# drugs

entry: D05901
name: --- - Picoprazole
formula: C17H17N3O3S
remark: Therapeutic category: 2329
kcf:
ATOM        24
            1   C8y C    26.0252  -20.1353
            2   C8y C    26.7306  -18.9284
            3   N5x N    24.5215  -19.8438
            4   C8x C    26.7190  -21.3479
            5   N4x N    25.7862  -17.8906
            6   C8x C    28.1242  -18.9400
            7   C8y C    24.5152  -18.4503
            8   C8y C    28.1125  -21.3538
            9   C8y C    28.8121  -20.1469
            10  S4a S    23.3084  -17.7565
            11  C1b C    22.1015  -18.4561
            12  O3c O    23.3084  -16.3630
            13  C8y C    20.8946  -17.7565
            14  C8y C    19.6878  -18.4561
            15  N5x N    20.8946  -16.3630
            16  C8x C    18.4751  -17.7565
            17  C1a C    19.6878  -19.8495
            18  C8x C    19.6878  -15.6634
            19  C8x C    18.4751  -16.3630
            20  C1a C    28.8137  -22.5772
            21  C7a C    30.2400  -20.1519
            22  O7a O    30.9393  -21.3728
            23  O7a O    30.9406  -18.9479
            24  C1a C    32.3397  -21.3777
BOND        26
            1     1   2 1
            2     1   3 1
            3     1   4 2
            4     2   5 1
            5     2   6 2
            6     3   7 2
            7     4   8 1
            8     6   9 1
            9     7  10 1
            10   10  11 1
            11   10  12 2
            12   11  13 1
            13   13  14 2
            14   13  15 1
            15   14  16 1
            16   14  17 1
            17   15  18 2
            18   16  19 2
            19    5   7 1
            20    8   9 2
            21   18  19 1
            22    8  20 1
            23    9  21 1
            24   21  22 1
            25   21  23 2
            26   22  24 1


entry: D05906
name: --- - Leminoprazole
formula: C19H23N3OS
remark: Therapeutic category: 2329
kcf:
ATOM        24
            1   C8y C    26.0252  -20.1353
            2   C8y C    26.7306  -18.9284
            3   N5x N    24.5215  -19.8438
            4   N4x N    25.7862  -17.8906
            5   C8y C    24.5152  -18.4503
            6   S4a S    23.3084  -17.7565
            7   C1b C    22.1015  -18.4561
            8   O3c O    23.3084  -16.3630
            9   C8y C    20.8946  -17.7565
            10  C8y C    19.6878  -18.4561
            11  C8x C    20.8946  -16.3630
            12  C8x C    18.4751  -17.7565
            13  N1c N    19.6878  -19.8495
            14  C8x C    19.6878  -15.6634
            15  C8x C    18.4751  -16.3630
            16  C1b C    18.4487  -20.5644
            17  C1a C    20.8996  -20.5494
            18  C1c C    17.2667  -19.8815
            19  C1a C    16.0723  -20.5708
            20  C1a C    17.2670  -18.4802
            21  C8x C    26.7188  -21.3514
            22  C8x C    28.1188  -21.3589
            23  C8x C    28.8242  -20.1520
            24  C8x C    28.1306  -18.9358
BOND        26
            1     1   2 1
            2     1   3 1
            3     2   4 1
            4     3   5 2
            5     5   6 1
            6     6   7 1
            7     6   8 2
            8     7   9 1
            9     9  10 2
            10    9  11 1
            11   10  12 1
            12   10  13 1
            13   11  14 2
            14   12  15 2
            15    4   5 1
            16   14  15 1
            17   13  16 1
            18   13  17 1
            19   16  18 1
            20   18  19 1
            21   18  20 1
            22    1  21 2
            23   21  22 1
            24   22  23 2
            25   23  24 1
            26    2  24 2


