine [RN:R03835]


entry: 2.1.1.118
name: --- - columbamine O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:columbamine O-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + columbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + palmatine [RN:R03721]
iubmb_reaction: R03721
comment:
the product of this reaction is a protoberberine alkaloid that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. This enzyme is distinct in specificity from EC 2.1.1.88, 8-hydroxyquercetin 8-O-methyltransferase.


entry: 2.1.1.119
name: --- - 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine 10-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine 10-O-methyltransferase
comment: this reaction is part of the pathway for synthesis of benzophenanthridine alkaloids in plants.
iubmb_reaction: R04707
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydrochelirubine [RN:R04707]


entry: 2.1.1.120
name: --- - 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine 12-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine 12-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04705
comment:
this reaction is part of the pathway for synthesis of benzophenanthridine alkaloid macarpine in plants.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydromacarpine [RN:R04705]


entry: 2.1.1.121
name: --- - 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline 5'-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline 5'-O-methyltransferase
comment: nororientaline is a precursor of the alkaloid papaverine.
iubmb_reaction: R04714
kegg_reaction: R05213
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + nororientaline [RN:R04714]


entry: 2.1.1.122
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase
comment: involved in the biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids in plants.
iubmb_reaction: R04716
kegg_reaction: R04691
name:
--- 
- (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase
- tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cis-N-methyl-(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine [RN:R04716]


entry: 2.1.1.123
name: --- - "[cytochrome-c]-methionine S-methyltransferase"
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[cytochrome c]-methionine S-methyltransferase
comment: the enzyme from Euglena gracilis methylates Met-65 of horse heart cytochrome c.
iubmb_reaction: R04717
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-S-methyl-methionine [RN:R04717]


entry: 2.1.1.124
name: --- - "[cytochrome c]-arginine N-methyltransferase"
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[cytochrome c]-arginine N(omega)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07239
kegg_reaction: R04717
comment:
the enzyme from Euglena gracilis methylates Arg-38 of horse heart cytochrome c to form the N(omega)-monomethyl-arginine derivative. This enzyme was previously listed together with EC 2.1.1.25 phenol O-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.26 iodophenol O-methyltransferase as a single, now deleted, entry: Protein-arginine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.23).

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-N(omega)-methyl-arginine [RN:R07239]


entry: 2.1.1.125
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histone-arginine N(omega)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04718
name:
--- 
- histone-arginine N-methyltransferase
- histone protein methylase I
- nuclear protein (histone) N-methyltransferase
- protein methylase I

comment:
the enzyme forms the N(omega)-monomethyl- and N(omega),N(omega)'-dimethyl, but not the N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-arginine derivatives. The name protein methylase I is misleading since it has been used for a number of enzymes with different specificities.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone-N(omega)-methyl-arginine [RN:R04718]


entry: 2.1.1.126
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[myelin-basic-protein]-arginine N(omega)-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04719
name:
--- 
- "[myelin basic protein]-arginine N-methyltransferase"
- myelin basic protein methylase I
- protein methylase I

comment:
the enzyme from mammalian brain forms the N(omega)-monomethyl-, N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl- and N(omega),N(omega)'-dimethyl-arginine derivatives. The name protein methylase I is misleading since it has been used for a number of enzymes with different specificities.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [myelin basic protein]-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [myelin basic protein]-N(omega)-methyl-arginine [RN:R04719]


entry: 2.1.1.127
iubmb_reaction: R05179
name:
--- 
- "[ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine N-methyltransferase"
- rubisco methyltransferase
- ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase N-methyltransferase
- ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit epsilonN-methyltransferase

sysname:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[3-phospho-D-glycerate-carboxy-lyase (dimerizing)]-lysine N6-methyltransferase

comment:
the enzyme methylates Lys-14 in the large subunits of hexadecameric higher plant ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39).

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-N6-methyl-L-lysine [RN:R05179]


entry: 2.1.1.128
name: --- - (RS)-norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(RS)-norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05162 > R05123
kegg_reaction: R04715 R05214
comment:
the enzyme will also catalyse the 6-O-methylation of (RS)-norlaudanosoline to form 6-O-methyl-norlaudanosoline, but this alkaloid has not been found to occur in plants.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-norcoclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (RS)-coclaurine [RN:R05162]


entry: 2.1.1.129
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1D-myo-inositol 4-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01190
kegg_reaction: R01191
name:
--- 
- inositol 4-methyltransferase
- myo-inositol 4-O-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myo-inositol 4-O-methyltransferase
- myo-inositol 6-O-methyltransferase

comment:
The enzyme from the rice bean Vigna umbellata (Fabaceae) is highly specific for S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The enzyme also methylates 1L-1,2,4/3,5-cyclohexanepentol, 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone, D,L-2,3,4,6/5-pentacyclohexanone and 2,2'-anhydro-2-C-hydroxymethyl-myo-inositol, but at lower rates than that of myo-inositol.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myo-inositol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol [RN:R01190]


entry: 2.1.1.131
name: --- - precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase - precorrin-3 methyltransferase - CobJ
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-3B = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-4 [RN:R05180]
iubmb_reaction: R05180
kegg_reaction: R05809
comment:
In the aerobic cobalamin biosythesis pathway, four enzymes are involved in the conversion of precorrin-3A to precorrin-6A. The first of the four steps is carried out by EC 1.14.13.83, precorrin-3B synthase (CobG), yielding precorrin-3B as the product. This is followed by three methylation reactions, which introduce a methyl group at C-17 (CobJ; EC 2.1.1.131), C-11 (CobM; EC 2.1.1.133) and C-1 (CobF; EC 2.1.1.152) of the macrocycle, giving rise to precorrin-4, precorrin-5 and precorrin-6A, respectively.


entry: 2.1.1.132
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1-precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase (C-12-decarboxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R05149
kegg_reaction: R05813
name:
--- 
- precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase (decarboxylating)
- precorrin-6 methyltransferase
- precorrin-6Y methylase

comment:
the enzyme from Pseudomonas denitrificans has S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase and decarboxylase activities.

reaction:
2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-6Y = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-8X + CO2 [RN:R05149]


entry: 2.1.1.134
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: myo-inositol 6-O-methyltransferase. Now included with EC 2.1.1.129, inositol 4-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.134 created 1999, deleted 2002)


entry: 2.1.1.135
name: --- - Transferred to 1.16.1.8
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.16.1.8 [methionine synthase] reductase. (EC 2.1.1.135 created 1999, deleted 2003)


entry: 2.1.1.136
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:trichlorophenol O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05754
name:
--- 
- chlorophenol O-methyltransferase
- halogenated phenol O-methyltransferase, trichlorophenol O-methyltransferase

comment:
The enzyme from Trichoderma virgatum, when cultured in the presence of halogenated phenol, also acts on a range of mono-, di- and trichlorophenols.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trichlorophenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trichloroanisole [RN:R05754]


entry: 2.1.1.137
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenite As-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05755 R05756
name:
--- 
- arsenite methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenic(III) methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:methylarsonite As-methyltransferase
- methylarsonite methyltransferase

comment:
An enzyme of the biotransformation pathway that forms dimethylarsinate from inorganic arsenite and arsenate. It methylates arsenite to form methylarsonate, Me-AsO3H2, which is reduced by EC 1.20.4.2, methylarsonate reductase, to methylarsonite, Me-As(OH)2. Methylarsonite is also a substrate for this enzyme (EC 2.1.1.137), which converts it into the much less toxic compound dimethylarsinate (cacodylate), Me2As(O)-OH.

reaction:
(1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + arsenite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methylarsonate [RN:R05755]; (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methylarsonite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethylarsinate [RN:R05756]


entry: 2.1.1.138
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: methylarsonite methyltransferase. Reaction due to EC 2.1.1.137, methylarsonite methyltransferase. (EC 2.1.1.138 created 2000, deleted 2003)


entry: 2.1.1.139
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3'-demethylstaurosporine O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05757
name:
--- 
- 3'-demethylstaurosporine O-methyltransferase
- 3'-demethoxy-3'-hydroxystaurosporine O-methyltransferase
- staurosporine synthase

comment:
Catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of staurosporine, an alkaloidal antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, especially protein kinase C.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-demethylstaurosporine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + staurosporine [RN:R05757]


entry: 2.1.1.140
name: --- - (S)-coclaurine-N-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-coclaurine-N-methyltransferase
comment: The enzyme is specific for the (S)-isomer of coclaurine. Norcoclaurine can also act as an acceptor.
iubmb_reaction: R04692
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-N-methylcoclaurine [RN:R04692]


entry: 2.1.1.141
name: --- - jasmonate O-methyltransferase - jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:jasmonate O-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + jasmonate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl jasmonate [RN:R05759]
iubmb_reaction: R05759
comment:
9,10-Dihydrojasmonic acid is a poor substrate for the enzyme. The enzyme does not convert 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (a precursor of jasmonic acid), salicylic acid, benzoic acid, linolenic acid or cinnamic acid into their corresponding methyl esters. Enzyme activity is inhibited by the presence of divalent cations, e.g., Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+.


entry: 2.1.1.142
name: --- - cycloartenol 24-C-methyltransferase - sterol C-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:cycloartenol 24-C-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05760
comment:
Comments S-Adenosyl-L-methionine methylates the Si face of the 24(25)-double bond with elimination of a hydrogen atom from the pro-Z methyl group at C-25.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (24R)-24-methylcycloart-25-en-3beta-ol [RN:R05760]


entry: 2.1.1.143
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:24-methylenelophenol C-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05776
name:
--- 
- 24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase
- SMT2
- 24-methylenelophenol C-24(1)-methyltransferase

comment:
This is the second methylation step of plant sterol biosynthesis (cf EC 2.1.1.142, cycloartenol 24-C-methyltransferase).

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 24-methylenelophenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol [RN:R05776]


entry: 2.1.1.144
name: --- - trans-aconitate 2-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate 2'-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05763
comment:
Also catalyses the formation of the methyl monoester of cis-aconitate, isocitrate and citrate, but more slowly. While the enzyme from Escherichia coli forms (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-pent-2-enedioate as the product, that from Saccharomyces cerevisiae forms (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)butenedioate and is therefore classified as a separate enzyme (cf. EC 2.1.1.145, trans-aconitate 3-methyltransferase).

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-aconitate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate [RN:R05763]


entry: 2.1.1.145
name: --- - trans-aconitate 3-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate 3'-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05764
comment:
Also catalyses the formation of the methyl monoester of cis-aconitate, isocitrate and citrate, but more slowly. While the enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae forms (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)butenedioate as the product, that from Escherichia coli forms (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-pent-2-enedioate and is therefore classified as a separate enzyme (cf. EC 2.1.1.144, trans-aconitate 2-methyltransferase)

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-aconitate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)butenedioate [RN:R05764]


entry: 2.1.1.147
name: --- - corydaline synthase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protoberberine 13-C-methyltransferase
comment: Also acts on 7,8-dihydropalmatine.
iubmb_reaction: R07241
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + palmatine + 2 NADPH + H+ = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + corydaline + 2 NADP+ [RN:R07241]


entry: 2.1.1.148
name: --- - thymidylate synthase (FAD) - Thy1 - ThyX
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate,FADH2:dUMP C-methyltransferase
reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP + FADH2 = dTMP + tetrahydrofolate + FAD [RN:R06613]
iubmb_reaction: R06613
comment:
FMN can replace FAD. Reaction shown is distinct from that of the classical thymidylate synthase, ThyA (EC 2.1.1.45).


entry: 2.1.1.149
name: --- - myricetin O-methyltransferase - CrCOMT2 - flavonoid 3',5'-O-dimethyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myricetin O-methyltransferase
reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin [RN:R06815 R06816]
iubmb_reaction: R06815 R06816
comment:
The enzyme from Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) is unusual as it carries out two methylations of the same substrate. Also catalyses the methylation of dihydromyricetin.


entry: 2.1.1.150
name: --- - isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:hydroxyisoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07375 > R06794
comment:
The enzyme from alfalfa can methylate daidzein, genistein and 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone but not flavones or flavanones.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone [RN:R07375]


entry: 2.1.1.151
name: --- - cobalt-factor II C20-methyltransferase - CbiL
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:cobalt-factor-II C20-methyltransferase
comment: Involved in the anaerobic biosynthesis of vitamin B12.
iubmb_reaction: R05808
reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III [RN:R05808]


entry: 2.1.1.152
name: --- - precorrin-6A synthase (deacetylating) - precorrin-6X synthase (deacetylating) - CobF
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:precorrin-5 C1-methyltransferase (deacetylating)
iubmb_reaction: R05219
comment:
In the aerobic cobalamin biosythesis pathway, four enzymes are involved in the conversion of precorrin-3A to precorrin-6A. The first of the four steps is carried out by EC 1.14.13.83, precorrin-3B synthase (CobG), yielding precorrin-3B as the product. This is followed by three methylation reactions, which introduce a methyl group at C-17 (CobJ; EC 2.1.1.131), C-11 (CobM; EC 2.1.1.133) and C-1 (CobF; EC 2.1.1.152) of the macrocycle, giving rise to precorrin-4, precorrin-5 and precorrin-6A, respectively.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-5 + H2O = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-6A + acetate [RN:R05219]


entry: 2.1.1.153
name: --- - vitexin 2"-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:vitexin-2"-O-beta-L-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R06824
comment:
The flavonoids vitexin and isovitexin 2"-O-arabinoside do not act as substrates for the enzyme from oats (Avena sativa).

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + vitexin 2"-O-beta-L-rhamnoside = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-O-methylvitexin 2"-O-beta-L-rhamnoside [RN:R06824]


entry: 2.1.1.154
name: --- - isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase - chalcone OMT - CHMT
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07242
comment:
Not identical to EC 2.1.1.65, licodione 2'-O-methyltransferase [2]. While EC 2.1.1.154, isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase can use licodione as a substrate, EC 2.1.1.65 cannot use isoliquiritigenin as a substrate.

reaction:
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoliquiritigenin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin [RN:R07242]


entry: 2.1.1.155
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase
reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + kaempferol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + kaempferide [RN:R06807]
iubmb_reaction: R06807
name:
--- 
- kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine:flavonoid 4'-O-methyltransferase
- F 4'-OMT

comment:
The enzyme acts on the hydroxy group in the 4'-position of some flavones, flavanones and isoflavones. Kaempferol, apigenin and kaempferol triglucoside are substrates, as is genistein, which reacts more slowly. Compounds with an hydroxy group in the 3' and 4' positions, such as quercetin and eriodictyol, do not act as substrates. Similar to EC 2.1.1.75, apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.83, 3,7-dimethylquercetin 4'-O-methyltransferase.


entry: 2.1.1.156
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:sarcosine N-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R00367 R07243
name:
--- 
- glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase
- ApGSMT
- glycine-sarcosine methyltransferase
- GSMT
- GMT
- glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase

comment:
Cells of the oxygen-evolving halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanocthece halophytica synthesize betaine from glycine by a three-step methylation process. This is the first enzyme and it leads to the formation of either sarcosine or N,N-dimethylglycine, which is further methylated to yield betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) by the action of EC 2.1.1.157, sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase. Differs from EC 2.1.1.20, glycine N-methyltransferase, as it can further methylate the product of the first reaction. Acetate, dimethylglycine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine can inhibit the reaction [3].

reaction:
(1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine [RN:R00367]; (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine [RN:R07243]


entry: 2.1.1.157
sysname: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N,N-dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07243 R07244
name:
--- 
- sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase
- ApDMT
- sarcosine-dimethylglycine methyltransferase
- SDMT
- sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase

comment:
Cells of the oxygen-evolving halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanocthece halophytica synthesize betaine from glycine by a three-step methylation process. The first enzyme, EC 2.1.1.156, glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase, leads to the formation of either sarcosine or N,N-dimethylglycine, which is further methylated to yield betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) by the action of this enzyme. Both of these enzymes can catalyse the formation of N,N-dimethylglycine from sarcosine [3]. The reactions are strongly inhibited by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.

reaction:
(1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine [RN:R07243]; (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine [RN:R07244]


entry: 2.1.1.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) L-Histidine + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine <=> N(pi)-Methyl-L-histidine + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine [RN:R01159]; (2) 3-Hydroxyanthranilate + Activated methyl group <=> 3-Methoxyanthranilate [RN:R02671]; (3) 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol + Activated methyl group <=> 5-Methoxytryptamine [RN:R02912]; (4) N-Methyltyramine + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine <=> Hordenine + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine [RN:R03943]; (5) Xanthurenic acid <=> 8-Methoxykynurenate [RN:R03955]; (6) 2-Hydroxyestradiol-17beta + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 2-Methoxyestradiol-17beta + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine [RN:R04764]; (7) R + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine <=> CH3-R + Se-Adenosylselenohomocysteine [RN:R04939]; (8) 2-Hexaprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 2-Hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine [RN:R04981]; (9) 2-Hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 2-Hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine [RN:R04983]; (10) 2-Octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 2-Octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine [RN:R04990]; (11) 2-Demethylmenaquinone + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine <=> Menaquinone + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine [RN:R04993]; (12) 2-Demethylmenaquinone + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine <=> Phylloquinol + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine [RN:R04994]; (13) 2-Hydroxypropylphosphonate + Vitamin B12 <=> Methylcobalamin + Phosphonoacetaldehyde [RN:R05201]; (14) 1-Phenanthrol + CH3-R <=> 1-Methoxyphenanthrene + R [RN:R05657]; (15) Cobalt-precorrin 5 + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O <=> Cobalt-precorrin 6 + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine + Acetaldehyde [RN:R05811]; (16) 2-Phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine <=> Phylloquinone + S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine [RN:R06859]


entry: 2.1.2.1
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine [RN:R00945]
iubmb_reaction: R00945
kegg_reaction: R03284
name:
--- 
- glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
- serine aldolase
- threonine aldolase
- serine hydroxymethylase
- serine hydroxymethyltransferase
- allothreonine aldolase
- L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase
- L-threonine aldolase
- serine transhydroxymethylase

comment:
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. Also catalyses the reaction of glycine with acetaldehyde to form L-threonine, and with 4-trimethylammoniobutanal to form 3-hydroxy-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.