entry: D05938
name: --- - Sufentanil (USAN)
formula: C22H30N2O2S
activity: Analgesic
remark: Same as: C08022 Therapeutic category: 8219
kcf:
ATOM        27
            1   C1z C    23.6636  -16.4765
            2   N1c N    24.8687  -15.7756
            3   C1x C    23.6636  -17.8845
            4   C1x C    22.4462  -15.7756
            5   C1b C    24.8687  -17.1774
            6   C8y C    26.0798  -16.4704
            7   C5a C    24.8687  -14.3738
            8   C1x C    22.4462  -18.5792
            9   C1x C    21.2350  -16.4765
            10  O2a O    24.8687  -18.5731
            11  C8x C    26.0859  -17.8722
            12  C8x C    27.2910  -15.7633
            13  C1b C    23.6573  -13.6790
            14  O5a O    26.0798  -13.6730
            15  N1y N    21.2350  -17.8845
            16  C1a C    26.0798  -19.2800
            17  C8x C    27.3033  -18.5608
            18  C8x C    28.5022  -16.4642
            19  C1a C    22.4401  -14.3738
            20  C1b C    20.0238  -18.5792
            21  C8x C    28.5082  -17.8599
            22  C1b C    18.8066  -17.8845
            23  C8y C    17.5952  -18.5792
            24  C8x C    16.4764  -17.7369
            25  S2x S    17.1342  -19.9010
            26  C8x C    15.3266  -18.5299
            27  C8x C    15.7386  -19.8764
BOND        29
            1     1   2 1
            2     1   3 1
            3     1   4 1
            4     1   5 1
            5     2   6 1
            6     2   7 1
            7     3   8 1
            8     4   9 1
            9     5  10 1
            10    6  11 2
            11    6  12 1
            12    7  13 1
            13    7  14 2
            14    8  15 1
            15   10  16 1
            16   11  17 1
            17   12  18 2
            18   13  19 1
            19   15  20 1
            20   17  21 2
            21   20  22 1
            22   22  23 1
            23   23  24 2
            24   23  25 1
            25   24  26 1
            26   25  27 1
            27    9  15 1
            28   18  21 1
            29   26  27 2


entry: D05949
name: --- - Sulfadiazine sodium (USP) - Sulfadiazine sodium (TN)
formula: C10H9N4O2S. Na
activity: Antibacterial
kcf:
ATOM        18
            1   C8y C    25.0918  -17.0682
            2   S4a S    26.3049  -16.3649
            3   C8x C    25.0277  -18.4691
            4   C8x C    23.8845  -16.3649
            5   N0  N    27.5181  -17.0682 #-
            6   O3c O    27.2895  -15.3746
            7   O3c O    25.3029  -15.3746
            8   C8x C    23.8845  -19.1724
            9   C8x C    22.6712  -17.0565
            10  C8y C    28.7373  -16.3649
            11  C8y C    22.6653  -18.4691
            12  N5x N    28.8015  -14.9585
            13  N5x N    29.9446  -17.0682
            14  N1a N    21.4521  -19.1664
            15  C8x C    29.9446  -14.2552
            16  C8x C    31.1577  -16.3709
            17  C8x C    31.1635  -14.9585
            18  Z   Na   27.3000  -18.6200 #+
BOND        18
            1     1   2 1
            2     1   3 2
            3     1   4 1
            4     2   5 1
            5     2   6 2
            6     2   7 2
            7     3   8 1
            8     4   9 2
            9     5  10 1
            10    8  11 2
            11   10  12 2
            12   10  13 1
            13   11  14 1
            14   12  15 1
            15   13  16 2
            16   15  17 2
            17    9  11 1
            18   16  17 1


entry: D06246
name: --- - Tripelennamine citrate - PBZ (TN)
formula: C16H21N3. C6H8O7
activity: Antihistaminic
kcf:
ATOM        32
            1   C8x C     2.8182   -7.5277
            2   C8x C     2.8182   -8.9322
            3   C8x C     4.0345   -9.6345
            4   C8x C     5.2509   -8.9322
            5   C8y C     5.2509   -7.5277
            6   C8x C     4.0345   -6.8255
            7   N5x N     6.4672   -9.6345
            8   C8y C     7.6835   -8.9322
            9   N1c N     7.6835   -7.5277
            10  C1b C     6.4672   -6.8255
            11  C8x C     6.4672  -11.0390
            12  C8x C     7.6835  -11.7412
            13  C8x C     8.8999  -11.0390
            14  C8x C     8.8999   -9.6345
            15  C1b C     8.8849   -6.8340
            16  C1b C    10.0770   -7.5222
            17  N1c N    11.2716   -6.8324
            18  C1a C    12.4651   -7.5214
            19  C1a C    11.2716   -5.4212
            20  C1d C    18.7665   -8.6445
            21  C1b C    17.5553   -9.3408
            22  C1b C    19.9778   -9.3348
            23  C6a C    19.4570   -7.4273
            24  O1a O    18.0584   -7.4273
            25  C6a C    16.3498   -8.6503
            26  C6a C    19.9661  -10.7335
            27  O6a O    18.7489   -6.2103
            28  O6a O    20.8614   -7.4273
            29  O6a O    15.1387   -9.3525
            30  O6a O    16.4081   -7.2519
            31  O6a O    21.1774  -11.4356
            32  O6a O    18.7489  -11.4297
BOND        32
            1     1   2 2
            2     2   3 1
            3     3   4 2
            4     4   5 1
            5     5   6 2
            6     1   6 1
            7     7   8 1
            8     8   9 1
            9     9  10 1
            10    5  10 1
            11    7  11 2
            12   11  12 1
            13   12  13 2
            14   13  14 1
            15    8  14 2
            16    9  15 1
            17   15  16 1
            18   16  17 1
            19   17  18 1
            20   17  19 1
            21   20  21 1
            22   20  22 1
            23   20  23 1
            24   20  24 1
            25   21  25 1
            26   22  26 1
            27   23  27 1
            28   23  28 2
            29   25  29 1
            30   25  30 2
            31   26  31 1
            32   26  32 2