entry: 2.1.2.2
sysname: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide N-formyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04325
kegg_reaction: R04326
name:
--- 
- phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase
- 2-amino-N-ribosylacetamide 5'-phosphate transformylase
- GAR formyltransferase
- GAR transformylase
- glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase
- GAR TFase
- 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate:2-amino-N-ribosylacetamide ribonucleotide transformylase

reaction:
10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide [RN:R04325]


entry: 2.1.2.3
sysname: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazole-carb oxamide N-formyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04560
name:
--- 
- phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase
- 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase
- AICAR transformylase
- 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4- imidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase
- 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase
- 5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarboxamide 5'-phosphate transformylase
- 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribotide transformylase
- AICAR formyltransferase
- aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase

reaction:
10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide [RN:R04560]


entry: 2.1.2.4
sysname: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate:glycine N-formimidoyltransferase
reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + glycine = tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoylglycine [RN:R02729]
iubmb_reaction: R02729
name:
--- 
- glycine formimidoyltransferase
- formiminoglycine formiminotransferase
- FIG formiminotransferase
- glycine formiminotransferase


entry: 2.1.2.5
sysname: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formimidoyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R02287
kegg_reaction: R03189
name:
--- 
- glutamate formimidoyltransferase
- glutamate formyltransferase
- formiminoglutamic acid transferase
- formiminoglutamic formiminotransferase
- glutamate formiminotransferase

comment:
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. Also catalyses formyl transfer from 5-formyltetrahydrofolate to L-glutamate (a reaction formerly listed as EC 2.1.2.6). In eukaryotes, it occurs as a bifunctional enzyme that also has formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase (EC 4.3.1.4) activity.

reaction:
5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate = tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate [RN:R02287]


entry: 2.1.2.6
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: glutamate formyltransferase. Now included with EC 2.1.2.5 glutamate formiminotransferase. (EC 2.1.2.6 created 1965, deleted 1984)


entry: 2.1.2.8
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:deoxycytidylate 5-hydroxymethyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01669
name:
--- 
- deoxycytidylate 5-hydroxymethyltransferase
- dCMP hydroxymethylase
- d-cytidine 5'-monophosphate hydroxymethylase
- deoxyCMP hydroxymethylase
- deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase
- deoxycytidylic hydroxymethylase

reaction:
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + H2O + deoxycytidylate = tetrahydrofolate + 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate [RN:R01669]


entry: 2.1.2.9
sysname: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:L-methionyl-tRNA N-formyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03940
name:
--- 
- methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase
- N10-formyltetrahydrofolic-methionyl-transfer ribonucleic transformylase
- formylmethionyl-transfer ribonucleic synthetase
- methionyl ribonucleic formyltransferase
- methionyl-tRNA Met formyltransferase
- methionyl-tRNA transformylase
- methionyl-transfer RNA transformylase
- methionyl-transfer ribonucleate methyltransferase
- methionyl-transfer ribonucleic transformylase

reaction:
10-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-methionyl-tRNA(fMet) + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) [RN:R03940]


entry: 2.1.2.10
iubmb_reaction: (other) R01221 R02300 R04125
kegg_reaction: R01221 R02300 R04125
name:
--- 
- aminomethyltransferase
- S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein:(6S)-tetrahydrofolate aminomethyltransferase (ammonia-forming)
- T-protein
- glycine synthase
- tetrahydrofolate aminomethyltransferase

sysname:
[protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine:tetrahydrofolate aminomethyltransferase (ammonia-forming)

comment:
A component, with EC 1.4.4.2 glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) and EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenanse, of the glycine cleavage system, formerly known as glycine synthase. The glycine cleavage system is composed of four components that only loosely associate: the P protein (EC 1.4.4.2), the T protein (EC 2.1.2.10), the L protein (EC 1.8.1.4) and the lipoyl-bearing H protein [3]

reaction:
[protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + tetrahydrofolate = protein-dihydrolipoyllysine + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3


entry: 2.1.2.11
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01226
name:
--- 
- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase
- alpha-ketoisovalerate hydroxymethyltransferase
- dehydropantoate hydroxymethyltransferase
- ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase
- oxopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase
- 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate:alpha-ketoisovalerate hydroxymethyltransferase

reaction:
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate [RN:R01226]


entry: 2.1.2.12
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: now EC 2.1.1.74 methylenetetrahydrofolate-tRNA-(uracil-5-)-methyltransferase (FADH2-oxidizing) (EC 2.1.2.12 created 1983, deleted 1984)


entry: 2.1.2.-
name: --- []
reaction:
Formate + ATP + 5'-Phosphoribosylglycinamide <=> ADP + Orthophosphate + 5'-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide [RN:R06974]


entry: 2.1.3.1
sysname: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase
comment: A biotinyl-protein, containing cobalt and zinc.
reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + pyruvate = propanoyl-CoA + oxaloacetate [RN:R00930]
iubmb_reaction: R00930
kegg_reaction: R00353
name:
--- 
- methylmalonyl-CoA carboxytransferase
- transcarboxylase
- methylmalonyl coenzyme A carboxyltransferase
- methylmalonyl-CoA transcarboxylase
- oxalacetic transcarboxylase
- methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase
- (S)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxyltransferase
- (S)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase carboxytransferase [incorrect]


entry: 2.1.3.2
sysname: carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase
reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = phosphate + N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate [RN:R01397]
iubmb_reaction: R01397
name:
--- 
- aspartate carbamoyltransferase
- carbamylaspartotranskinase
- aspartate transcarbamylase
- aspartate carbamyltransferase
- aspartic acid transcarbamoylase
- aspartic carbamyltransferase
- aspartic transcarbamylase
- L-aspartate transcarbamoylase
- L-aspartate transcarbamylase
- carbamoylaspartotranskinase
- aspartate transcarbamoylase
- ATCase


entry: 2.1.3.3
sysname: carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase
reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + L-ornithine = phosphate + L-citrulline [RN:R01398]
iubmb_reaction: R01398
name:
--- 
- ornithine carbamoyltransferase
- citrulline phosphorylase
- ornithine transcarbamylase
- OTC
- carbamylphosphate-ornithine transcarbamylase
- L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase
- L-ornithine carbamyltransferase
- L-ornithine transcarbamylase
- ornithine carbamyltransferase

comment:
The plant enzyme also catalyses the reactions of EC 2.1.3.6 putrescine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.7.2.2 carbamate kinase and EC 3.5.3.12 agmatine deiminase, thus acting as putrescine synthase, converting agmatine [(4-aminobutyl)guanidine] and ornithine into putrescine and citrulline, respectively.


entry: 2.1.3.6
sysname: carbamoyl-phosphate:putrescine carbamoyltransferase
reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + putrescine = phosphate + N-carbamoylputrescine [RN:R01399]
iubmb_reaction: R01399
name:
--- 
- putrescine carbamoyltransferase
- PTCase
- putrescine synthase
- putrescine transcarbamylase

comment:
The plant enzyme also catalyses the reactions of EC 2.1.3.3 ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.7.2.2 carbamate kinase and EC 3.5.3.12 agmatine deiminase, thus acting as putrescine synthase, converting agmatine [(4-aminobutyl)guanidine] and ornithine into putrescine and citrulline, respectively.


entry: 2.1.3.7
name: --- - 3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase
sysname: carbamoyl-phosphate:3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate carbamoyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04281
comment:
Acts on a wide range of 3-hydroxymethylcephems (a subclass of the cephalosporin antibiotics). Activated by ATP.

reaction:
carbamoyl phosphate + a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate = phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem [RN:R04281]


entry: 2.1.3.9
sysname: carbamoyl-phosphate:N2-acetyl-L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase
reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + N2-acetyl-L-ornithine = phosphate + N-acetyl-L-citrulline [RN:R07245]
iubmb_reaction: R07245
name:
--- 
- N-acetylornithine carbamoyltransferase
- acetylornithine transcarbamylase
- N-acetylornithine transcarbamylase
- AOTC

comment:
Differs from EC 2.1.3.3, ornithine carbamoyltransferase. This enzyme replaces EC 2.1.3.3 in the canonic arginine biosynthetic pathway of several Eubacteria and has no catalytic activity with L-ornithine as substrate.


entry: 2.1.3.-
name: --- []
reaction:
Deacetylcephalosporin C + Carbamoyl phosphate <=> O-Carbamoyl-deacetylcephalosporin C + Orthophosphate [RN:R05230]


entry: 2.1.4.1
sysname: L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
comment: Canavanine can act instead of arginine. Formerly EC 2.6.2.1.
reaction: L-arginine + glycine = L-ornithine + guanidinoacetate [RN:R00565]
iubmb_reaction: R00565
kegg_reaction: R01989
name:
--- 
- glycine amidinotransferase
- arginine-glycine amidinotransferase
- arginine-glycine transamidinase
- glycine transamidinase


entry: 2.1.4.2
sysname: L-arginine:1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol-4-phosphate amidinotransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03477
name:
--- 
- scyllo-inosamine-4-phosphate amidinotransferase
- L-arginine:inosamine-P-amidinotransferase
- inosamine-P amidinotransferase
- L-arginine:inosamine phosphate amidinotransferase
- inosamine-phosphate amidinotransferase

comment:
1D-1-Guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol 6-phosphate, streptamine phosphate and 2-deoxystreptamine phosphate can also act as acceptors; canavanine can act as donor.

reaction:
L-arginine + 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate = L-ornithine + 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate [RN:R03477]


entry: 2.2.1.1
name: --- - transketolase - glycolaldehydetransferase
sysname: sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehydetransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07246 > R01641
kegg_reaction: R01067 R01830 R06590 R06861 R06863
comment:
A thiamine-diphosphate protein. Wide specificity for both reactants, e.g. converts hydroxypyruvate and R-CHO into CO2 and R-CHOH-CO-CH2OH. Transketolase from Alkaligenes faecalis shows high activity with D-erythrose as acceptor.

reaction:
sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-xylulose 5-phosphate [RN:R07246]


entry: 2.2.1.2
sysname: sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07378 > R01827
name:
--- 
- transaldolase
- dihydroxyacetonetransferase
- dihydroxyacetone synthase
- formaldehyde transketolase

reaction:
sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate [RN:R07378]


entry: 2.2.1.3
name: --- - formaldehyde transketolase - dihydroxyacetone synthase
sysname: D-xylulose-5-phosphate:formaldehyde glycolaldehydetransferase
reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone
iubmb_reaction: (other) R06861 R06862
kegg_reaction: R06861 R06862
comment:
A thiamine-diphosphate protein. Not identical with EC 2.2.1.1 transketolase. Also converts hydroxypyruvate and formaldehyde into glycerone and CO2.


entry: 2.2.1.4
sysname: 3-hydroxybutan-2-one:D-ribose-5-phosphate aldehydetransferase
comment: A thiamine-diphosphate protein.
iubmb_reaction: R02345
name:
--- 
- acetoin-ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase
- 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose-7-phosphate synthetase
- 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose-7-phosphate synthase
- 3-hydroxybutan-2-one:D-ribose-5-phosphate aldehydetransferase [wrong substrate name]

reaction:
3-hydroxybutan-2-one + D-ribose 5-phosphate = acetaldehyde + 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose 7-phosphate [RN:R02345]


entry: 2.2.1.5
sysname: 2-oxoglutarate:glyoxylate succinaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + glyoxylate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate + CO2 [RN:R00474]
iubmb_reaction: R00474
name:
--- 
- 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase
- 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate glyoxylate-lyase (carboxylating)
- alpha-ketoglutaric-glyoxylic carboligase
- "oxoglutarate: glyoxylate carboligase"

comment:
The bacterial enzyme requires thiamine diphosphate. The product decarboxylates to 5-hydroxy-4-oxopentanoate. The enzyme can decarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate. Acetaldehyde can replace glyoxylate.


entry: 2.2.1.6
sysname: pyruvate:pyruvate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
reaction: 2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO2 [RN:R00006]
iubmb_reaction: R00006 > R00226
kegg_reaction: R00014 R03050 R04672 R04673
name:
--- 
- acetolactate synthase
- alpha-acetohydroxy acid synthetase
- alpha-acetohydroxyacid synthase
- alpha-acetolactate synthase
- alpha-acetolactate synthetase
- acetohydroxy acid synthetase
- acetohydroxyacid synthase
- acetolactate pyruvate-lyase (carboxylating)
- acetolactic synthetase

comment:
This enzyme requires thiamine diphosphate. The reaction shown is in the pathway of biosynthesis of valine; the enzyme can also transfer the acetaldehyde from pyruvate to 2-oxobutanoate, forming 2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutanoate, also known as 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate, a reaction in the biosynthesis of isoleucine.


entry: 2.2.1.7
sysname: pyruvate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
reaction: pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2 [RN:R05636]
iubmb_reaction: R05636
name:
--- 
- 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase
- 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pyruvate-lyase (carboxylating)
- DXP-synthase


entry: 2.2.1.8
name: --- - fluorothreonine transaldolase
sysname: fluoroacetaldehyde:L-threonine aldehydetransferase
reaction: L-threonine + fluoroacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + 4-fluoro-L-threonine [RN:R07247]
iubmb_reaction: R07247
comment:
A pyridoxal phosphate protein. Can also convert chloroacetaldehyde into 4-chloro-L-threonine. Unlike EC 2.1.2.1, glycine hydroxymethyltransferase, does not use glycine as a substrate.


entry: 2.3.1.1
sysname: acetyl-CoA:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase
comment: Also acts with L-aspartate and, more slowly, with some other amino acids.
reaction: acetyl-CoA + L-glutamate = CoA + N-acetyl-L-glutamate [RN:R00259]
iubmb_reaction: R00259
name:
--- 
- amino-acid N-acetyltransferase
- N-acetylglutamate synthase
- AGAS
- acetylglutamate acetylglutamate synthetase
- acetylglutamic synthetase
- amino acid acetyltransferase
- N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthetase
- N-acetylglutamate synthetase


entry: 2.3.1.4
sysname: acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + D-glucosamine 6-phosphate = CoA + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate [RN:R02058]
iubmb_reaction: R02058
name:
--- 
- glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
- phosphoglucosamine transacetylase
- phosphoglucosamine acetylase
- glucosamine-6-phosphate acetylase
- D-glucosamine-6-P N-acetyltransferase
- aminodeoxyglucosephosphate acetyltransferase
- glucosamine 6-phosphate acetylase
- glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
- N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate synthase
- phosphoglucosamine N-acetylase
- glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.5
sysname: acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + an arylamine = CoA + an N-acetylarylamine [RN:R02387]
iubmb_reaction: R02387
name:
--- 
- arylamine N-acetyltransferase
- arylamine acetylase
- beta-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase
- 4-aminobiphenyl N-acetyltransferase
- acetyl CoA-arylamine N-acetyltransferase
- 2-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase
- arylamine acetyltransferase
- indoleamine N-acetyltransferase
- N-acetyltransferase
- p-aminosalicylate N-acetyltransferase
- serotonin acetyltransferase
- serotonin N-acetyltransferase

comment:
Wide specificity for aromatic amines, including serotonin; also catalyses acetyl-transfer between arylamines without CoA.


entry: 2.3.1.7
sysname: acetyl-CoA:carnitine O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine = CoA + O-acetylcarnitine [RN:R02396]
iubmb_reaction: R02396
name:
--- 
- carnitine O-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA-carnitine O-acetyltransferase
- acetylcarnitine transferase
- carnitine acetyl coenzyme A transferase
- carnitine acetylase
- carnitine acetyltransferase
- carnitine-acetyl-CoA transferase
- CATC

comment:
Also acts on propanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA (cf. EC 2.3.1.21 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase and EC 2.3.1.137 carnitine O-octanoyltransferase).


entry: 2.3.1.9
sysname: acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase
reaction: 2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA [RN:R00238]
iubmb_reaction: R00238
kegg_reaction: R01177
name:
--- 
- acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase
- acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase
- beta-acetoacetyl coenzyme A thiolase
- 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase [misleading]
- 3-oxothiolase
- acetyl coenzyme A thiolase
- acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:N-acetyltransferase
- thiolase II


entry: 2.3.1.11
sysname: acetyl-CoA:2-aminoethanethiol S-acetyltransferase
comment: 2-Sulfanylethanol (2-mercaptoethanol) can act as a substrate [1].
reaction: acetyl-CoA + 2-aminoethanethiol = CoA + S-(2-aminoethyl)thioacetate [RN:R03668]
iubmb_reaction: R03668
name:
--- 
- thioethanolamine S-acetyltransferase
- thioltransacetylase B
- thioethanolamine acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:thioethanolamine S-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.12
sysname: enzyme-dihydrolipoyllysine:acetyl-CoA S-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-acetyldihydrolipoyl)lysine
iubmb_reaction: (other) R00209 R00210 R02569
kegg_reaction: R00209 R00210 R02569
name:
--- 
- dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase
- dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase
- dihydrolipoate acetyltransferase
- dihydrolipoic transacetylase
- dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase
- lipoate acetyltransferase
- lipoate transacetylase
- lipoic acetyltransferase
- lipoic acid acetyltransferase
- lipoic transacetylase
- lipoylacetyltransferase
- thioltransacetylase A
- transacetylase X

comment:
A multimer (24-mer or 60-mer, depending on the source) of this enzyme forms the core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex, and binds tightly both EC 1.2.4.1, pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) and EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. The lipoyl group of this enzyme is reductively acetylated by EC 1.2.4.1, and the only observed direction catalysed by EC 2.3.1.12 is that where the acetyl group is passed to coenzyme A.


entry: 2.3.1.13
name: --- - glycine N-acyltransferase - glycine acyltransferase - glycine-N-acylase
sysname: acyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine [RN:R00395]
iubmb_reaction: R00395
comment:
The CoA derivatives of a number of aliphatic and aromatic acids, but not phenylacetyl-CoA or (indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA, can act as donor. Not identical with EC 2.3.1.68 glutamine N-acyltransferase or EC 2.3.1.71 glycine N-benzoyltransferase.


entry: 2.3.1.14
sysname: phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine [RN:R02576]
iubmb_reaction: R02576
kegg_reaction: R04776
name:
--- 
- glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase
- glutamine phenylacetyltransferase
- phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine N-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.15
sysname: acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate [RN:R00851]
iubmb_reaction: R00851 > R02617
name:
--- 
- glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase
- alpha-glycerophosphate acyltransferase
- 3-glycerophosphate acyltransferase
- ACP:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
- glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase
- glycerol phosphate acyltransferase
- glycerol phosphate transacylase
- glycerophosphate acyltransferase
- glycerophosphate transacylase
- sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase
- sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase

comment:
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] can also act as acyl donor. The enzyme acts only on derivatives of fatty acids of chain length above C10


entry: 2.3.1.16
sysname: acyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA [RN:R00391]
iubmb_reaction: R00391 > R00238 R00829 R00927 R01177 R03778 R03858 R03991 R04742 R04747
kegg_reaction: R03719 R04546 R04811
name:
--- 
- acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
- beta-ketothiolase
- 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
- KAT
- beta-ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase
- beta-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
- beta-ketoadipyl coenzyme A thiolase
- beta-ketoadipyl-CoA thiolase
- 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase
- 3-ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase
- 3-ketoacyl thiolase
- 3-ketothiolase
- 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
- 3-oxoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase
- 6-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
- acetoacetyl-CoA beta-ketothiolase
- acetyl-CoA acyltransferase
- ketoacyl-CoA acyltransferase
- ketoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase
- long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
- oxoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase
- pro-3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
- thiolase I
- 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase [misleading]


entry: 2.3.1.17
sysname: acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + L-aspartate = CoA + N-acetyl-L-aspartate [RN:R00487]
iubmb_reaction: R00487
name:
--- 
- aspartate N-acetyltransferase
- aspartate acetyltransferase
- L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.18
sysname: acetyl-CoA:beta-D-galactoside 6-acetyltransferase
comment: Acts on thiogalactosides and phenylgalactoside.
reaction: acetyl-CoA + a beta-D-galactoside = CoA + a 6-acetyl-beta-D-galactoside [RN:R02616]
iubmb_reaction: R02616
name:
--- 
- galactoside O-acetyltransferase
- thiogalactoside acetyltransferase
- galactoside acetyltransferase
- thiogalactoside transacetylase


entry: 2.3.1.20
sysname: acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase
comment: Palmitoyl-CoA and other long-chain acyl-CoAs can act as donors.
reaction: acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CoA + triacylglycerol [RN:R02251]
iubmb_reaction: R02251 > R02694
name:
--- 
- diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase
- diglyceride acyltransferase
- 1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase
- diacylglycerol acyltransferase
- diglyceride O-acyltransferase
- palmitoyl-CoA-sn-1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.21
sysname: palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine [RN:R01923]
iubmb_reaction: R01923
kegg_reaction: R01046
name:
--- 
- carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
- CPT
- CPTo
- outer malonyl-CoA inhibitable carnitine palmitoyltransferase
- CPTi
- CPT I (outer membrane carnitine palmitoyl transferase)
- carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
- carnitine palmitoyltransferase II
- CPT-A
- CPT-B
- acylcarnitine transferase
- carnitine palmitoyltransferase
- carnitine palmitoyltransferase-A
- L-carnitine palmitoyltransferase
- palmitoylcarnitine transferase

comment:
Broad specificity to acyl group, over the range C8 to C18; optimal activity with palmitoyl-CoA. cf. EC 2.3.1.7 carnitine O-acetyltransferase and EC 2.3.1.137 carnitine O-octanoyltransferase.


entry: 2.3.1.22
sysname: acyl-CoA:2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + 2-acylglycerol = CoA + diacylglycerol [RN:R01368]
iubmb_reaction: R01368 > R03838
kegg_reaction: R03755 R03756
name:
--- 
- 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase
- acylglycerol palmitoyltransferase
- monoglyceride acyltransferase
- acyl coenzyme A-monoglyceride acyltransferase
- monoacylglycerol acyltransferase

comment:
Various 2-acylglycerols can act as acceptor; palmitoyl-CoA and other long-chain acyl-CoAs can act as donors. The sn-1 position and the sn-3 position are both acylated, at about the same rate.


entry: 2.3.1.23
sysname: acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01318
kegg_reaction: R04480
name:
--- 
- 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase
- lysolecithin acyltransferase
- 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase
- acyl coenzyme A-monoacylphosphatidylcholine acyltransferase
- acyl-CoA:1-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine transacylase
- lysophosphatide acyltransferase
- lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase

comment:
Acts preferentially with unsaturated acyl-CoA derivatives. 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol can also act as acceptor.

reaction:
acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [RN:R01318]


entry: 2.3.1.25
sysname: acyl-CoA:1-O-alk-1-enyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine 2-O-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-O-alk-1-enyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + plasmenylcholine [RN:R03109]
iubmb_reaction: R03109
name:
--- 
- plasmalogen synthase
- lysoplasmenylcholine acyltransferase
- O-1-alkenylglycero-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase
- 1-alkenyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine:acyl-CoA acyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.26
sysname: acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + cholesterol = CoA + cholesterol ester [RN:R01461]
iubmb_reaction: R01461
name:
--- 
- sterol O-acyltransferase
- cholesterol acyltransferase
- sterol-ester synthase
- sterol-ester synthetase
- acyl coenzyme A-cholesterol-O-acyltransferase
- acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase
- ACAT
- acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase
- cholesterol ester synthase
- cholesterol ester synthetase
- cholesteryl ester synthetase

comment:
The animal enzyme is highly specific for transfer of acyl groups with a single cis double bond that is nine carbon atoms distant from the carboxy group.


entry: 2.3.1.27
sysname: acetyl-CoA:cortisol O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + cortisol = CoA + cortisol 21-acetate [RN:R02837]
iubmb_reaction: R02837
name:
--- 
- cortisol O-acetyltransferase
- cortisol acetyltransferase
- corticosteroid acetyltransferase
- corticosteroid-21-O-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.28
sysname: acetyl-CoA:chloramphenicol 3-O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + chloramphenicol = CoA + chloramphenicol 3-acetate [RN:R03065]
iubmb_reaction: R03065
name:
--- 
- chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase
- chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
- chloramphenicol acetylase
- chloramphenicol transacetylase
- CAT I
- CAT II
- CAT III


entry: 2.3.1.29
sysname: acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate [RN:R00370]
iubmb_reaction: R00370 > R00371
name:
--- 
- glycine C-acetyltransferase
- 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA ligase
- 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase
- 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate-CoA ligase
- glycine acetyltransferase
- aminoacetone synthase


entry: 2.3.1.30
sysname: acetyl-CoA:L-serine O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + L-serine = CoA + O-acetyl-L-serine [RN:R00586]
iubmb_reaction: R00586
name:
--- 
- serine O-acetyltransferase
- SATase
- L-serine acetyltransferase
- serine acetyltransferase
- serine transacetylase


entry: 2.3.1.31
sysname: acetyl-CoA:L-homoserine O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + L-homoserine = CoA + O-acetyl-L-homoserine [RN:R01776]
iubmb_reaction: R01776
name:
--- 
- homoserine O-acetyltransferase
- homoserine acetyltransferase
- homoserine transacetylase
- homoserine-O-transacetylase
- L-homoserine O-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.34
sysname: acetyl-CoA:D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + D-tryptophan = CoA + N-acetyl-D-tryptophan [RN:R02481]
iubmb_reaction: R02481
name:
--- 
- D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase
- D-tryptophan acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA-D-tryptophan-alpha-N-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.35
sysname: N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase
reaction: N2-acetyl-L-ornithine + L-glutamate = L-ornithine + N-acetyl-L-glutamate [RN:R02282]
iubmb_reaction: R02282
name:
--- 
- glutamate N-acetyltransferase
- ornithine transacetylase
- alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase
- acetylglutamate synthetase
- acetylglutamate-acetylornithine transacetylase
- acetylglutamic synthetase
- acetylglutamic-acetylornithine transacetylase
- acetylornithinase
- acetylornithine glutamate acetyltransferase
- glutamate acetyltransferase
- N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthetase
- N-acetylglutamate synthase
- N-acetylglutamate synthetase
- ornithine acetyltransferase

comment:
Also has some hydrolytic activity on acetyl-L-ornithine, but the rate is 1% of that of transferase activity.


entry: 2.3.1.36
sysname: acetyl-CoA:D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino acid [RN:R02191]
iubmb_reaction: R02191 > R03903
name:
--- 
- D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase
- D-amino acid acetyltransferase
- D-amino acid-alpha-N-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.37
sysname: succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)
reaction: succinyl-CoA + glycine = 5-aminolevulinate + CoA + CO2 [RN:R00830]
iubmb_reaction: R00830
kegg_reaction: R00371 R00831 R02270
name:
--- 
- 5-aminolevulinate synthase
- ALAS
- ALA synthase
- alpha-aminolevulinic acid synthase
- delta-aminolevulinate synthase
- delta-aminolevulinate synthetase
- delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase
- delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase
- delta-aminolevulinic synthetase
- 5-aminolevulinate synthetase
- 5-aminolevulinic acid synthetase
- ALA synthetase
- aminolevulinate synthase
- aminolevulinate synthetase
- aminolevulinic acid synthase
- aminolevulinic acid synthetase
- aminolevulinic synthetase

comment:
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. The enzyme in erythrocytes is genetically distinct from that in other tissues.


entry: 2.3.1.38
sysname: acetyl-CoA:[acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier-protein] = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] [RN:R01624]
iubmb_reaction: R01624
name:
--- 
- "[acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase"
- acetyl coenzyme A-acyl-carrier-protein transacylase
- "[acyl-carrier-protein]acetyltransferase"
- "[ACP]acetyltransferase"
- ACAT

comment:
This enzyme, along with EC 2.3.1.39, [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase, is essential for the initiation of fatty-acid biosynthesis in bacteria. The substrate acetyl-CoA protects the enzyme against inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide [4]. This is one of the activities associated with beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (EC 2.3.1.180) [5].


entry: 2.3.1.39
sysname: malonyl-CoA:[acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase
reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier-protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] [RN:R01626]
iubmb_reaction: R01626
name:
--- 
- "[acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase"
- malonyl coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase
- malonyl transacylase
- malonyl transferase
- malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase
- "[acyl carrier protein]malonyltransferase"
- MAT
- FabD
- malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase
- malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase
- MCAT
- malonyl-CoA:AcpM transacylase

comment:
This enzyme, along with EC 2.3.1.38, [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase, is essential for the initiation of fatty-acid biosynthesis in bacteria. This enzyme also provides the malonyl groups for polyketide biosynthesis [7]. The product of the reaction, malonyl-ACP, is an elongation substrate in fatty-acid biosynthesis. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, holo-ACP (the product of EC 2.7.8.7, holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase) is the preferred substrate [5].


entry: 2.3.1.40
name: --- - acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-phospholipid O-acyltransferase
sysname: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine O-acyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04864
reaction:
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine [RN:R04864]


entry: 2.3.1.41
sysname: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R02768 > R04355 R04726 R04952 R04957 R04960 R04963 R04968
kegg_reaction: R01624
name:
--- 
- beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase I
- beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I
- beta-ketoacyl synthetase
- beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase
- beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase
- beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase
- beta-ketoacylsynthase
- condensing enzyme
- 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase
- fatty acid condensing enzyme
- acyl-malonyl(acyl-carrier-protein)-condensing enzyme
- acyl-malonyl acyl carrier protein-condensing enzyme
- beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase
- 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase
- 3-oxoacyl:ACP synthase I
- KASI
- KAS I
- FabF1
- FabB

comment:
This enzyme is responsible for the chain-elongation step of dissociated (type II) fatty-acid biosynthesis. Escherichia coli mutants that lack this enzyme are deficient in unsaturated fatty acids. The enzyme can use fatty acyl thioesters of ACP (C2 to C16) as substrates, as well as fatty acyl thioesters of Co-A (C4 to C16) [4]. The substrate specificity is very similar to that of EC 2.3.1.179, beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II, with the exception that the latter enzyme is far more active with palmitoleoyl-ACP (C16Delta9) as substrate, allowing the organism to regulate its fatty-acid composition with changes in temperature [4,5].

reaction:
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein] [RN:R02768]


entry: 2.3.1.42
name: --- - glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase - dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase
sysname: acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate = CoA + acylglycerone phosphate [RN:R01013]
iubmb_reaction: R01013
comment:
A membrane protein. Uses CoA derivatives of palmitate, stearate and oleate, with highest activity on palmitoyl-CoA.


entry: 2.3.1.43
sysname: phosphatidylcholine:sterol O-acyltransferase
reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a sterol ester [RN:R02114]
iubmb_reaction: R02114
name:
--- 
- phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase
- lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
- phospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase
- LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase)
- lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase
- lysolecithin acyltransferase

comment:
Palmitoyl, oleoyl and linoleoyl residues can be transferred; a number of sterols, including cholesterol, can act as acceptors. The bacterial enzyme also catalyses the reactions of EC 3.1.1.4 phospholipase A2 and EC 3.1.1.5 lysophospholipase.


entry: 2.3.1.44
name: --- - N-acetylneuraminate 4-O-acetyltransferase - sialate O-acetyltransferase
sysname: acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate 4-O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-acetylneuraminate = CoA + N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminate [RN:R01806]
iubmb_reaction: R01806
comment:
Both free and glycosidically bound N-acetyl- and N-glycolyl- neuraminates can act as O-acetyl acceptors.


entry: 2.3.1.45
sysname: acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-acetylneuraminate = CoA + N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate [RN:R01807 R01808]
iubmb_reaction: R01807 R01808
name:
--- 
- N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase
- N-acetylneuraminate 7(8)-O-acetyltransferase
- sialate O-acetyltransferase
- N-acetylneuraminate 7,8-O-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- or 8-O-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- and/or 8-O-acetyltransferase
- glycoprotein 7(9)-O-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-9(7)-O-acetyltransferase
- N-acetylneuraminate O7-(or O9-)acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-9(or 7)-O-acetyltransferase

comment:
Both free and glycosidically bound N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminates can act as O-acetyl acceptors.


entry: 2.3.1.46
sysname: succinyl-CoA:L-homoserine O-succinyltransferase
reaction: succinyl-CoA + L-homoserine = CoA + O-succinyl-L-homoserine [RN:R01777]
iubmb_reaction: R01777
name:
--- 
- homoserine O-succinyltransferase
- homoserine O-transsuccinylase
- homoserine succinyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.47
sysname: 6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA:L-alanine C-carboxyhexanoyltransferase (decarboxylating)
comment: A pyridoxal-phosphate protein.
reaction: 6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA + L-alanine = 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + CoA + CO2 [RN:R03210]
iubmb_reaction: R03210
name:
--- 
- 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase
- 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthetase
- 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic synthetase
- 8-amino-7-oxopelargonate synthase


entry: 2.3.1.48
sysname: acetyl-CoA:histone acetyltransferase
comment: A group of enzymes with differing specificities towards histone acceptors.
reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone = CoA + acetylhistone [RN:R03552]
iubmb_reaction: R03552
name:
--- 
- histone acetyltransferase
- nucleosome-histone acetyltransferase
- histone acetokinase
- histone acetylase
- histone transacetylase


entry: 2.3.1.49
iubmb_reaction: R04588
name:
--- 
- deacetyl-[citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase] S-acetyltransferase
- S-acetyl phosphopantetheine:deacetyl citrate lyase S-acetyltransferase
- deacetyl-[citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase] acetyltransferase

sysname:
S-acetylphosphopantetheine:deacetyl-[citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase((pro -3S)-CH2COO-->acetate)] S-acetyltransferase

comment:
Both this enzyme and EC 6.2.1.22, [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase] ligase, acetylate and activate EC 4.1.3.6, citrate (pro-3S)-lyase.