entry: D06268
name: --- - Trimeperidine
formula: C17H25NO2
remark: Therapeutic category: 8211
kcf:
ATOM        20
            1   C8x C    22.0159  -17.2446
            2   C8y C    22.0159  -18.6470
            3   C8x C    23.2304  -19.3482
            4   C8x C    24.4450  -18.6470
            5   C8x C    24.4450  -17.2446
            6   C8x C    23.2304  -16.5434
            7   C1z C    20.8015  -19.3482
            8   C1y C    19.6040  -18.6566
            9   C1x C    18.3894  -19.3577
            10  N1y N    18.3892  -20.7601
            11  C1y C    19.5867  -21.4517
            12  C1x C    20.8013  -20.7506
            13  C1a C    17.1643  -21.4672
            14  O7a O    21.5027  -20.5627
            15  C7a C    22.9273  -20.5631
            16  C1b C    23.6184  -21.7606
            17  C1a C    25.0308  -21.7611
            18  C1a C    19.6040  -17.2900
            19  C1a C    19.5869  -22.8199
            20  O7a O    23.6282  -19.8397
BOND        21
            1     1   2 2
            2     2   3 1
            3     3   4 2
            4     4   5 1
            5     5   6 2
            6     1   6 1
            7     2   7 1
            8     7   8 1
            9     8   9 1
            10    9  10 1
            11   10  11 1
            12   11  12 1
            13    7  12 1
            14   10  13 1
            15    7  14 1
            16   14  15 1
            17   15  16 1
            18   16  17 1
            19    8  18 1 #Up
            20   11  19 1 #Down
            21   15  20 2


entry: D06395
name: --- - Enadoline hydrochloride (USAN)
formula: C24H32N2O3. HCl
activity: Analgesic
kcf:
ATOM        30
            1   C8x C    24.6477  -15.7565
            2   C8x C    24.6477  -17.1576
            3   C8y C    25.8611  -17.8581
            4   C8y C    27.0745  -17.1576
            5   C8y C    27.0745  -15.7565
            6   C8x C    25.8611  -15.0559
            7   C8x C    28.4071  -17.5905
            8   C8x C    29.2306  -16.4570
            9   O2x O    28.4071  -15.3235
            10  C1b C    25.8608  -19.2497
            11  C5a C    24.6252  -19.9631
            12  N1c N    23.4183  -19.2663
            13  O5a O    24.6254  -21.3499
            14  C1a C    23.4179  -17.8504
            15  C1y C    22.2367  -19.9485
            16  C1y C    21.0425  -19.2589
            17  C1x C    19.8300  -19.9588
            18  C1z C    19.8299  -21.3588
            19  C1x C    21.0241  -22.0484
            20  C1x C    22.2366  -21.3485
            21  N1y N    21.0424  -17.8503
            22  C1x C    22.1930  -17.0140
            23  C1x C    21.7531  -15.6613
            24  C1x C    20.3307  -15.6616
            25  C1x C    19.8915  -17.0145
            26  O2x O    18.5108  -20.8890
            27  C1x C    17.6551  -21.9970
            28  C1x C    18.4445  -23.1533
            29  C1x C    19.7881  -22.7598
            30  X   Cl   28.7000  -20.2300
BOND        33
            1     1   2 2
            2     2   3 1
            3     3   4 2
            4     4   5 1
            5     5   6 2
            6     1   6 1
            7     4   7 1
            8     7   8 2
            9     8   9 1
            10    5   9 1
            11    3  10 1
            12   10  11 1
            13   11  12 1
            14   11  13 2
            15   12  14 1
            16   15  16 1
            17   16  17 1
            18   17  18 1
            19   18  19 1
            20   19  20 1
            21   15  20 1
            22   21  16 1 #Down
            23   21  22 1
            24   22  23 1
            25   23  24 1
            26   24  25 1
            27   21  25 1
            28   18  26 1 #Down
            29   26  27 1
            30   27  28 1
            31   28  29 1
            32   18  29 1
            33   12  15 1 #Up


entry: D06397
formula: C23H30Cl2NO6P. 2Na. H2O
remark: Therapeutic category: 4219
name:
--- 
- Estramustine phosphate sodium (JAN)
- Estramustine phosphate sodium monohydrate
- Estracyt (TN)