reaction:
S-acetylphosphopantotheine + deacetyl-[citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase((pro-3S)-CH2COO-->acetate)] = phosphopantotheine + [citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase((pro-3S)-CH2COO-->acetate)] [RN:R04588]


entry: 2.3.1.50
sysname: palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)
comment: A pyridoxal-phosphate protein.
reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-serine = CoA + 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine + CO2 [RN:R01281]
iubmb_reaction: R01281
name:
--- 
- serine C-palmitoyltransferase
- serine palmitoyltransferase
- SPT
- 3-oxosphinganine synthetase
- acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase decarboxylating


entry: 2.3.1.51
sysname: acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate [RN:R02241]
iubmb_reaction: R02241 > R02760
kegg_reaction: R04361
name:
--- 
- 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase
- 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase
- 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase
- 1-acylglycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase
- 1-acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase
- 1-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase
- lysophosphatidic acid-acyltransferase

comment:
Acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] can also act as an acyl donor. The animal enzyme is specific for the transfer of unsaturated fatty acyl groups.


entry: 2.3.1.54
sysname: acetyl-CoA:formate C-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + formate = CoA + pyruvate [RN:R00212]
iubmb_reaction: R00212
kegg_reaction: R06987
name:
--- 
- formate C-acetyltransferase
- pyruvate formate-lyase
- pyruvic formate-lyase
- formate acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.55
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: kanamycin 6'-N-acetyltransferase identical to EC 2.3.1.82 aminoglycoside N6'-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.55 created 1976, deleted 1999)


entry: 2.3.1.56
sysname: N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl:N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl O-acetyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04271
name:
--- 
- aromatic-hydroxylamine O-acetyltransferase
- aromatic hydroxylamine acetyltransferase
- arylhydroxamate acyltransferase
- arylhydroxamate N,O-acetyltransferase
- arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acetyltransferase
- arylhydroxamic acyltransferase
- N,O-acetyltransferase
- N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene N-O acyltransferase

comment:
Transfers the N-acetyl group of some aromatic acethydroxamates to the O-position of some aromatic hydroxylamines.

reaction:
N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl = N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl [RN:R04271]


entry: 2.3.1.57
sysname: acetyl-CoA:alkane-<alpha,omega-diamine N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine = CoA + an N-acetyldiamine [RN:R03910]
iubmb_reaction: R03910 > R01154
name:
--- 
- diamine N-acetyltransferase
- spermidine acetyltransferase
- putrescine acetyltransferase
- putrescine (diamine)-acetylating enzyme
- diamine acetyltransferase
- spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase
- spermidine N1-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-coenzyme A-1,4-diaminobutane N-acetyltransferase
- putrescine acetylase
- putrescine N-acetyltransferase

comment:
Acts on 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, putrescine, spermidine (forming N1- and N8-acetylspermidine), spermine, N1-acetylspermidine and N8-acetylspermidine.


entry: 2.3.1.58
sysname: oxalyl-CoA:L-2,3-diaminopropanoate N3-oxalyltransferase
reaction: oxalyl-CoA + L-2,3-diaminopropanoate = CoA + N3-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoate [RN:R04211]
iubmb_reaction: R04211
name:
--- 
- 2,3-diaminopropionate N-oxalyltransferase
- oxalyldiaminopropionate synthase
- ODAP synthase
- oxalyl-CoA:L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid oxalyltransferase
- oxalyldiaminopropionic synthase


entry: 2.3.1.59
sysname: acetyl-CoA:gentamicin-C1a N2'-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + gentamyicin C1a = CoA + N2'-acetylgentamicin C1a [RN:R03056]
iubmb_reaction: R03056
name:
--- 
- gentamicin 2'-N-acetyltransferase
- gentamycin acetyltransferase II
- acetyl-CoA:gentamicin-C1a N2'-acetyltransferase
- gentamicin 2'--N-acetyltransferase
- gentamycin 2'-N-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:gentamycin-C1a N2'-acetyltransferase

comment:
The antibiotics gentamicin A, sisomicin, tobramycin, paromomycin, neomycin B, kanamycin B and kanamycin C can also act as acceptors.


entry: 2.3.1.60
sysname: acetyl-CoA:gentamicin-C N3'-acetyltransferase
comment: Also acetylates sisomicin.
reaction: acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C = CoA + N3'-acetylgentamicin C [RN:R03767]
iubmb_reaction: R03767
name:
--- 
- gentamicin 3'-N-acetyltransferase
- gentamycin acetyltransferase I
- aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(3)-1
- gentamycin 3'-N-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:gentamycin-C N3'-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.61
sysname: enzyme-dihydrolipoyllysine:succinyl-CoA S-succinyltransferase
reaction: succinyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-succinyldihydrolipoyl)lysine
iubmb_reaction: (other) R02570 R02571
kegg_reaction: R02570 R02571
name:
--- 
- dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase
- dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase
- dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase
- dihydrolipoic transsuccinylase
- dihydrolipolyl transsuccinylase
- dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase
- lipoate succinyltransferase (Escherichia coli)
- lipoic transsuccinylase
- lipoyl transsuccinylase
- succinyl-CoA:dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase
- succinyl-CoA:dihydrolipoate S-succinyltransferase

comment:
A multimer (24-mer) of this enzyme forms the core of the multienzyme complex, and binds tightly both EC 1.2.4.2, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) and EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. The lipoyl group of this enzyme is reductively succinylated by EC 1.2.4.2, and the only observed direction catalysed by EC 2.3.1.61 is that where this succinyl group is passed to coenzyme A.


entry: 2.3.1.62
sysname: acyl-CoA:2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + phosphatidylcholine [RN:R01319]
iubmb_reaction: R01319
name:
--- 
- 2-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase
- 2-acylglycerol-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase
- 2-acylglycerophosphocholine acyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.63
name: --- - 1-alkylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase
sysname: acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase
comment: May be identical with EC 2.3.1.23 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase.
iubmb_reaction: R03438
reaction:
acyl-CoA + 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + 2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [RN:R03438]


entry: 2.3.1.64
sysname: 4-coumaroyl-CoA:agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase
reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine = CoA + N-(4-guanidinobutyl)-4-hydroxycinnamamide [RN:R01617]
iubmb_reaction: R01617
name:
--- 
- agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase
- p-coumaroyl-CoA-agmatine N-p-coumaroyltransferase
- agmatine coumaroyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.65
sysname: choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
reaction: choloyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + glycocholate [RN:R03718]
iubmb_reaction: R03718
kegg_reaction: R03720 R04828
name:
--- 
- bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
- glycine-taurine N-acyltransferase
- amino acid N-choloyltransferase
- BAT
- glycine N-choloyltransferase
- BACAT
- cholyl-CoA glycine-taurine N-acyltransferase
- cholyl-CoA:taurine N-acyltransferase

comment:
Also acts on CoA derivatives of other bile acids. Taurine and 2-fluoro-beta-alanine can act as substrates, but more slowly [4]. The enzyme can also conjugate fatty acids to glycine and can act as a very-long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase [7]. Bile-acid-amino-acid conjugates serve as detergents in the gastrointestinal tract, solubilizing long chain fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides, fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol [4]. This is the second enzyme in a two-step process leading to the conjugation of bile acids with amino acids; the first step is the conversion of bile acids into their acyl-CoA thioesters, which is catalysed by EC 6.2.1.7, cholate-CoA ligase.


entry: 2.3.1.66
name: --- - leucine N-acetyltransferase - leucine acetyltransferase
sysname: acetyl-CoA:L-leucine N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + L-leucine = CoA + N-acetyl-L-leucine [RN:R01089]
iubmb_reaction: R01089
comment:
Propanoyl-CoA can act as a donor, but more slowly. L-Arginine, L-valine, L-phenylalanine and peptides containing L-leucine can act as acceptors.


entry: 2.3.1.67
sysname: acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 2-O-acetyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03437
name:
--- 
- 1-alkylglycerophosphocholine O-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 2-O-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase
- 1-alkyl-2-lysolecithin acetyltransferase
- acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase
- blood platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase
- lyso-GPC:acetyl CoA acetyltransferase
- lyso-platelet activating factor:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase
- lysoPAF:acetyl CoA acetyltransferase
- PAF acetyltransferase
- platelet-activating factor acylhydrolase
- platelet-activating factor-synthesizing enzyme
- 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetyltransferase
- lyso-platelet-activating factor:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase

reaction:
acetyl-CoA + 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [RN:R03437]


entry: 2.3.1.68
name: --- - glutamine N-acyltransferase
sysname: acyl-CoA:L-glutamine N-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + N-acyl-L-glutamine [RN:R00577]
iubmb_reaction: R00577
comment:
Phenylacetyl-CoA and (indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA, but not benzoyl-CoA, can act as acyl donors. Not identical with EC 2.3.1.13 glycine N-acyltransferase or EC 2.3.1.71 glycine N-benzoyltransferase.


entry: 2.3.1.70
sysname: arachidonoyl-CoA:CDP-acylglycerol O-arachidonoyltransferase
comment: Highly specific for both donor and acceptor.
reaction: arachidonoyl-CoA + CDP-acylglycerol = CoA + CDP-diacylglycerol [RN:R01798]
iubmb_reaction: R01798
name:
--- 
- CDP-acylglycerol O-arachidonoyltransferase
- CDP-acylglycerol O-arachidonyltransferase
- arachidonyl-CoA:CDP-acylglycerol O-arachidonyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.71
sysname: benzoyl-CoA:glycine N-benzoyltransferase
comment: Not identical with EC 2.3.1.13 glycine N-acyltransferase or EC 2.3.1.68 glutamine N-acyltransferase
reaction: benzoyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-benzoylglycine
iubmb_reaction: (other) R02452
kegg_reaction: R02452
name:
--- 
- glycine N-benzoyltransferase
- benzoyl CoA-amino acid N-acyltransferase
- benzoyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.72
sysname: 1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-beta-D-glucose:myo-inositol (indol-3-yl)acetyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04333
name:
--- 
- indoleacetylglucose-inositol O-acyltransferase
- indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside:myo-inositol indoleacetyltransferase
- 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose:myo-inositol indole-3-ylacetyltransferase

comment:
The position of acylation is indeterminate because of the ease of acyl transfer between hydroxy groups.

reaction:
1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-beta-D-glucoside + myo-inositol = D-glucose + O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol [RN:R04333]


entry: 2.3.1.73
name: --- - diacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase - 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:sterol acyl transferase
sysname: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:sterol O-acyltransferase
reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sterol = monoacylglycerol + sterol ester [RN:R02693]
iubmb_reaction: R02693 > R02692
comment:
Cholesterol, sitosterol, campesterol and diacylglycerol can act as acceptors. Transfers a number of long-chain fatty acyl groups.


entry: 2.3.1.74
sysname: malonyl-CoA:4-coumaroyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing)
comment: In the presence of NADH and a reductase, 6'-deoxychalcone is produced.
reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2 [RN:R01613]
iubmb_reaction: R01613
kegg_reaction: R06568
name:
--- 
- naringenin-chalcone synthase
- chalcone synthase
- flavanone synthase
- 6'-deoxychalcone synthase
- chalcone synthetase
- DOCS
- CHS


entry: 2.3.1.75
name: --- - long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase - wax synthase - wax-ester synthase
sysname: acyl-CoA:long-chain-alcohol O-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + a long-chain alcohol = CoA + a long-chain ester [RN:R01999]
iubmb_reaction: R01999
comment:
Transfers saturated or unsaturated acyl residues of chain-length C18 to C20 to long-chain alcohols, forming waxes. The best acceptor is cis-icos-11-en-1-ol.


entry: 2.3.1.77
name: --- - triacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase - triacylglycerol:sterol acyltransferase
sysname: triacylglycerol:3beta-hydroxysterol O-acyltransferase
reaction: triacylglycerol + a 3beta-hydroxysterol = diacylglycerol + a 3beta-hydroxysterol ester [RN:R04055]
iubmb_reaction: R04055
comment:
Tripalmitoylglycerol and, more slowly, other triacylglycerols containing C6 to C22 fatty acids, can act as donors. The best acceptors are 3beta-hydroxysterols with a planar ring system.


entry: 2.3.1.78
sysname: acetyl-CoA:heparan-alpha-D-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04466
name:
--- 
- heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase

comment:
Brings about the acetylation of glucosamine groups of heparan sulfate and heparin from which the sulfate has been removed. Also acts on heparin. Not identical with EC 2.3.1.3 glucosamine N-acetyltransferase or EC 2.3.1.4 glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase.

reaction:
acetyl-CoA + heparan sulfate alpha-D-glucosaminide = CoA + heparan sulfate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide [RN:R04466]


entry: 2.3.1.79
name: --- - maltose O-acetyltransferase - maltose transacetylase - MAT
sysname: acetyl-CoA:maltose O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + maltose = CoA + 6-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose [RN:R01556 R06251]
iubmb_reaction: R01556 R06251(G)
comment:
Not identical with EC 2.3.1.18 galactoside O-acetyltransferase. The acetyl group is added exclusively to the C6 position of glucose and to the C6 position of the non-reducing glucose residue of maltose [3]. Other substrates of this enzyme are glucose, which is a better substrate than maltose [2], and mannose and frucose, which are poorer substrates than maltose [2]. Isopropyl-beta-thio-galactose, which is a good substrate for EC 2.3.1.118 is a poor substrate for this enzyme [3].


entry: 2.3.1.80
name: --- - cysteine-S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase
sysname: acetyl-CoA:S-substituted L-cysteine N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + an S-substituted L-cysteine = CoA + an S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine [RN:R04240]
iubmb_reaction: R04240
kegg_reaction: R04950
comment:
S-Benzyl-L-cysteine and, in decreasing order of activity, S-butyl-L-cysteine, S-propyl-L-cysteine, O-benzyl-L-serine and S-ethyl-L-cysteine, can act as acceptors.


entry: 2.3.1.81
sysname: acetyl-CoA:2-deoxystreptamine-antibiotic N3'-acetyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04348
name:
--- 
- aminoglycoside N3'-acetyltransferase
- 3'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase
- 3-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase

comment:
Different from EC 2.3.1.60 gentamicin 3'-N-acetyltransferase. A wide range of antibiotics containing the 2-deoxystreptamine ring can act as acceptors, including gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, neomycin and apramycin.

reaction:
acetyl-CoA + a 2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic = CoA + N3'-acetyl-2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic [RN:R04348]


entry: 2.3.1.82
sysname: acetyl-CoA:kanamycin-B N6'-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + kanamycin-B = CoA + N6'-acetylkanamycin-B [RN:R01889]
iubmb_reaction: R01889
name:
--- 
- aminoglycoside N6'-acetyltransferase
- aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase
- aminoglycoside-6'-acetyltransferase
- aminoglycoside-6-N-acetyltransferase
- kanamycin acetyltransferase

comment:
the antibiotics kanamycin A, kanamycin B, neomycin, gentamicin C1a, gentamicin C2 and sisomicin are substrates. The antibiotics gentamicin, tobramycin and neomycin, but not paromomycin, can also act as acceptors. The 6-amino group of the purpurosamine ring is acetylated.


entry: 2.3.1.85
name: --- - fatty-acid synthase - yeast fatty acid synthase
iubmb_reaction: R05188
sysname:
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing and thioester-hydrolysing)

comment:
The animal enzyme is a multi-functional protein catalysing the reactions of EC 2.3.1.38 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.39 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.41 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, EC 1.1.1.100 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, EC 4.2.1.61 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase, EC 1.3.1.10 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) and EC 3.1.2.14 oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase.

reaction:
acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = a long-chain fatty acid + (n+1) CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+ [RN:R05188]

kegg_reaction:
R01624 R01626 R01706 R04355 R04533 R04534 R04535 R04536 R04537 R04543 R04544 R04566 R04568 R04725 R04726 R04952 R04953 R04954 R04956 R04957 R04959 R04960 R04962 R04963 R04964 R04965 R04967 R04968 R04970


entry: 2.3.1.86
name: --- - fatty-acyl-CoA synthase - yeast fatty acid synthase
sysname: acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl- reducing)
iubmb_reaction: R05190
comment:
The yeast enzyme is a multi-functional protein catalysing the reactions of EC 2.3.1.38 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.39 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.41 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, EC 1.1.1.100 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, EC 1.1.1.279, (R)-3-hydroxyacid ester dehydrogenase, EC 4.2.1.61 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase and EC 1.3.1.9 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH).

reaction:
acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = long-chain-acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+ [RN:R05190]

kegg_reaction:
R01624 R01626 R04355 R04429 R04533 R04534 R04535 R04536 R04537 R04543 R04544 R04566 R04568 R04724 R04726 R04952 R04953 R04954 R04955 R04957 R04958 R04960 R04961 R04963 R04964 R04965 R04966 R04968 R04969


entry: 2.3.1.87
sysname: acetyl-CoA:2-arylethylamine N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + a 2-arylethylamine = CoA + an N-acetyl-2-arylethylamine [RN:R03760]
iubmb_reaction: R03760 > R02911
name:
--- 
- aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
- serotonin acetyltransferase
- serotonin acetylase
- arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase
- serotonin N-acetyltransferase
- AANAT
- melatonin rhythm enzyme

comment:
Narrow specificity towards 2-arylethylamines, including serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), tryptamine, 5-methoxytryptamine and phenylethylamine. This is the penultimate enzyme in the production of melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) and controls its synthesis (cf. EC 2.1.1.4, acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase). Differs from EC 2.3.1.5 arylamine N-acetyltransferase.


entry: 2.3.1.88
sysname: acetyl-CoA:peptide N(alpha)-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = N(alpha)-acetylpeptide + CoA [RN:R00234]
iubmb_reaction: R00234
name:
--- 
- peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase
- beta-endorphin acetyltransferase
- peptide acetyltransferase
- protein N-terminal acetyltransferase
- NAT
- N(alpha)-acetyltransferase
- amino-terminal amino acid-acetylating enzyme

comment:
Acetylates N-terminal alanine, serine, methionine and glutamate residues in a number of peptides and proteins, including beta-endorphin, corticotropins and melanotropin. cf. EC 2.3.1.108 alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase.


entry: 2.3.1.89
sysname: acetyl-CoA:(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate 2-N-acetyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04364
name:
--- 
- tetrahydrodipicolinate N-acetyltransferase
- tetrahydrodipicolinate acetylase
- tetrahydrodipicolinate:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:L-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate N2-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N2-acetyltransferase

reaction:
acetyl-CoA + (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + H2O = CoA + L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate [RN:R04364]


entry: 2.3.1.90
name: --- - beta-glucogallin O-galloyltransferase
sysname: 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose:1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose O-galloyltransferase
reaction: 2 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = D-glucose + 1-O,6-O-digalloyl-beta-D-glucose [RN:R00049]
iubmb_reaction: R00049
comment:
beta-Glucogallin can act as donor and as acceptor. Digalloylglucose can also act as acceptor, with the formation of 1-O,2-O,6-O-trigalloylglucose


entry: 2.3.1.91
name: --- - sinapoylglucose-choline O-sinapoyltransferase - sinapine synthase
reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + choline = D-glucose + sinapoylcholine [RN:R03075]
iubmb_reaction: R03075
sysname:
1-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucose:choline 1-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)transferase


entry: 2.3.1.92
sysname: 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose:(S)-malate O-sinapoyltransferase
reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + (S)-malate = D-glucose + sinapoyl-(S)-malate [RN:R03323]
iubmb_reaction: R03323
name:
--- 
- sinapoylglucose-malate O-sinapoyltransferase
- 1-sinapoylglucose-L-malate sinapoyltransferase
- sinapoylglucose:malate sinapoyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.93
sysname: (E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:13-hydroxylupinine O-2-methylcrotonoyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04205
name:
--- 
- 13-hydroxylupinine O-tigloyltransferase
- tigloyl-CoA:13-hydroxylupanine O-tigloyltransferase
- 13-hydroxylupanine acyltransferase

comment:
benzoyl-CoA and, more slowly, pentanoyl-CoA, 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA can act as acyl donors. Involved in the synthesis of lupinine alkaloids.

reaction:
(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA + 13-hydroxylupinine = CoA + 13-(2-methylcrotonoyl)oxylupinine [RN:R04205]


entry: 2.3.1.94
name: --- - erythronolide synthase - erythronolide condensing enzyme
sysname: malonyl-CoA:propionyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing)
reaction: 6 malonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA = 7 CoA + 6-deoxyerythronolide b [RN:R00918]
iubmb_reaction: R00918
comment:
The product, which contains a 14-membered lactone ring, is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of erythromycin antibiotics. cf. EC 2.3.1.74 naringenin-chalcone synthase.


entry: 2.3.1.97
sysname: tetradecanoyl-CoA:glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase
reaction: tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycylpeptide = CoA + N-tetradecanoylglycylpeptide [RN:R03992]
iubmb_reaction: R03992
name:
--- 
- glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase
- peptide N-myristoyltransferase
- myristoyl-CoA-protein N-myristoyltransferase
- myristoyl-coenzyme A:protein N-myristoyl transferase
- myristoylating enzymes
- protein N-myristoyltransferase

comment:
The enzyme from yeast is highly specific for tetradecanoyl-CoA, and highly specific for N-terminal glycine in oligopeptides containing serine in the 5-position. The enzyme from mammalian heart transfers acyl groups to a specific 51 kDa acceptor protein.


entry: 2.3.1.98
sysname: chlorogenate:glucarate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
reaction: chlorogenate + glucarate = quinate + 2-O-caffeoylglucarate [RN:R02998]
iubmb_reaction: R02998
name:
--- 
- chlorogenate-glucarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
- chlorogenate:glucarate caffeoyltransferase
- chlorogenic acid:glucaric acid O-caffeoyltransferase

comment:
Galactarate can act as acceptor, more slowly. Involved with EC 2.3.1.99 quinate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in the formation of caffeoylglucarate in tomato.


entry: 2.3.1.99
name: --- - quinate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase - hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A-quinate transferase
sysname: feruloyl-CoA:quinate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
reaction: feruloyl-CoA + quinate = CoA + O-feruloylquinate [RN:R02195]
iubmb_reaction: R02195
kegg_reaction: R01945
comment:
Caffeoyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA can also act as donors, but more slowly. Involved in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid in sweet potato and, with EC 2.3.1.98 chlorogenate-glucarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, in the formation of caffeoyl-CoA in tomato.


entry: 2.3.1.100
sysname: palmitoyl-CoA:[myelin-proteolipid] O-palmitoyltransferase
comment: The enzyme in brain transfers long-chain acyl residues to the endogenous myelin proteolipid
reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + [myelin proteolipid] = CoA + O-palmitoyl-[myelin proteolipid] [RN:R04022]
iubmb_reaction: R04022
name:
--- 
- "[myelin-proteolipid] O-palmitoyltransferase"
- myelin PLP acyltransferase
- acyl-protein synthetase
- myelin-proteolipid O-palmitoyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.101
sysname: formylmethanofuran:5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin 5-formyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R03390
name:
--- 
- formylmethanofuran-tetrahydromethanopterin N-formyltransferase
- formylmethanofuran-tetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase
- formylmethanofuran:tetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase
- N-formylmethanofuran(CHO-MFR):tetrahydromethanopterin(H4MPT) formyltransferase
- FTR
- formylmethanofuran:5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin N5-formyltransferase

comment:
Methanofuran is a complex 4-substituted furfurylamine and is involved in the formation of methane from CO2 in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.

reaction:
formylmethanofuran + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin = methanofuran + 5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin [RN:R03390]


entry: 2.3.1.102
sysname: acetyl-CoA:N6-hydroxy-L-lysine 6-acetyltransferase
comment: Involved in the synthesis of aerobactin from lysine in a strain of Escherichia coli.
reaction: acetyl-CoA + N6-hydroxy-L-lysine = CoA + N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine [RN:R03168]
iubmb_reaction: R03168
name:
--- 
- N6-hydroxylysine O-acetyltransferase
- N6-hydroxylysine:acetyl CoA N6-transacetylase
- N6-hydroxylysine acetylase


entry: 2.3.1.103
reaction: 2 1-O-sinapoyl beta-D-glucoside = D-glucose + 1,2-bis-O-sinapoyl beta-D-glucoside [RN:R00063]
iubmb_reaction: R00063
name:
--- 
- sinapoylglucose-sinapoylglucose O-sinapoyltransferase
- hydroxycinnamoylglucose-hydroxycinnamoylglucose hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
- 1-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-glucose:1-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-glucose hydroxycinnamoyltransferase

sysname:
1-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucoside:1-O-(4-hydro xy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamoyl-beta-D-glucoside 1-O-sinapoyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.105
name: --- - alkylglycerophosphate 2-O-acetyltransferase - alkyllyso-GP:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase
sysname: acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate 2-O-acetyltransferase
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of thrombocyte activating factor in animal tissues.
iubmb_reaction: R03455
reaction:
acetyl-CoA + 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = CoA + 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate [RN:R03455]


entry: 2.3.1.106
sysname: sinapoyl-CoA:2-hydroxymalonate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
reaction: sinapoyl-CoA + 2-hydroxymalonate = CoA + sinapoyltartronate [RN:R03965]
iubmb_reaction: R03965
name:
--- 
- tartronate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
- tartronate sinapoyltransferase
- hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme-A:tartronate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase

comment:
4-Coumaroyl-CoA (4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA), caffeoyl-CoA (3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-CoA) and feruloyl-CoA (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl-CoA) can also act as donors for the enzyme from the mung bean (Vigna radiata).


entry: 2.3.1.107
sysname: acetyl-CoA:deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + deacetylvindoline = CoA + vindoline [RN:R03230]
iubmb_reaction: R03230
name:
--- 
- deacetylvindoline O-acetyltransferase
- deacetylvindoline acetyltransferase
- DAT
- 17-O-deacetylvindoline-17-O-acetyltransferase
- acetylcoenzyme A-deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA-17-O-deacetylvindoline 17-O-acetyltransferase
- acetylcoenzyme A:deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase
- acetylcoenzyme A:deacetylvindoline O-acetyltransferase
- 17-O-deacetylvindoline O-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:17-O-deacetylvindoline 17-O-acetyltransferase

comment:
Catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of vindoline from tabersonine in the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus.


entry: 2.3.1.108
sysname: acetyl-CoA:[alpha-tubulin]-L-lysine N6-acetyltransferase
comment: The enzyme from Chlamydomonas flagella also acetylates mammalian brain alpha-tubulin.
reaction: acetyl-CoA + [alpha-tubulin]-L-lysine = CoA + [alpha-tubulin]-N6-acetyl-L-lysine [RN:R04192]
iubmb_reaction: R04192
name:
--- 
- alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase
- alpha-tubulin acetylase
- TAT
- alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase
- tubulin N-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:alpha-tubulin-L-lysine N(epsilon)-acetyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.109
sysname: succinyl-CoA:L-arginine N2-succinyltransferase
reaction: succinyl-CoA + L-arginine = CoA + N2-succinyl-L-arginine [RN:R00832]
iubmb_reaction: R00832
name:
--- 
- arginine N-succinyltransferase
- arginine succinyltransferase
- AstA
- arginine and ornithine N2-succinyltransferase
- AOST
- AST

comment:
Also acts on L-ornithine. This is the first enzyme in the arginine succinyltransferase (AST) pathway for the catabolism of arginine [1]. This pathway converts the carbon skeleton of arginine into glutamate, with the concomitant production of ammonia and conversion of succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA. The five enzymes involved in this pathway are EC 2.3.1.109 (arginine N-succinyltransferase), EC 3.5.3.23 (N-succinylarginine dihydrolase), EC 2.6.1.81 (succinylornithine transaminase), EC 1.2.1.71 (succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) and EC 3.5.1.96 (succinylglutamate desuccinylase) [2,6].


entry: 2.3.1.110
sysname: feruloyl-CoA:tyramine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
reaction: feruloyl-CoA + tyramine = CoA + N-feruloyltyramine [RN:R02385]
iubmb_reaction: R02385
name:
--- 
- tyramine N-feruloyltransferase
- tyramine N-feruloyl-CoA transferase
- feruloyltyramine synthase
- feruloyl-CoA tyramine N-feruloyl-CoA transferase
- tyramine feruloyltransferase

comment:
Cinnamoyl-CoA, 4-coumaroyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA can also act as donors, and some aromatic amines can act as acceptors.


entry: 2.3.1.111
name: --- - mycocerosate synthase - mycocerosic acid synthase
sysname: acyl-CoA:methylmalonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing)
iubmb_reaction: R05189
comment:
The enzyme elongates CoA esters of fatty acids from C6 to C20 by incorporation of methylmalonyl, but not malonyl, residues, to form multimethyl-branched fatty-acyl-CoAs such as 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-octanoyl-CoA.

reaction:
acyl-CoA + n methylmalonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = multi-methyl-branched acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+ [RN:R05189]


entry: 2.3.1.115
sysname: malonyl-CoA:isoflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside 6"-O-malonyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R06796
kegg_reaction: R04618 R06821
name:
--- 
- isoflavone-7-O-beta-glucoside 6"-O-malonyltransferase
- flavone/flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside malonyltransferase
- flavone (flavonol) 7-O-glycoside malonyltransferase
- malonyl-CoA:flavone/flavonol 7-O-glucoside malonyltransferase
- MAT-7
- malonyl-coenzyme A:isoflavone 7-O-glucoside-6"-malonyltransferase
- malonyl-coenzyme A:flavone/flavonol-7-O-glycoside malonyltransferase

comment:
The 6-position of the glucose residue of formononetin can also act as acceptor; some other 7-O-glucosides of isoflavones, flavones and flavonols can also act, but more slowly.

reaction:
malonyl-CoA + biochanin A 7-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + biochanin A 7-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) [RN:R06796]


entry: 2.3.1.116
sysname: malonyl-CoA:flavonol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside 6"-O-malonyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04356 > R06797
name:
--- 
- flavonol-3-O-beta-glucoside O-malonyltransferase
- flavonol 3-O-glucoside malonyltransferase
- MAT-3
- malonyl-coenzyme A:flavonol-3-O-glucoside malonyltransferase

reaction:
malonyl-CoA + flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + flavonol 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) [RN:R04356]


entry: 2.3.1.117
sysname: succinyl-CoA:(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04365
name:
--- 
- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase
- tetrahydropicolinate succinylase
- tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase
- tetrahydrodipicolinate succinyltransferase
- succinyl-CoA:tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase
- succinyl-CoA:2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase

comment:
Involved in the biosynthesis of lysine in bacteria (including cyanobacteria) and higher plants. The 1992 edition of the Enzyme List erroneously gave the name 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate N-succinyltransferase to this enzyme.

reaction:
succinyl-CoA + (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + H2O = CoA + N-succinyl-L-2-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate [RN:R04365]


entry: 2.3.1.118
sysname: acetyl-CoA:N-hydroxyarylamine O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + an N-hydroxyarylamine = CoA + an N-acetoxyarylamine [RN:R04024]
iubmb_reaction: R04024
name:
--- 
- N-hydroxyarylamine O-acetyltransferase
- arylhydroxamate N,O-acetyltransferase
- arylamine N-acetyltransferase
- N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene-O-acetyltransferase

comment:
The enzyme from liver, but not that from bacteria, can also catalyse N-acetylation of arylamines and N,O-acetylation of arylhydroxamates.


entry: 2.3.1.119
name: --- - icosanoyl-CoA synthase - acyl-CoA elongase - C18-CoA elongase - stearoyl-CoA elongase
sysname: stearoyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing)
iubmb_reaction: R02223 R02224
comment:
Icosanoyl-CoA can act in place of stearoyl-CoA. The membrane enzyme brings about the elongation of these long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs.

reaction:
stearoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ = icosanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O [RN:R02223 R02224]


entry: 2.3.1.120
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: 6'-deoxychalcone synthase. The reaction listed is due to EC 2.3.1.74 naringenin-chalcone synthase (EC 2.3.1.120 created 1990, deleted 1992)


entry: 2.3.1.121
name: --- - 1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase
sysname: acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04413
comment:
Long-chain unsaturated acyl-CoAs are the best substrates. Not identical with EC 2.3.1.104 1-alkenylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase.

reaction:
acyl-CoA + 1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine = CoA + 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine [RN:R04413]


entry: 2.3.1.122
sysname: alpha,alpha'-trehalose-6-mycolate:alpha,alpha'-trehalose-6-mycolate 6'-mycolyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07248
name:
--- 
- trehalose O-mycolyltransferase
- alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6-monomycolate:alpha,alpha'-trehalose mycolyltransferase

comment:
Catalyses the exchange of mycolic acid between trehalose, trehalose mycolate and trehalose bismycolate. Trehalose 6-palmitate can also act as donor.

reaction:
2 alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha'-trehalose + alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate [RN:R07248]


entry: 2.3.1.123
name: --- - dolichol O-acyltransferase - acyl-CoA:dolichol acyltransferase
sysname: palmitoyl-CoA:dolichol O-palmitoyltransferase
reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + dolichol = CoA + dolichyl palmitate [RN:R02138]
iubmb_reaction: R02138
comment:
Other acyl-CoAs can also act, but more slowly. alpha-Saturated dolichols are acylated more rapidly than the alpha-unsaturated analogues.


entry: 2.3.1.124
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: already listed as EC 2.3.1.20 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.124 created 1990, deleted 1992)


entry: 2.3.1.125
name: --- - 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerol O-acyltransferase - 1-hexadecyl-2-acetylglycerol acyltransferase
sysname: acyl-CoA:1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol = CoA + 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol [RN:R04363]
iubmb_reaction: R04363
comment:
A number of acyl-CoAs can act as acyl donor; maximum activity is obtained with linoleoyl-CoA. Not identical with EC 2.3.1.20 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase.


entry: 2.3.1.128
name: --- - ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase - ribosomal protein S18 acetyltransferase
sysname: acetyl-CoA:ribosomal-protein-L-alanine N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + ribosomal-protein L-alanine = CoA + ribosomal-protein N-acetyl-L-alanine [RN:R04316]
iubmb_reaction: R04316
comment:
A group of enzymes in Escherichia coli that acetylate the N-terminal alanine residues of specific ribosomal proteins. cf. EC 2.3.1.88, peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.


entry: 2.3.1.129
iubmb_reaction: R04567
name:
--- 
- acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase
- UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine acyltransferase

sysname:
(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:UDP-N-acetylglucos amine 3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)transferase

comment:
Involved with EC 2.4.1.182 (lipid-A-disaccharide synthase) and EC 2.7.1.130 (tetraacyldisaccharide 4'-kinase) in the biosynthesis of the phosphorylated glycolipid, Lipid A, in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli.