kcf:
ATOM        36
            1   C8x C    28.8172  -16.3273
            2   C8y C    28.8172  -17.7272
            3   C8x C    30.0297  -18.4274
            4   C8y C    31.2421  -17.7272
            5   C8y C    31.2421  -16.3273
            6   C8x C    30.0297  -15.6272
            7   C1x C    32.4546  -18.4274
            8   C1x C    33.6672  -17.7272
            9   C1y C    33.6672  -16.3273
            10  C1y C    32.4546  -15.6272
            11  C1y C    34.8797  -15.6272
            12  C1z C    34.8797  -14.2270
            13  C1x C    33.6672  -13.5270
            14  C1x C    32.4546  -14.2270
            15  C1x C    36.2114  -16.0597
            16  C1x C    37.0343  -14.9271
            17  C1y C    36.2114  -13.7943
            18  O7a O    27.6047  -18.4274
            19  C1a C    34.8797  -12.8269
            20  C7a C    26.4073  -17.7358
            21  N1c N    25.2210  -18.4209
            22  O7a O    26.4072  -16.3258
            23  C1b C    24.0073  -17.7203
            24  C1b C    22.8225  -18.4044
            25  X   Cl   21.6317  -17.7169
            26  C1b C    25.2210  -19.8073
            27  C1b C    24.0128  -20.5048
            28  X   Cl   22.8198  -19.8160
            29  O2b O    36.2114  -12.3366
            30  P1b P    37.4500  -11.6219
            31  O3b O    38.6750  -10.9147
            32  O0  O    38.1387  -12.8159 #-
            33  O0  O    36.7254  -10.3655 #-
            34  Z   Na   34.6568  -10.4688 #+
            35  Z   Na   38.1931  -13.9343 #+
            36  O0  O    39.0600  -17.0100
BOND        36
            1     1   2 2
            2     2   3 1
            3     3   4 2
            4     4   5 1
            5     5   6 2
            6     1   6 1
            7     4   7 1
            8     7   8 1
            9     8   9 1
            10    9  10 1
            11    5  10 1
            12    9  11 1
            13   11  12 1
            14   12  13 1
            15   13  14 1
            16   10  14 1
            17   11  15 1
            18   15  16 1
            19   16  17 1
            20   12  17 1
            21    2  18 1
            22   12  19 1 #Up
            23   18  20 1
            24   20  21 1
            25   20  22 2
            26   21  23 1
            27   23  24 1
            28   24  25 1
            29   21  26 1
            30   26  27 1
            31   27  28 1
            32   17  29 1 #Up
            33   29  30 1
            34   30  31 2
            35   30  32 1
            36   30  33 1


# enzymes

entry: 1.1.1.1
sysname: alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+ [RN:R07326 R07327]
iubmb_reaction: R07326 > R00623 R00754 R01036 R04805 R04880 R06917 R06927; R07327 > R00624
kegg_reaction: R01041 R07105
name:
--- 
- alcohol dehydrogenase
- aldehyde reductase
- ADH
- alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD)
- aliphatic alcohol dehydrogenase
- ethanol dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
- NAD-specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase
- NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase
- NADH-aldehyde dehydrogenase
- primary alcohol dehydrogenase
- yeast alcohol dehydrogenase

comment:
A zinc protein. Acts on primary or secondary alcohols or hemi-acetals; the animal, but not the yeast, enzyme acts also on cyclic secondary alcohols.


entry: 1.1.1.2
sysname: alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07328]
iubmb_reaction: R07328 > R00625 R00746 R01041 R05231
kegg_reaction: R01036
name:
--- 
- alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- aldehyde reductase (NADPH2)
- NADP-alcohol dehydrogenase
- NADP-aldehyde reductase
- NADP-dependent aldehyde reductase
- NADPH-aldehyde reductase
- NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase
- nonspecific succinic semialdehyde reductase
- ALR 1
- low-K(m) aldehyde reductase
- high-K(m) aldehyde reductase
- alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP)

comment:
A zinc protein. Some members of this group oxidize only primary alcohols; others act also on secondary alcohols. May be identical with EC 1.1.1.19 (L-glucuronate reductase), EC 1.1.1.33 [mevaldate reductase (NADPH)] and EC 1.1.1.55 [lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH)]. A-specific with respect to NADPH.


entry: 1.1.1.3
name: --- - homoserine dehydrogenase - HSDH - HSD
sysname: L-homoserine:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: L-homoserine + NAD(P)+ = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01773 R01775]
iubmb_reaction: R01773 R01775
comment:
The yeast enzyme acts most rapidly with NAD+; the Neurospora enzyme with NADP+. The enzyme from Escherichia coli is a multi-functional protein, which also catalyses the reaction of EC 2.7.2.4 (aspartate kinase).