reaction:
(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-N-acetylglucosamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine [RN:R04567]


entry: 2.3.1.134
name: --- - galactolipid O-acyltransferase - galactolipid:galactolipid acyltransferase
sysname: mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol:mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylgly cerol acyltransferase
comment: Di-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol can also act as acceptor.
iubmb_reaction: R04474
reaction:
2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = acylmono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + mono-beta-D-galactosylacylglycerol [RN:R04474]


entry: 2.3.1.135
sysname: phosphatidylcholine:retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] O-acyltransferase
comment: Specific for transfer of the sn-1-acyl residue of phosphatidylcholine.
iubmb_reaction: R04514
name:
--- 
- phosphatidylcholine-retinol O-acyltransferase
- lecithin-retinol acyltransferase
- phosphatidylcholine:retinol-(cellular-retinol-binding-protein) O-acyltransferase

reaction:
phosphatidylcholine + retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + retinyl-ester-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] [RN:R04514]


entry: 2.3.1.136
sysname: acetyl-CoA:polysialic-acid O-acetyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04484 R07249
name:
--- 
- polysialic-acid O-acetyltransferase
- lecithin:retinol acyltransferase
- lecithin-retinol acyltransferase
- retinyl ester synthase
- LRAT
- lecithin retinol acyl transferase

comment:
Acts only on substrates containing more than 14 sialosyl residues. Catalyses the modification of capsular polysaccharides in some strains of Escherichia coli.

reaction:
acetyl-CoA + an alpha-2,8-linked polymer of sialic acid = CoA + polysialic acid acetylated at O-7 or O-9 [RN:R04484 R07249]


entry: 2.3.1.137
sysname: octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
reaction: octanoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-octanoylcarnitine [RN:R03779]
iubmb_reaction: R03779
name:
--- 
- carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
- medium-chain/long-chain carnitine acyltransferase
- carnitine medium-chain acyltransferase
- easily solubilized mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase
- overt mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase

comment:
Acts on a range of acyl-CoAs, with optimal activity with C6 or C8 acyl groups. cf. EC 2.3.1.7 (carnitine O-acetyltransferase) and EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase).


entry: 2.3.1.138
sysname: caffeoyl-CoA:putrescine N-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)transferase
comment: Feruloyl-CoA, cinnamoyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA can also act as donors, but more slowly.
reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + putrescine = CoA + N-caffeoylputrescine [RN:R01944]
iubmb_reaction: R01944
name:
--- 
- putrescine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
- caffeoyl-CoA putrescine N-caffeoyl transferase
- PHT
- putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase
- hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
- putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.139
sysname: palmitoyl-CoA:ecdysone palmitoyltransferase
reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + ecdysone = CoA + ecdysone palmitate [RN:R02375]
iubmb_reaction: R02375
name:
--- 
- ecdysone O-acyltransferase
- acyl-CoA:ecdysone acyltransferase
- fatty acyl-CoA:ecdysone acyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.140
sysname: caffeoyl-CoA:3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate 2'-O-caffeoyl-transferase
reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate = CoA + rosmarinate [RN:R03374]
iubmb_reaction: R03374
name:
--- 
- rosmarinate synthase
- rosmarinic acid synthase
- caffeoyl-coenzyme A:3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid caffeoyltransferase
- 4-coumaroyl-CoA:4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-coumaroyl transferase

comment:
Involved, with EC 1.1.1.237 (hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase) in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid.


entry: 2.3.1.141
sysname: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:D-galactosylacylglycerol O-acyltransferase
comment: Transfers long-chain acyl groups to the sn-1 position of the glycerol residue.
iubmb_reaction: R04473
name:
--- 
- galactosylacylglycerol O-acyltransferase
- "acyl-acyl-carrier protein: lysomonogalactosyldiacylglycerol acyltransferase"
- acyl-ACP:lyso-MGDG acyltransferase

reaction:
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + sn-3-D-galactosyl-sn-2-acylglycerol = [acyl-carrier protein] + D-galactosyldiacylglycerol [RN:R04473]


entry: 2.3.1.143
sysname: 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose:1,2,3,6-tetrakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose 4-O-galloyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04498
name:
--- 
- beta-glucogallin-tetrakisgalloylglucose O-galloyltransferase
- beta-glucogallin-tetragalloylglucose 4-galloyltransferase
- beta-glucogallin:1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloylglucose 4-O-galloyltransferase
- beta-glucogallin:1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose 4-O-galloyltransferase

reaction:
1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + 1,2,3,6-tetrakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = D-glucose + 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose [RN:R04498]


entry: 2.3.1.144
name: --- - anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase
sysname: benzoyl-CoA:anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase
reaction: benzoyl-CoA + anthranilate = CoA + N-benzoylanthranilate [RN:R02453]
iubmb_reaction: R02453
comment:
Cinnamoyl-CoA, 4-coumaroyl-CoA and salicyloyl-CoA can act as donors, but more slowly. Involved in the biosynthesis of phytoalexins.


entry: 2.3.1.145
sysname: (E,E)-piperoyl-CoA:piperidine N-piperoyltransferase
comment: Pyrrolidine and 3-pyrroline can also act as acceptors, but more slowly.
reaction: (E,E)-piperoyl-CoA + piperidine = CoA + N-[(E,E)-piperoyl]-piperidine [RN:R03994]
iubmb_reaction: R03994
name:
--- 
- piperidine N-piperoyltransferase
- piperidine piperoyltransferase
- piperoyl-CoA:piperidine N-piperoyltransferase


entry: 2.3.1.146
name: --- - pinosylvin synthase - stilbene synthase - pine stilbene synthase
sysname: malonyl-CoA:cinnamoyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing)
reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + cinnamoyl-CoA = 4 CoA + pinosylvin + 4 CO2 [RN:R02505]
iubmb_reaction: R02505
comment:
Not identical with EC 2.3.1.74 (naringenin-chalcone synthase) or EC 2.3.1.95 (trihydroxystilbene synthase).


entry: 2.3.1.147
name: --- - glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl-transferase (CoA-independent)
iubmb_reaction: R04720
sysname:
1-organyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lys o-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine arachidonoyltransferase (CoA-independent)

comment:
catalyses the transfer of arachidonate and other polyenoic fatty acids from intact choline or ethanolamine-containing glycerophospholipids to the sn-2 position of a lyso-glycerophospholipid. The organyl group on sn-1 of the donor or acceptor molecule can be alkyl, acyl or alk-1-enyl. The term 'radyl' has sometimes been used to refer to such substituting groups. Differs from EC 2.3.1.148 glycerophospholipid acyltransferase (CoA-dependent) in not requiring CoA and in its specificity for poly-unsaturated acyl groups.

reaction:
1-organyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-organyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [RN:R04720]


entry: 2.3.1.148
name: --- - glycerophospholipid acyltransferase (CoA-dependent)
iubmb_reaction: R04721
sysname:
1-organyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-gly cero-3-phosphoethanolamine acyltransferase (CoA-dependent)

comment:
catalyses the transfer of fatty acids from intact choline- or ethanolamine-containing glycerophospholipids to the sn-2 position of a lyso-glycerophospholipid. The organyl group on sn-1 of the donor or acceptor molecule can be alkyl, acyl or alk-1-enyl. The term 'radyl' has sometimes been used to refer to such substituting groups. Differs from EC 2.3.1.147 glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl-transferase (CoA-independent) in requiring CoA and not favouring the transfer of polyunsaturated acyl groups.

reaction:
1-organyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-organyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [RN:R04721]


entry: 2.3.1.149
name: --- - platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase - PAF acetyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R04722
sysname:
1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glyce ro-3-phospholipid acetyltransferase

comment:
catalyses the transfer of the acetyl group from 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet-activating factor) to the sn-2 position of lyso-glycerophospholipids containing ethanolamine, choline, serine, inositol or phosphate groups at the sn-3 position as well as to sphingosine and long-chain fatty alcohols. The organyl group can be alkyl, acyl or alk-1-enyl (sometimes also collectively referred to as 'radyl').

reaction:
1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid = 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid [RN:R04722]


entry: 2.3.1.150
name: --- - salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase
sysname: acetyl-CoA:salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + salutaridinol = CoA + 7-O-acetylsalutaridinol [RN:R04723]
iubmb_reaction: R04723
comment:
the enzyme is present in the poppy, Papaver somniferum. At pH 8-9 the product, 7-O-acetylsalutaridinol, spontaneously closes the 4->5 oxide bridge by allylic elimination to form the morphine precursor thebaine


entry: 2.3.1.151
name: --- - benzophenone synthase
sysname: malonyl-CoA:3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA malonyltransferase
comment: involved in the biosynthesis of plant xanthomes. Benzoyl-CoA can replace 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.
iubmb_reaction: R04709
kegg_reaction: R02447
reaction:
3 malonyl-CoA + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 2,3',4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone + 3 CO2 [RN:R04709]


entry: 2.3.1.152
name: --- - alcohol O-cinnamoyltransferase
sysname: 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose:alcohol O-cinnamoyltransferase
reaction: 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + ROH = alkyl cinnamate + glucose [RN:R04411]
iubmb_reaction: R04411 > R04409 R04410 R05061
comment:
acceptor alcohols (ROH) include methanol, ethanol and propanol. No cofactors are required as 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose itself is an "energy-rich" (activated) acyl-donor, comparable to CoA-thioesters. 1-O-trans-Cinnamoyl-beta-D-gentobiose can also act as the acyl donor, but with much less affinity.


entry: 2.3.1.153
name: --- - anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase
sysname: hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:anthocyanidin 3,5-diglucoside 5-O-glucoside-6"'-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05163
comment:
transfers the hydroxycinnamoyl group only to the C-5 glucoside of anthocyanin. Malonyl-CoA cannot act as a donor.

reaction:
hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA + anthocyanidin-3,5-diglucoside = CoA + anthocyanidin 3-glucoside-5-hydroxycinnamoylglucoside [RN:R05163]


entry: 2.3.1.154
sysname: 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA:propanoyl-CoA C2-4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyltransferase
reaction: 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA [RN:R05330]
iubmb_reaction: R05330
name:
--- 
- propionyl-CoA C2-trimethyltridecanoyltransferase
- 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA hydrolase
- 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA thiolase
- peroxisome sterol carrier protein thiolase
- sterol carrier protein
- oxopristanoyl-CoA thiolase
- peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl coenzyme A thiolase
- SCPx

comment:
The peroxisomal protein sterol carrier protein X (SCPx) combines this thiolase activity with its carrier function, and is involved in branched chain fatty acid beta-oxidation in peroxisomes. It also acts on 3-oxopalmitoyl-CoA as a substrate but differs from EC 2.3.1.16 (acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase), which has little activity towards the 3-oxoacyl-CoA esters of 2-methyl-branched chain fatty acids such as 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA.


entry: 2.3.1.155
sysname: myristoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase
reaction: myristoyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = 3-oxopalmitoyl-CoA + CoA [RN:R03991]
iubmb_reaction: R03991
name:
--- 
- acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase
- 3-oxopalmitoyl-CoA hydrolase
- 3-oxopalmitoyl-CoA-CoA acetyltransferase

comment:
A peroxisomal enzyme involved in branched chain fatty acid beta-oxidation in peroxisomes. It differs from EC 2.3.1.154 (propionyl-CoA C2-trimethyldecanoyltransferase) in not being active towards 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA.


entry: 2.3.1.156
sysname: isovaleryl-CoA:malonyl-CoA acyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R05331
name:
--- 
- phloroisovalerophenone synthase
- valerophenone synthase
- 3-methyl-1-(trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one synthase

comment:
Closely related to EC 2.3.1.74, naringenin-chalcone synthase. The product, 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one, is phloroisovalerophenone. Also acts on isobutyryl-CoA as substrate to give phlorisobutyrophenone. The products are intermediates in the biosynthesis of the bitter (alpha) acids in hops (Humulus lupulus).

reaction:
isovaleryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CoASH + 3 CO2 + 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one [RN:R05331]


entry: 2.3.1.157
sysname: acetyl-CoA:alpha-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate
iubmb_reaction: (other) R05332
kegg_reaction: R05332
name:
--- 
- glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase

comment:
The enzyme from several bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Haemophilus influenzae) has been shown to be bifunctional and also to possess the activity of EC 2.7.7.23, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase.


entry: 2.3.1.158
name: --- - phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase - PDAT
sysname: phospholipid:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
reaction: phospholipid + 1,2-diacylglycerol = lysophospholipid + triacylglycerol [RN:R05333]
iubmb_reaction: R05333
comment:
This enzyme differs from EC 2.3.1.20, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase, by synthesising triacylglycerol using an acyl-CoA-independent mechanism. The specificity of the enzyme for the acyl group in the phospholipid varies with species, e.g., the enzyme from castor bean (Ricinus communis) preferentially incorporates vernoloyl (12,13-epoxyoctadec-9-enoyl) groups into triacylglycerol, whereas that from the hawk's beard (Crepis palaestina) incorporates both ricinoleoyl (12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl) and vernoloyl groups. The enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae specifically transfers acyl groups from the sn-2 position of the phospholipid to diacylglycerol, thus forming an sn-1-lysophospholipid.


entry: 2.3.1.159
name: --- - acridone synthase
sysname: malonyl-CoA:N-methylanthraniloyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing)
iubmb_reaction: R07250
comment:
Belongs to a superfamily of plant polyketide synthases. Has many similarities to chalcone and stilbene synthases (see reaction synthesis)

reaction:
3 malonyl-CoA + N-methylanthraniloyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 1,3-dihydroxy-N-methylacridone + 3 CO2 [RN:R07250]


entry: 2.3.1.160
name: --- - vinorine synthase
sysname: acyl-CoA:16-epivellosimine O-acetyltransferase (cyclizing)
reaction: acetyl-CoA + 16-epivellosimine = CoA + vinorine [RN:R05876]
iubmb_reaction: R05876
comment:
The reaction proceeds in two stages. The indole nitrogen of 16-epivellosimine interacts with its aldehyde group giving an hydroxy-substituted new ring. This alcohol is then acetylated. Also acts on gardneral (11-methoxy-16-epivellosimine). Generates the ajmalan skeleton, which forms part of the route to ajmaline.


entry: 2.3.1.161
name: --- - lovastatin nonaketide synthase
iubmb_reaction: R07251
sysname:
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing, thioester-hydrolysing)

comment:
The microbial enzyme is a multi-functional protein catalysing many of the chain building reactions of EC 2.3.1.85, fatty-acid synthase, as well as a reductive methylation and a Diels-Alder reaction.

reaction:
acetyl-CoA + 8 malonyl-CoA + 11 NADPH + 10 H+ + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = dihydromonacolin L + 9 CoA + 8 CO2 + 11 NADP+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 6 H2O [RN:R07251]


entry: 2.3.1.162
sysname: acetyl-CoA:taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate [RN:R06307]
iubmb_reaction: R06307
name:
--- 
- taxadien-5alpha-ol O-acetyltransferase
- acetyl coenzyme A:taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5alpha-ol O-acetyl transferase


entry: 2.3.1.163
sysname: acetyl-CoA:taxan-10beta-ol O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + 10-desacetyltaxuyunnanin C = CoA + taxuyunnanin C [RN:R07252]
iubmb_reaction: R07252
name:
--- 
- 10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase
- "acetyl coenzyme A: 10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase"

comment:
Acts on a number of related taxane diterpenoids with a free 10beta-hydroxy group. May be identical to EC 2.3.1.167, 10-deacetylbaccatin III 10-O-acetyltransferase.


entry: 2.3.1.164
sysname: acyl-CoA:isopenicillin N N-acyltransferase
reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O = CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate [RN:R04868]
iubmb_reaction: R04868
kegg_reaction: R06361
name:
--- 
- isopenicillin-N N-acyltransferase
- acyl-coenzyme A:isopenicillin N acyltransferase
- "isopenicillin N:acyl-CoA: acyltransferase"

comment:
Proceeds by a two stage mechanism via 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Different from EC 3.5.1.11, penicillin amidase.


entry: 2.3.1.165
name: --- - 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase - MSAS
reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = 6-methylsalicylate + 4 CoA + 3 CO2 + NADP+ [RN:R07253]
iubmb_reaction: R07253
sysname:
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl-reducing, thioester-hydrolysing and cyclizing)

comment:
A multienzyme complex with a 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group on the acyl carrier protein. It has a similar sequence to vertebrate type I fatty acid synthase. Acetoacetyl-CoA can also act as a starter molecule.


entry: 2.3.1.166
sysname: benzoyl-CoA:taxan-2alpha-ol O-benzoyltransferase
reaction: benzoyl-CoA + 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III = CoA + 10-deacetylbaccatin III [RN:R06310]
iubmb_reaction: R06310
name:
--- 
- 2alpha-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase
- benzoyl-CoA:taxane 2alpha-O-benzoyltransferase

comment:
The enzyme was studied using the semisynthetic substrate 2-debenzoyl-7,13-diacetylbaccatin III. It will not acylate the hydroxy group at 1beta, 7beta, 10beta or 13alpha of 10-deacetyl baccatin III, or at 2alpha or 5alpha of taxa-4(20),11-diene-2alpha,5alpha-diol.


entry: 2.3.1.167
name: --- - 10-deacetylbaccatin III 10-O-acetyltransferase
sysname: acetyl-CoA:taxan-10beta-ol O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + 10-deacetylbaccatin III = CoA + baccatin III [RN:R06311]
iubmb_reaction: R06311
comment:
The enzyme will not acylate the hydroxy group at 1beta, 7beta or 13alpha of 10-deacetyl baccatin III, or at 5alpha of taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol. May be identical to EC 2.3.1.163, 10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase.