entry: 1.1.1.4
sysname: (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also converts diacetyl into acetoin with NADH as reductant.
reaction: (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = (R)-acetoin + NADH + H+ [RN:R02946]
iubmb_reaction: R02946
name:
--- 
- (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
- butyleneglycol dehydrogenase
- D-butanediol dehydrogenase
- D-(-)-butanediol dehydrogenase
- butylene glycol dehydrogenase
- diacetyl (acetoin) reductase
- D-aminopropanol dehydrogenase
- 1-amino-2-propanol dehydrogenase
- 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase
- D-1-amino-2-propanol dehydrogenase
- (R)-diacetyl reductase
- (R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase
- D-1-amino-2-propanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- 1-amino-2-propanol oxidoreductase
- aminopropanol oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.7
sysname: propane-1,2-diol-1-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: propane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate + NAD+ = hydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH + H+ [RN:R04236]
iubmb_reaction: R04236
name:
--- 
- propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase
- PDP dehydrogenase
- 1,2-propanediol-1-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- propanediol phosphate dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.8
sysname: sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on propane-1,2-diol phosphate and glycerone sulfate (but with a much lower affinity).
reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD+ = glycerone phosphate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00842]
iubmb_reaction: R00842
name:
--- 
- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- glycerol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase
- glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- hydroglycerophosphate dehydrogenase
- L-alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
- L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
- L-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
- L-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
- NAD-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- NAD-L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- NADH-dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase
- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)


entry: 1.1.1.9
sysname: xylitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (D-xylulose-forming)
comment: Also acts as an L-erythrulose reductase.
reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = D-xylulose + NADH + H+ [RN:R01896]
iubmb_reaction: R01896
name:
--- 
- D-xylulose reductase
- NAD-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase
- xylitol dehydrogenase
- erythritol dehydrogenase
- 2,3-cis-polyol(DPN) dehydrogenase (C3-5)
- pentitol-DPN dehydrogenase
- xylitol-2-dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.13
sysname: L-arabinitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (L-ribulose-forming)
reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD+ = L-ribulose + NADH + H+ [RN:R02441]
iubmb_reaction: R02441
name:
--- 
- L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase
- L-arabinitol dehydrogenase (ribulose-forming)
- L-arabinitol (ribulose-forming) dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.14
sysname: L-iditol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on D-glucitol (giving D-fructose) and other closely related sugar alcohols.
reaction: L-iditol + NAD+ = L-sorbose + NADH + H+ [RN:R07145]
iubmb_reaction: R07145
kegg_reaction: R00875
name:
--- 
- L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
- polyol dehydrogenase
- sorbitol dehydrogenase
- L-iditol:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase
- L-iditol (sorbitol) dehydrogenase
- glucitol dehydrogenase
- L-iditol:NAD oxidoreductase
- NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase
- NAD-sorbitol dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.16
name: --- - galactitol 2-dehydrogenase - dulcitol dehydrogenase
sysname: galactitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: galactitol + NAD+ = D-tagatose + NADH + H+ [RN:R02928]
iubmb_reaction: R02928
comment:
Also converts other alditols containing an L-threo-configuration adjacent to a primary alcohol group into the corresponding sugars.


entry: 1.1.1.17
sysname: D-mannitol-1-phosphate:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00758]
iubmb_reaction: R00758 > R02703
name:
--- 
- mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase
- hexose reductase
- mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase
- D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase
- fructose 6-phosphate reductase


entry: 1.1.1.18
sysname: myo-inositol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: myo-inositol + NAD+ = 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + NADH + H+ [RN:R01183]
iubmb_reaction: R01183
name:
--- 
- inositol 2-dehydrogenase
- myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase
- myo-inositol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- inositol dehydrogenase
- myo-inositol dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.19
sysname: L-gulonate:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase
comment: Also reduces D-galacturonate. May be identical with EC 1.1.1.2 [alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)].
reaction: L-gulonate + NADP+ = D-glucuronate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01481]
iubmb_reaction: R01481
name:
--- 
- glucuronate reductase
- aldehyde reductase
- L-hexonate:NADP dehydrogenase
- TPN-L-gulonate dehydrogenase
- aldehyde reductase II
- NADP-L-gulonate dehydrogenase
- D-glucuronate dehydrogenase
- D-glucuronate reductase
- L-glucuronate reductase (incorrect)


entry: 1.1.1.21
sysname: alditol:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase
comment: Has wide specificity.
reaction: alditol + NAD(P)+ = aldose + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02819 R02820]
iubmb_reaction: R02819 > R01036 R01093 R01758; R02820 > R01041 R01095 R01431 R01759 R01787
kegg_reaction: R02531 R02577
name:
--- 
- aldehyde reductase
- aldose reductase
- polyol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- ALR2
- alditol:NADP oxidoreductase
- alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
- NADPH-aldopentose reductase
- NADPH-aldose reductase