entry: 2.3.1.168
name: --- - dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase - dihydrolipoyl transacylase
sysname: enzyme-dihydrolipoyllysine:2-methylpropanoyl-CoA S-(2-methylpropanoyl)transferase
comment:
A multimer (24-mer) of this enzyme forms the core of the multienzyme 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase complex, and binds tightly both EC 1.2.4.4, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) and EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. The lipoyl group of this enzyme is reductively 2-methylpropanoylated by EC 1.2.4.4, and the only observed direction catalysed by EC 2.3.1.168 is that where this 2-methylpropanoyl is passed to coenzyme A. In addition to the 2-methylpropanoyl group, formed when EC 1.2.4.4 acts on the oxoacid that corresponds with valine, this enzyme also transfers the 3-methylbutanoyl and S-2-methylbutanoyl groups, donated to it when EC 1.2.4.4 acts on the oxo acids corresponding with leucine and isoleucine.

reaction:
2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine


entry: 2.3.1.169
name: --- - CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase
sysname: acetyl-CoA:corrinoid protein O-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA
comment:
Contains nickel, copper and iron-sulfur clusters. Also catalyses exchange reactions of carbon between C-1 of acetyl-CoA and CO, and between C-2 of acetyl-CoA and methyl corrinoid protein. Involved, together with EC 1.2.7.4, carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (ferredoxin), in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from CO2 and H2. To follow its stoichiometry, the reaction can be written as: CH3-CO-S-CoA + protein Co+ + H+ = CO + protein Co2+-CH3 + HS-CoA.


entry: 2.3.1.170
name: --- - 6'-deoxychalcone synthase
sysname: malonyl-CoA:4-coumaroyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing, reducing)
comment: Isoliquiritigenin is the precursor of liquiritigenin, a 5-deoxyflavanone.
iubmb_reaction: R07254
reaction:
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = 4 CoA + isoliquiritigenin + 3 CO2 + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R07254]


entry: 2.3.1.171
sysname: malonyl-CoA:anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside 6"-O-malonyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R07255 > R06801 R06817
name:
--- 
- anthocyanin 6"-O-malonyltransferase
- Dv3MaT
- malonyl-coenzymeA:anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside 6"-O-malonyltransferase
- 3MaT

comment:
Acts on pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside in dahlia (Dahlia variabilis), delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, and on cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in transgenic petunia (Petunia hybrida).

reaction:
malonyl-CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) [RN:R07255]


entry: 2.3.1.172
name: --- - anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase - Ss5MaT1
iubmb_reaction: R06799
sysname:
malonyl-CoA:pelargonidin-3-O-(6-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside)-5-O-beta- D-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase

comment:
Specific for the penultimate step in salvianin biosynthesis. The enzyme also catalyses the malonylation of shisonin to malonylshisonin [cyanidin 3-O-(6"-O-p-coumaryl-beta-D-glucoside)-5-(6'''-O-malonyl-beta-D-gluc oside)]. The compounds 4'''-demalonylsalvianin, salvianin, pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside and delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside cannot act as substrates.

reaction:
malonyl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + 4'''-demalonylsalvianin [RN:R06799]


entry: 2.3.1.173
name: --- - flavonol-3-O-triglucoside O-coumaroyltransferase
comment: Acylates kaempferol 3-O-triglucoside on the terminal glucosyl unit, almost certainly at C-6.
iubmb_reaction: (other) R06806
kegg_reaction: R06806
sysname:
4-coumaroyl-CoA:flavonol-3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl -(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] 6'''-O-4-coumaroyltransferase

reaction:
4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] = CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[6-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)- beta-D-glucoside]


entry: 2.3.1.175
sysname: acetyl-CoA:deacetylcephalosporin-C O-acetyltransferase
comment: This enzyme catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of cephalosporin C.
reaction: acetyl-CoA + deacetylcephalosporin C = CoA + cephalosporin C [RN:R03064]
iubmb_reaction: R03064
name:
--- 
- deacetylcephalosporin-C acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:deacetylcephalosporin-C acetyltransferase
- DAC acetyltransferase
- cefG
- deacetylcephalosporin C acetyltransferase
- acetyl coenzyme A:DAC acetyltransferase
- acetyl-CoA:DAC acetyltransferase
- CPC acetylhydrolase
- acetyl-CoA:DAC O-acetyltransferase
- DAC-AT


entry: 2.3.1.176
sysname: 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA:propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
name:
--- 
- propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
- peroxisomal thiolase 2
- sterol carrier protein-x
- SCP(x)
- PTE-2 (ambiguous)

comment:
Also acts on dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA and other branched chain acyl-CoA derivatives. The enzyme catalyses the penultimate step in the formation of bile acids. The bile acid moiety is transferred from the acyl-CoA thioester (RCO-SCoA) to either glycine or taurine (NH2R') by EC 2.3.1.65, bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase [4].

reaction:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = CoA + 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-24-oxo-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA


entry: 2.3.1.177
name: --- - biphenyl synthase - BIS
sysname: malonyl-CoA:benzoyl-CoA malonyltransferase
reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2
comment:
A polyketide synthase that is involved in the production of the phytoalexin aucuparin. 2-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA can also act as substrate but it leads to the derailment product 2-hydroxybenzoyltriacetic acid lactone. This enzyme uses the same starter substrate as EC 2.3.1.151, benzophenone synthase.


entry: 2.3.1.178
sysname: acetyl-CoA:L-2,4-diaminobutanoate N4-acetyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate = CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
iubmb_reaction: (other) R06978
kegg_reaction: R06978
name:
--- 
- diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase
- L-2,4-diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase
- L-2,4-diaminobutanoate acetyltransferase
- EctA
- diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase
- DABA acetyltransferase
- 2,4-diaminobutanoate acetyltransferase
- DAB acetyltransferase
- DABAcT

comment:
Requires Na+ or K+ for maximal activity [3]. Ornithine, lysine, aspartate, and alpha-, beta- and gamma-aminobutanoate cannot act as substrates [3]. However, acetyl-CoA can be replaced by propanoyl-CoA, although the reaction proceeds more slowly [3]. Forms part of the ectoine-biosynthesis pathway, the other enzymes involved being EC 2.6.1.76, diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase and EC 4.2.1.108, ectoine synthase.


entry: 2.3.1.179
iubmb_reaction: (other) R01624 R04355 R04726 R04952 R04957 R04960 R04963 R04968
kegg_reaction: R01624 R04355 R04726 R04952 R04957 R04960 R04963 R04968
name:
--- 
- beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase II
- KASII
- KAS II
- FabF
- 3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I
- beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II

sysname:
palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating)

comment:
Involved in the dissociated (or type II) fatty acid biosynthesis system that occurs in plants and bacteria. While the substrate specificity of this enzyme is very similar to that of EC 2.3.1.41, beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I, it differs in that palmitoleoyl-ACP is not a good substrate of EC 2.3.1.41 but is an excellent substrate of this enzyme [1,2]. The fatty-acid composition of Escherichia coli changes as a function of growth temperature, with the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increasing with lower growth temperature. This enzyme controls the temperature-dependent regulation of fatty-acid composition, with mutants lacking this acivity being deficient in the elongation of palmitoleate to cis-vaccenate at low temperatures [3,4].

reaction:
palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = cis-vaccenoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier-protein]


entry: 2.3.1.180
sysname: acetyl-CoA:malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] C-acyltransferase
reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = acetoacetyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + CoA + CO2
iubmb_reaction: (other) R01624 R04355 R04726 R04952 R04957 R04960 R04963 R04968
kegg_reaction: R01624 R04355 R04726 R04952 R04957 R04960 R04963 R04968
name:
--- 
- beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III
- 3-oxoacyl:ACP synthase III
- 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III
- KASIII
- KAS III
- FabH
- beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III
- beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III
- beta-ketoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase III

comment:
Involved in the dissociated (or type II) fatty-acid biosynthesis system that occurs in plants and bacteria. In contrast to EC 2.3.1.41 (beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I) and EC 2.3.1.179 (beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II), this enzyme specifically uses CoA thioesters rather than acyl-ACP as the primer [1]. In addition to the above reaction, the enzyme can also catalyse the reaction of EC 2.3.1.38, [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase, but to a much lesser extent [1]. The enzyme is responsible for initiating both straight- and branched-chain fatty-acid biosynthesis [2], with the substrate specificity in an organism reflecting the fatty-acid composition found in that organism [2,5]. For example, Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive bacterium, is able to use both straight- and branched-chain (C4-C6) acyl-CoA primers [3] whereas Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative organism, uses primarily short straight-chain acyl CoAs, with a preference for acetyl-CoA [4,5].


entry: 2.3.1.181
sysname: octanoyl-[acyl carrier protein]:protein N-octanoyltransferase
reaction: octanoyl-[acyl carrier protein] + protein = protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + acyl carrier protein
name:
--- 
- lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase
- LipB
- lipoyl (octanoyl)-[acyl-carrier-protein]-protein N-lipoyltransferase
- lipoyl (octanoyl)-acyl carrier protein:protein transferase
- lipoate/octanoate transferase
- lipoyltransferase
- octanoyl-[acyl carrier protein]-protein N-octanoyltransferase
- lipoyl(octanoyl)transferase

comment:
This is the first committed step in the biosynthesis of lipoyl cofactor. The lipoyl cofactor is essential for the function of several key enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism, including pyruvate dehydrogenase (E2 domain), 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E2 domain), the branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases and the glycine cleavage system (H protein) [2,3]. Lipoyl-ACP can also act as a substrate [4]. The remaining steps in the production of lipoyl cofactor involve EC 2.8.1.8, lipoyl synthase and EC 2.7.7.63, lipoate-protein ligase.


entry: 2.3.1.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) L-Alanine + Acetyl-CoA <=> 2-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid + CoA [RN:R00399]; (2) L-Lysine + Acetyl-CoA <=> N6-Acetyl-L-lysine + CoA [RN:R00454]; (3) 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + Lipoamide <=> S-(2-Methylpropanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + CO2 [RN:R01701]; (4) 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine + Acetyl-CoA <=> 4-(beta-Acetylaminoethyl)imidazole + CoA [RN:R02152]; (5) 2-Methylpropanoyl-CoA + Dihydrolipoamide <=> S-(2-Methylpropanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + CoA [RN:R02662]; (6) 2-Methylbutanoyl-CoA + Dihydrolipoamide <=> S-(2-Methylbutanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + CoA [RN:R03174]; (7) 3-Methylbutanoyl-CoA + Dihydrolipoamide <=> S-(3-Methylbutanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + CoA [RN:R04097]; (8) (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA <=> Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate [RN:R04254]; (9) UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine + Acyl-carrier protein <=> UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine + (3R)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] [RN:R04550]; (10) 4-Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA + Glycine <=> 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine + CoA [RN:R04777]; (11) Di[3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl]-lipid A + Acyl-carrier protein <=> Tetradecanoyl-[acp] + Lauroyl-KDO2-lipid IV(A) [RN:R05075]; (12) Lauroyl-KDO2-lipid IV(A) + Acyl-carrier protein <=> Dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + Di[3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl]-lipid IV(A) [RN:R05146]; (13) Benzoyl acetyl-CoA + CoA <=> S-Benzoate coenzyme A + Acetyl-CoA [RN:R05506]; (14) 3-Oxopimeloyl-CoA + CoA <=> Glutaryl-CoA + Acetyl-CoA [RN:R05586]; (15) Benzoylsuccinyl-CoA + CoA <=> S-Benzoate coenzyme A + Succinyl-CoA [RN:R05587]; (16) Phenylacetyl-CoA + Glycine <=> Phenylacetylglycine + CoA [RN:R05841]; (17) 2,6-Dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + CoA <=> 3-Isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + Propanoyl-CoA [RN:R06414]; (18) Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside <=> Cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)glucoside [RN:R06544]; (19) Cyanin <=> Cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)glucoside-5-O-glucoside [RN:R06545]; (20) Tropine <=> Acetyltropine [RN:R06735]; (21) Pseudotropine <=> Acetylpseudotropine [RN:R06736]; (22) Naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + CoA <=> 2-Naphthoyl-CoA + Succinyl-CoA [RN:R06908]; (23) 1-(1-Alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + Acyl-CoA <=> 2-Acyl-1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA [RN:R07382]


entry: 2.3.2.2
sysname: (5-L-glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase
reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-peptide + an amino acid = peptide + 5-L-glutamyl amino acid [RN:R04159]
iubmb_reaction: R04159 > R01262 R01687 R04935
kegg_reaction: R00494 R03867 R03916 R03970 R03971
name:
--- 
- gamma-glutamyltransferase
- glutamyl transpeptidase
- alpha-glutamyl transpeptidase
- gamma-glutamyl peptidyltransferase
- gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- gamma-GPT
- gamma-GT
- gamma-GTP
- L-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- L-gamma-glutamyltransferase
- L-glutamyltransferase


entry: 2.3.2.4
sysname: (5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase (cyclizing)
comment: The enzyme acts on derivatives of L-glutamate, L-2-aminobutanoate, L-alanine and glycine.
reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid = 5-oxoproline + L-amino acid [RN:R03749]
iubmb_reaction: R03749 > R02743
name:
--- 
- gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase
- gamma-glutamyl-amino acid cyclotransferase
- gamma-L-glutamylcyclotransferase
- L-glutamic cyclase


entry: 2.3.2.5
sysname: L-glutaminyl-peptide gamma-glutamyltransferase (cyclizing)
reaction: L-glutaminyl-peptide = 5-oxoprolyl-peptide + NH3 [RN:R04058]
iubmb_reaction: R04058
name:
--- 
- glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
- glutaminyl-tRNA cyclotransferase
- glutaminyl cyclase
- glutaminyl-transfer ribonucleate cyclotransferase

comment:
Involved in the formation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and other biologically active peptides containing N-terminal pyroglutamyl residues. The enzyme from papaya also acts on glutaminyl-tRNA.


entry: 2.3.2.6
sysname: L-leucyl-tRNA:protein leucyltransferase
reaction: L-leucyl-tRNA + protein = tRNA + L-leucyl-protein [RN:R03813]
iubmb_reaction: R03813
name:
--- 
- leucyltransferase
- leucyl, phenylalanine-tRNA-protein transferase
- leucyl-phenylalanine-transfer ribonucleate-protein aminoacyltransferase
- leucyl-phenylalanine-transfer ribonucleate-protein transferase

comment:
Also transfers phenylalanyl groups. Requires a univalent cation. Peptides and proteins containing an N-terminal arginine, lysine or histidine residue can act as acceptors.


entry: 2.3.2.8
sysname: L-arginyl-tRNA:protein arginyltransferase
reaction: L-arginyl-tRNA + protein = tRNA + L-arginyl-protein [RN:R03862]
iubmb_reaction: R03862
name:
--- 
- arginyltransferase
- arginine transferase
- arginyl-transfer ribonucleate-protein aminoacyltransferase
- arginyl-transfer ribonucleate-protein transferase
- arginyl-tRNA protein transferase

comment:
Requires mercaptoethanol and a univalent cation. Peptides and proteins containing an N-terminal glutamate, aspartate or cystine residue can act as acceptors.


entry: 2.3.2.9
sysname: (gamma-L-glutamyl)-N1-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)hydrazine:acceptor gamma-glutamyltransferase
reaction: agaritine + acceptor = 4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine + gamma-L-glutamyl-acceptor [RN:R03609]
iubmb_reaction: R03609
name:
--- 
- agaritine gamma-glutamyltransferase
- (gamma-L-glutamyl)-N1-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)hydrazine:(acceptor) gamma-glutamyltransferase

comment:
4-Hydroxyaniline, cyclohexylamine, 1-naphthylhydrazine and similar compounds can act as acceptors; the enzyme also catalyses the hydrolysis of agaritine.


entry: 2.3.2.10
comment: Also acts on L-seryl-tRNA.
iubmb_reaction: R04613
kegg_reaction: R05029 R05031 R05034
name:
--- 
- UDP-N-acetylmuramoylpentapeptide-lysine N6-alanyltransferase
- alanyl-transfer ribonucleate-uridine diphosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide transferase
- UDP-N-acetylmuramoylpentapeptide lysine N6-alanyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoacetylmuramoylpentapeptide lysine N6-alanyltransferase

sysname:
L-alanyl-tRNA:UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-ala nyl-D-alanine N6-alanyltransferase

reaction:
L-alanyl-tRNA + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine = tRNA + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-N6-(L-alanyl)-L-lysyl-D- alanyl-D-alanine [RN:R04613]


entry: 2.3.2.11
sysname: L-alanyl-tRNA:phosphatidylglycerol alanyltransferase
reaction: L-alanyl-tRNA + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNA + 3-O-L-alanyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol [RN:R03039]
iubmb_reaction: R03039
name:
--- 
- alanylphosphatidylglycerol synthase
- O-alanylphosphatidylglycerol synthase
- alanyl phosphatidylglycerol synthetase


entry: 2.3.2.13
sysname: protein-glutamine:amine gamma-glutamyltransferase
reaction: protein glutamine + alkylamine = protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 [RN:R03983]
iubmb_reaction: R03983
name:
--- 
- protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase
- transglutaminase
- Factor XIIIa
- fibrinoligase
- fibrin stabilizing factor
- glutaminylpeptide gamma-glutamyltransferase
- polyamine transglutaminase
- tissue transglutaminase
- R-glutaminyl-peptide:amine gamma-glutamyl transferase

comment:
Requires Ca2+. The gamma-carboxamide groups of peptide-bound glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of protein- and peptide-bound lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and inter-molecular N6-(5-glutamyl)-lysine crosslinks. Formed by proteolytic cleavage from plasma Factor XIII


entry: 2.3.2.14
name: --- - D-alanine gamma-glutamyltransferase
sysname: L-glutamine:D-alanine gamma-glutamyltransferase
reaction: L-glutamine + D-alanine = NH3 + gamma-L-glutamyl-D-alanine [RN:R01149]
iubmb_reaction: R01149
comment:
D-Phenylalanine and D-2-aminobutyrate can also act as acceptors, but more slowly. The enzyme also catalyses some of the reactions of EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase).