entry: 1.1.1.22
sysname: UDP-glucose:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on UDP-2-deoxyglucose.
reaction: UDP-glucose + 2 NAD+ + H2O = UDP-glucuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R00286]
iubmb_reaction: R00286
name:
--- 
- UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
- UDP-glucose dehydrogenase
- uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase
- UDPG dehydrogenase
- UDPG:NAD oxidoreductase
- UDP-alpha-D-glucose:NAD oxidoreductase
- UDP-glucose:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase
- UDP-D-glucose dehydrogenase
- uridine diphosphate D-glucose dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.23
name: --- - histidinol dehydrogenase - L-histidinol dehydrogenase
sysname: L-histidinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: L-histidinol + 2 NAD+ = L-histidine + 2 NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R01158]
iubmb_reaction: R01158
kegg_reaction: R01163 R03012
comment:
Also oxidizes L-histidinal. The Neurospora enzyme also catalyses the reactions of EC 3.5.4.19 (phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase) and EC 3.6.1.31 (phosphoribosyl-ATP diphosphatase).


entry: 1.1.1.24
sysname: L-quinate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-quinate + NAD+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01872]
iubmb_reaction: R01872
name:
--- 
- quinate dehydrogenase
- quinic dehydrogenase
- quinate:NAD oxidoreductase
- quinate 5-dehydrogenase
- quinate:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase

comment:
The enzyme is specific for quinate as substrate; phenylpyruvate, phenylalanine, cinnamate and shikimate will not act as substrates. NAD+ cannot be replaced by NADP+.


entry: 1.1.1.25
sysname: shikimate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: shikimate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02413]
iubmb_reaction: R02413
kegg_reaction: R02414
name:
--- 
- shikimate dehydrogenase
- dehydroshikimic reductase
- shikimate oxidoreductase
- shikimate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
- 5-dehydroshikimate reductase
- shikimate 5-dehydrogenase
- 5-dehydroshikimic reductase
- DHS reductase
- shikimate:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
- AroE

comment:
NAD+ cannot replace NADP+ [3]. In higher organisms, this enzyme forms part of a multienzyme complex with EC 4.2.1.10, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase [4].


entry: 1.1.1.26
sysname: glycolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Reduces glyoxylate to glycolate or hydroxypyruvate to D-glycerate.
reaction: glycolate + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00717]
iubmb_reaction: R00717
kegg_reaction: R01388
name:
--- 
- glyoxylate reductase
- NADH-glyoxylate reductase
- glyoxylic acid reductase
- NADH-dependent glyoxylate reductase


entry: 1.1.1.27
sysname: (S)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00703]
iubmb_reaction: R00703
kegg_reaction: R01000 R03104
name:
--- 
- L-lactate dehydrogenase
- lactic acid dehydrogenase
- L(+)-nLDH
- L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase
- L-lactic dehydrogenase
- L-lactic acid dehydrogenase
- lactate dehydrogenase
- lactate dehydrogenase NAD-dependent
- lactic dehydrogenase
- NAD-lactate dehydrogenase

comment:
Also oxidizes other (S)-2-hydroxymonocarboxylic acids. NADP+ also acts, more slowly, with the animal, but not the bacterial, enzyme.


entry: 1.1.1.28
sysname: (R)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00704]
iubmb_reaction: R00704
name:
--- 
- D-lactate dehydrogenase
- lactic acid dehydrogenase
- D-specific lactic dehydrogenase
- D-(-)-lactate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- D-lactic acid dehydrogenase
- D-lactic dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.30
sysname: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also oxidizes other 3-hydroxymonocarboxylic acids.
reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = acetoacetate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01361]
iubmb_reaction: R01361
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
- NAD-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
- hydroxybutyrate oxidoreductase
- beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
- D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
- D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
- D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxybutyric acid dehydrogenase
- 3-D-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.33
sysname: (R)-mevalonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: May be identical with EC 1.1.1.2 [alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)].
reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NADP+ = mevaldate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02247]
iubmb_reaction: R02247
name:
--- 
- mevaldate reductase (NADPH)
- mevaldate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- mevaldate reductase (NADPH2)


entry: 1.1.1.34
sysname: (R)-mevalonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating)
reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+ = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ [RN:R02082]
iubmb_reaction: R02082
name:
--- 
- hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
- hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
- hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (NADPH)
- S-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- NADPH-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- HMGCoA reductase-mevalonate:NADP-oxidoreductase (acetylating-CoA)
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (NADPH)
- hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH2)

comment:
The enzyme is inactivated by EC 2.7.1.109 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} and reactivated by EC 3.1.3.47 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)]-phosphatase}.


entry: 1.1.1.35
sysname: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R01778]
iubmb_reaction: R01778 > R01975 R04203 R04737 R04739 R04741 R04743 R04745 R04748 R06941
kegg_reaction: R05066 R05575
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase
- beta-keto-reductase
- 3-keto reductase
- 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A synthetase
- beta-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxybutyrylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase
- 3-hydroxyacetyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
- 3beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
- beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase
- beta-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase
- 3-L-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
- 1-specific DPN-linked beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase

comment:
Also oxidizes S-3-hydroxyacyl-N-acylthioethanolamine and S-3-hydroxyacyl-hydrolipoate. Some enzymes act, more slowly, with NADP+. Broad specificity to acyl chain-length (cf. EC 1.1.1.211 [long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase]).


entry: 1.1.1.36
sysname: (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01779]
iubmb_reaction: R01779 > R01977
name:
--- 
- acetoacetyl-CoA reductase
- acetoacetyl coenzyme A reductase
- hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase
- NADP-linked acetoacetyl CoA reductase
- NADPH:acetoacetyl-CoA reductase
- D(-)-beta-hydroxybutyryl CoA-NADP oxidoreductase
- short chain beta-ketoacetyl(acetoacetyl)-CoA reductase
- beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase
- D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase
- (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.37
sysname: (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also oxidizes some other 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acids.
reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00342]
iubmb_reaction: R00342
name:
--- 
- malate dehydrogenase
- malic dehydrogenase
- L-malate dehydrogenase
- NAD-L-malate dehydrogenase
- malic acid dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent malic dehydrogenase
- NAD-malate dehydrogenase
- NAD-malic dehydrogenase
- malate (NAD) dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase
- NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase
- MDH
- L-malate-NAD+ oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.38
sysname: (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
comment: Also decarboxylates added oxaloacetate.
reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH [RN:R00214]
iubmb_reaction: R00214
kegg_reaction: R00216
name:
--- 
- malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
- "'malic' enzyme"
- pyruvic-malic carboxylase
- NAD-specific malic enzyme
- NAD-malic enzyme
- NAD-linked malic enzyme


entry: 1.1.1.39
sysname: (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
comment: Does not decarboxylate added oxaloacetate.
reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH [RN:R00214]
iubmb_reaction: R00214
kegg_reaction: R00216
name:
--- 
- malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
- "'malic' enzyme"
- pyruvic-malic carboxylase
- NAD-specific malic enzyme
- NAD-malic enzyme


entry: 1.1.1.40
sysname: (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
comment: Also decarboxylates added oxaloacetate.
reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH [RN:R00216]
iubmb_reaction: R00216
kegg_reaction: R00214
name:
--- 
- malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+)
- "'malic' enzyme"
- pyruvic-malic carboxylase
- malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, NADP)
- NADP-linked decarboxylating malic enzyme
- NADP-malic enzyme
- NADP-specific malic enzyme
- NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase
- malate dehydrogenase (NADP, decarboxylating)
- L-malate:NADP oxidoreductase
- malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.41
sysname: isocitrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH [RN:R00709]
iubmb_reaction: R00709
name:
--- 
- isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- isocitric dehydrogenase
- beta-ketoglutaric-isocitric carboxylase
- isocitric acid dehydrogenase
- NAD dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
- NAD isocitrate dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase
- NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
- NAD isocitric dehydrogenase
- isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- IDH (ambiguous)
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide isocitrate dehydrogenase

comment:
Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Unlike EC 1.1.1.42, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+), oxalosuccinate cannot be used as a substrate. In eukaryotes, isocitrate dehydrogenase exists in two forms: an NAD+-linked enzyme found only in mitochondria and displaying allosteric properties, and a non-allosteric, NADP+-linked enzyme that is found in both mitochondria and cytoplasm [7]. The enzyme from some species can also use NADP+ but much more slowly [9].


entry: 1.1.1.42
sysname: isocitrate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R00267 R00268
kegg_reaction: R01899
name:
--- 
- isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- oxalosuccinate decarboxylase
- isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)
- oxalsuccinic decarboxylase
- isocitrate (NADP) dehydrogenase
- isocitrate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase
- NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
- NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase
- NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
- NADP isocitric dehydrogenase
- isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent)
- NADP-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase
- triphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase-oxalosuccinate carboxylase
- NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase
- IDH (ambiguous)
- dual-cofactor-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
- NADP+-ICDH
- NADP+-IDH
- IDP
- IDP1
- IDP2
- IDP3

comment:
Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Unlike EC 1.1.1.41, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+), oxalosuccinate can be used as a substrate. In eukaryotes, isocitrate dehydrogenase exists in two forms: an NAD+-linked enzyme found only in mitochondria and displaying allosteric properties, and a non-allosteric, NADP+-linked enzyme that is found in both mitochondria and cytoplasm [6]. The enzyme from some species can also use NAD+ but much more slowly [6,7].