entry: 2.3.2.15
sysname: glutathione:poly(4-glutamyl-cysteinyl)glycine 4-glutamylcysteinyltransferase
reaction: glutathione + [Glu(-Cys)]n-Gly = Gly + [Glu(-Cys)](n+1)-Gly [RN:R03956]
iubmb_reaction: R03956
name:
--- 
- glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase
- phytochelatin synthase
- gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase


entry: 2.3.2.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Leukotriene D4 + H2O <=> Leukotriene E4 + Glycine [RN:R05055]; (2) Leukotriene E4 + L-Glutamate <=> Leukotriene F4 + H2O [RN:R05207]


entry: 2.3.3.1
sysname: acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-S)-carboxymethyl forming]
reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA [RN:R00351]
iubmb_reaction: R00351
name:
--- 
- citrate (Si)-synthase
- (R)-citric synthase
- citrate condensing enzyme
- citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3S)-CH2COO-->acetyl-CoA]
- citrate oxaloacetate-lyase, CoA-acetylating
- citrate synthase
- citrate synthetase
- citric synthase
- citric-condensing enzyme
- citrogenase
- condensing enzyme
- oxaloacetate transacetase
- oxalacetic transacetase

comment:
The stereospecificity of this enzyme is opposite to that of EC 2.3.3.3, citrate (Re)-synthase, which is found in some anaerobes.


entry: 2.3.3.2
iubmb_reaction: R03735
name:
--- 
- decylcitrate synthase
- 2-decylcitrate synthase
- (2S,3S)-2-hydroxytridecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate oxaloacetate-lyase (CoA-acylating)

sysname:
dodecanoyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-dodecanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxyundecyl-forming)

reaction:
lauroyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = (2S,3S)-2-hydroxytridecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate + CoA [RN:R03735]


entry: 2.3.3.3
sysname: acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming]
reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA [RN:R00351]
iubmb_reaction: R00351
name:
--- 
- citrate (Re)-synthase
- (R)-citrate synthase
- Re-citrate-synthase
- citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3R)-CH2COO-->acetyl-CoA]

comment:
This enzyme is inactivated by oxygen and is found in some anaerobes. Its stereospecificity is opposite to that of EC 2.3.3.1, citrate (Si)-synthase.


entry: 2.3.3.4
iubmb_reaction: R03859
name:
--- 
- decylhomocitrate synthase
- 2-decylhomocitrate synthase
- 3-hydroxytetradecane-1,3,4-tricarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate-lyase (CoA-acylating)

sysname:
dodecanoyl-CoA:2-oxoglutarate C-dodecanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxyundecyl-forming)

comment:
Decanoyl-CoA can act instead of dodecanoyl-CoA, but 2-oxoglutarate cannot be replaced by oxaloacetate or pyruvate.

reaction:
dodecanoyl-CoA + H2O + 2-oxoglutarate = (3S,4S)-3-hydroxytetradecane-1,3,4-tricarboxylate + CoA [RN:R03859]


entry: 2.3.3.5
sysname: propanoyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-propanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxyethyl-forming)
reaction: propanoyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = (2R,3S)-2-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate + CoA [RN:R00931]
iubmb_reaction: R00931
name:
--- 
- 2-methylcitrate synthase
- 2-methylcitrate oxaloacetate-lyase
- MCS
- methylcitrate synthase
- methylcitrate synthetase

comment:
The enzyme acts on acetyl-CoA, propanoyl-CoA, butanoyl-CoA and pentanoyl-CoA. The relative rate of condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate is 140% of that of propanoyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, but the enzyme has been separated from EC 2.3.3.1 citrate (Si)-synthase. Oxaloacetate cannot be replaced by glyoxylate, pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate.


entry: 2.3.3.6
sysname: acetyl-CoA:2-oxobutanoate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)
reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + 2-oxobutanoate = (R)-2-ethylmalate + CoA [RN:R00998]
iubmb_reaction: R00998
name:
--- 
- 2-ethylmalate synthase
- (R)-2-ethylmalate 2-oxobutanoyl-lyase (CoA-acetylating)
- 2-ethylmalate-3-hydroxybutanedioate synthase
- propylmalate synthase
- propylmalic synthase

comment:
Also acts on (R)-2-(n-propyl)-malate. Formerly wrongly included with EC 2.3.3.7 3-ethylmalate synthase.


entry: 2.3.3.7
sysname: butanoyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-butanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxypropyl-forming)
reaction: butanoyl-CoA + H2O + glyoxylate = 3-ethylmalate + CoA [RN:R01180]
iubmb_reaction: R01180
name:
--- 
- 3-ethylmalate synthase
- 2-ethyl-3-hydroxybutanedioate synthase
- 3-ethylmalate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-butanoylating)


entry: 2.3.3.8
sysname: acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [(pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming, ADP-phosphorylating]
reaction: ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA [RN:R00352]
iubmb_reaction: R00352
name:
--- 
- ATP citrate synthase
- ATP-citric lyase
- ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-S)-CH2COO-->acetyl-CoA] (ATP-dephosphorylating)
- acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing
- ADP-phosphorylating)
- adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase
- citrate cleavage enzyme
- citrate-ATP lyase
- citric cleavage enzyme
- ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase

comment:
The enzyme can be dissociated into components, two of which are identical with EC 4.1.3.34 (citryl-CoA lyase) and EC 6.2.1.18 (citrate-CoA ligase).


entry: 2.3.3.9
sysname: acetyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)
reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + glyoxylate = S-malate + CoA [RN:R00472]
iubmb_reaction: R00472
name:
--- 
- malate synthase
- L-malate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-acetylating)
- glyoxylate transacetylase
- glyoxylate transacetase
- glyoxylic transacetase
- malate condensing enzyme
- malate synthetase
- malic synthetase
- malic-condensing enzyme


entry: 2.3.3.10
sysname: acetyl-CoA:acetoacetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)
reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + acetoacetyl-CoA = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA [RN:R01978]
iubmb_reaction: R01978
name:
--- 
- hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase
- (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA-lyase (CoA-acetylating)
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthetase
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthetase
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase
- beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase
- HMG-CoA synthase
- acetoacetyl coenzyme A transacetase
- hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase
- hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A-condensing enzyme


entry: 2.3.3.11
sysname: propanoyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-propanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 2-carboxyethyl-forming)
reaction: propanoyl-CoA + H2O + glyoxylate = 2-hydroxyglutarate + CoA [RN:R00932]
iubmb_reaction: R00932
name:
--- 
- 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase
- 2-hydroxyglutaratic synthetase
- 2-hydroxyglutaric synthetase
- alpha-hydroxyglutarate synthase
- hydroxyglutarate synthase
- 2-hydroxyglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-propanoylating)


entry: 2.3.3.12
sysname: pentanoyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-pentanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 1-carboxybutyl-forming)
reaction: pentanoyl-CoA + H2O + glyoxylate = 3-propylmalate + CoA [RN:R03040]
iubmb_reaction: R03040
name:
--- 
- 3-propylmalate synthase
- 3-(n-propyl)-malate synthase
- 3-propylmalate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-pentanoylating)
- beta-n-propylmalate synthase
- n-propylmalate synthase


entry: 2.3.3.13
comment: Requires K+.
reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA [RN:R01213]
iubmb_reaction: R01213
name:
--- 
- 2-isopropylmalate synthase
- 3-carboxy-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate-lyase (CoA-acetylating)
- alpha-isopropylmalate synthetase
- alpha-isopropylmalate synthase
- alpha-isopropylmalic synthetase
- isopropylmalate synthase
- isopropylmalate synthetase

sysname:
acetyl-CoA:3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl-forming)


entry: 2.3.3.14
sysname: acetyl-CoA:2-oxoglutarate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl forming)
reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + CoA [RN:R00271]
iubmb_reaction: R00271
name:
--- 
- homocitrate synthase
- 2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate-lyase (CoA-acetylating)
- acetyl-coenzyme A:2-ketoglutarate C-acetyl transferase
- homocitrate synthetase


entry: 2.4.1.1
sysname: 1,4-alpha-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R01821 R06050(G)
kegg_reaction: R02111 R06185(G)
name:
--- 
- phosphorylase
- muscle phosphorylase a and b
- amylophosphorylase
- polyphosphorylase
- amylopectin phosphorylase
- glucan phosphorylase
- alpha-glucan phosphorylase
- 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase
- glucosan phosphorylase
- glycogen phosphorylase
- granulose phosphorylase
- maltodextrin phosphorylase
- muscle phosphorylase
- myophosphorylase
- potato phosphorylase
- starch phosphorylase

comment:
The accepted name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.

reaction:
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate [RN:R01821 R06050]


entry: 2.4.1.2
name: --- - dextrin dextranase - dextrin 6-glucosyltransferase - dextran dextrinase
sysname: 1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,6-alpha-D-glucan 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
iubmb_reaction: R02121 R06184(G)
reaction:
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)m = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)(m+1) [RN:R02121 R06184]


entry: 2.4.1.3
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: amylomaltase. Now included with EC 2.4.1.25, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.3 created 1961, deleted 1972)


entry: 2.4.1.4
sysname: sucrose:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
reaction: sucrose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = D-fructose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) [RN:R01823 R06052]
iubmb_reaction: R01823 R06052(G)
name:
--- 
- amylosucrase
- sucrose-glucan glucosyltransferase
- sucrose-1,4-alpha-glucan glucosyltransferase


entry: 2.4.1.5
sysname: sucrose:1,6-alpha-D-glucan 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
reaction: sucrose + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = D-fructose + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) [RN:R02120 R06066]
iubmb_reaction: R02120 R06066(G)
name:
--- 
- dextransucrase
- sucrose 6-glucosyltransferase
- SGE
- CEP
- sucrose-1,6-alpha-glucan glucosyltransferase


entry: 2.4.1.7
name: --- - sucrose phosphorylase - sucrose glucosyltransferase - disaccharide glucosyltransferase
sysname: sucrose:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
reaction: sucrose + phosphate = D-fructose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate [RN:R00803 R06034]
iubmb_reaction: R00803 R06034(G)
comment:
In the forward reaction, arsenate may replace phosphate. In the reverse reaction, various ketoses and L-arabinose may replace D-fructose.


entry: 2.4.1.10
sysname: sucrose:2,6-beta-D-fructan 6-beta-D-fructosyltransferase
comment: Some other sugars can act as D-fructosyl acceptors.
reaction: sucrose + (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)n = glucose + (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)(n+1) [RN:R04195 R06060]
iubmb_reaction: R04195 R06060(G) > R05140 R06079(G)
name:
--- 
- levansucrase
- sucrose 6-fructosyltransferase
- beta-2,6-fructosyltransferase
- beta-2,6-fructan:D-glucose 1-fructosyltransferase


entry: 2.4.1.11
sysname: UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) [RN:R00292 R06051]
iubmb_reaction: R00292 R06051(G)
name:
--- 
- glycogen(starch) synthase
- UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase
- glycogen (starch) synthetase
- UDP-glycogen synthase
- UDPG-glycogen synthetase
- UDPG-glycogen transglucosylase
- uridine diphosphoglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase

comment:
The accepted name varies according to the source of the enzyme and the nature of its synthetic product (cf. EC 2.4.1.1, phosphorylase). Glycogen synthase from animal tissues is a complex of a catalytic subunit and the protein glycogenin. The enzyme requires glucosylated glycogenin as a primer; this is the reaction product of EC 2.4.1.186 (glycogenin glucosyltransferase). A similar enzyme utilizes ADP-glucose (EC 2.4.1.21, starch synthase).


entry: 2.4.1.12
sysname: UDP-glucose:1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase
reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4-beta-D-glucosyl)n = UDP + (1,4-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1) [RN:R02889 R06023]
iubmb_reaction: R02889 R06023(G)
name:
--- 
- cellulose synthase (UDP-forming)
- UDP-glucose-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase
- UDP-glucose-cellulose glucosyltransferase
- GS-I
- beta-1,4-glucosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucose-1,4-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase
- beta-1,4-glucan synthase
- beta-1,4-glucan synthetase
- beta-glucan synthase
- 1,4-beta-D-glucan synthase
- 1,4-beta-glucan synthase
- glucan synthase
- UDP-glucose-1,4-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucose-cellulose glucosyltransferase

comment:
Involved in the synthesis of cellulose. A similar enzyme utilizes GDP-glucose [EC 2.4.1.29 cellulose synthase (GDP-forming)].


entry: 2.4.1.13
sysname: NDP-glucose:D-fructose 2-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
reaction: NDP-glucose + D-fructose = NDP + sucrose [RN:R07256]
iubmb_reaction: R07256 > R00806 R06036(G)
name:
--- 
- sucrose synthase
- UDPglucose-fructose glucosyltransferase
- sucrose synthetase
- sucrose-UDP glucosyltransferase
- sucrose-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucose-fructose glucosyltransferase

comment:
Although UDP is generally considered to be the preferred nucleoside diphosphate for sucrose synthase, numerous studies have shown that ADP serves as an effective acceptor molecule to produce ADP-glucose [3-9]. Sucrose synthase has a dual role in producing both UDP-glucose (necessary for cell wall and glycoprotein biosynthesis) and ADP-glucose (necessary for starch biosynthesis) [10].


entry: 2.4.1.14
sysname: UDP-glucose:D-fructose-6-phosphate 2-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose 6-phosphate = UDP + sucrose 6-phosphate [RN:R00766 R06073]
iubmb_reaction: R00766 R06073(G)
name:
--- 
- sucrose-phosphate synthase
- UDP-glucose-fructose-phosphate glucosyltransferase
- sucrosephosphate-UDP glucosyltransferase
- SPS
- uridine diphosphoglucose-fructose phosphate glucosyltransferase
- sucrose 6-phosphate synthase
- sucrose phosphate synthetase
- sucrose phosphate-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase


entry: 2.4.1.15
sysname: UDP-glucose:D-glucose-6-phosphate 1-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
comment: See also EC 2.4.1.36 [alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming)].
reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate [RN:R00836 R06043]
iubmb_reaction: R00836 R06043(G) > R02737 R06226(G)
name:
--- 
- alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming)
- UDP-glucose-glucose-phosphate glucosyltransferase
- trehalosephosphate-UDP glucosyltransferase
- alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphate synthase (UDP-forming)
- phosphotrehalose-uridine diphosphate transglucosylase
- trehalose 6-phosphate synthase
- trehalose 6-phosphate synthetase
- trehalose phosphate synthase
- trehalose phosphate synthetase
- trehalose phosphate-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase
- trehalose-P synthetase
- transglucosylase
- uridine diphosphoglucose phosphate glucosyltransferase


entry: 2.4.1.16
sysname: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase
comment: Converts UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine into chitin and UDP.
iubmb_reaction: R02335 R06028(G)
name:
--- 
- chitin synthase
- chitin-UDP N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
- chitin-uridine diphosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase
- chitin synthetase
- trans-N-acetylglucosaminosylase

reaction:
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n = UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)](n+1) [RN:R02335 R06028]


entry: 2.4.1.17
sysname: UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific)
reaction: UDP-glucuronate + acceptor = UDP + acceptor beta-D-glucuronoside [RN:R01383]
iubmb_reaction: R01383 > R02358 R02389 R02478 R02502 R02902 R03091 R04352 R04353 R04354 R04683 R07106
name:
--- 
- glucuronosyltransferase
- 1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase
- 1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- 17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- 3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- 4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- 4-methylumbelliferone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase
- 4-nitrophenol UDPGT
- 17-OH steroid UDPGT
- 3-OH androgenic UDPGT
- bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase
- bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- bilirubin monoglucuronide glucuronyltransferase
- bilirubin UDPGT
- bilirubin glucuronyltransferase
- ciramadol UDP-glucuronyltransferase
- estriol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- estrone UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucuronate-bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estradiol glucuronosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucuronate-1,2-diacylglycerol glucuronosyltransferase
- uridine diphosphoglucuronate-estriol 16alpha-glucuronosyltransferase
- GT
- morphine glucuronyltransferase
- p-hydroxybiphenyl UDP glucuronyltransferase
- p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase
- p-nitrophenylglucuronosyltransferase
- p-phenylphenol glucuronyltransferase
- phenyl-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- PNP-UDPGT
- UDP glucuronate-estradiol-glucuronosyltransferase
- UDP glucuronosyltransferase
- UDP glucuronate-estriol glucuronosyltransferase
- UDP glucuronic acid transferase
- UDP glucuronyltransferase
- UDP-glucuronate-4-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronosyltransferase
- UDP-glucuronate-bilirubin glucuronyltransferase
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- UDP-glucuronyltransferase
- UDPGA transferase
- UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase
- UDPGT
- uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase
- uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase
- uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase

comment:
This entry denotes a family of enzymes accepting a wide range of substrates, including phenols, alcohols, amines and fatty acids. Some of the activities catalysed were previously listed separately as EC 2.4.1.42, EC 2.4.1.59, EC 2.4.1.61, EC 2.4.1.76, EC 2.4.1.77, EC 2.4.1.84, EC 2.4.1.107 and EC 2.4.1.108. A temporary nomenclature for the various forms, whose delineation is in a state of flux, is suggested in Ref. 1.