reaction:
(1) isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH [RN:R00267]; (2) oxalosuccinate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH [RN:R00268]


entry: 1.1.1.43
sysname: 6-phospho-D-gluconate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(P)+ = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02032 R02034]
iubmb_reaction: R02032 R02034
name:
--- 
- phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase
- 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase
- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- gluconate 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- 2-keto-6-phosphogluconate reductase


entry: 1.1.1.44
sysname: 6-phospho-D-gluconate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
comment: Certain preparations reduce NAD+ as well as NADP+.
reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + CO2 + NADPH [RN:R01528]
iubmb_reaction: R01528
name:
--- 
- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
- phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase
- 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase
- 6-phosphogluconic carboxylase
- 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
- 6-phospho-D-gluconate dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.45
sysname: L-gulonate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
comment: Also oxidizes other L-3-hydroxyacids.
reaction: L-gulonate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NADH + H+ [RN:R02640]
iubmb_reaction: R02640
name:
--- 
- L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase
- L-3-aldonate dehydrogenase
- L-3-aldonic dehydrogenase
- L-gulonic acid dehydrogenase
- L-beta-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase
- L-beta-hydroxy-acid-NAD-oxidoreductase
- L-3-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.48
sysname: D-galactose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+ [RN:R01094]
iubmb_reaction: R01094
kegg_reaction: R01097
name:
--- 
- galactose 1-dehydrogenase
- D-galactose dehydrogenase
- beta-galactose dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent D-galactose dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.49
sysname: D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00835]
iubmb_reaction: R00835 > R02736
name:
--- 
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- NADP-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Zwischenferment
- D-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)
- NADP-dependent glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- 6-phosphoglucose dehydrogenase
- Entner-Doudoroff enzyme
- glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
- G6PDH
- GPD

comment:
Also acts slowly on beta-D-glucose and other sugars. Certain preparations reduce NAD+ as well as NADP+.


entry: 1.1.1.50
sysname: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (B-specific)
reaction: androsterone + NAD(P)+ = 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02476 R02477]
iubmb_reaction: R02476 R02477
name:
--- 
- 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific)
- hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- 3alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase
- sterognost 3alpha

comment:
Also acts on other 3alpha-hydroxysteroids and on 9-, 11- and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin. B-specific with respect to NAD+ or NADP+.

kegg_reaction:
R04309 R04310 R04818 R04819 R04824 R04825 R04829 R04830 R04832 R04833 R04835 R04836 R04837 R04838 R04842 R04843 R04845 R04846


entry: 1.1.1.51
sysname: 3(or 17)beta-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: testosterone + NAD(P)+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01836 R01838]
iubmb_reaction: R01836 R01838
kegg_reaction: R02352 R02353 R03406 R03407
name:
--- 
- 3(or 17)beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
- 17-ketoreductase
- 17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
- 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase

comment:
Also acts on other 3beta- or 17beta-hydroxysteroids. cf. EC 1.1.1.209 3(or 17)alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.


entry: 1.1.1.53
sysname: 3alpha(or 20beta)-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol + NAD+ = 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one + NADH + H+ [RN:R04330]
iubmb_reaction: R04330
kegg_reaction: R04818 R04819 R04824 R04825 R04831 R04834 R04844 R04847
name:
--- 
- 3alpha(or 20beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- cortisone reductase
- (R)-20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, 20beta-hydroxy steroid
- delta4-3-ketosteroid hydrogenase
- 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 3alpha,20beta-hydroxysteroid:NAD+-oxidoreductase
- NADH-20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 20beta-HSD

comment:
The 3alpha-hydroxy group or 20beta-hydroxy group of pregnane and androstane steroids can act as donor.


entry: 1.1.1.55
sysname: propane-1,2-diol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: May be identical with EC 1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+).
reaction: propane-1,2-diol + NADP+ = L-lactaldehyde + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02259]
iubmb_reaction: R02259
name:
--- 
- lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH)
- lactaldehyde (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- NADP-1,2-propanediol dehydrogenase
- propanediol dehydrogenase
- 1,2-propanediol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
- lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH2)


entry: 1.1.1.56
sysname: ribitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: ribitol + NAD+ = D-ribulose + NADH + H+ [RN:R01893]
iubmb_reaction: R01893 > R01895
name:
--- 
- ribitol 2-dehydrogenase
- adonitol dehydrogenase
- ribitol dehydrogenase A (wild type)
- ribitol dehydrogenase B (mutant enzyme with different properties)
- ribitol dehydrogenase D (mutant enzyme with different properties)


entry: 1.1.1.57
sysname: D-mannonate:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase
comment: Also reduces D-tagaturonate.
reaction: D-mannonate + NAD+ = D-fructuronate + NADH + H+ [RN:R02454]
iubmb_reaction: R02454
name:
--- 
- fructuronate reductase
- mannonate oxidoreductase
- mannonic dehydrogenase
- D-mannonate dehydrogenase
- D-mannonate:NAD oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.58
sysname: D-altronate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-altronate + NAD+ = D-tagaturonate + NADH + H+ [RN:R02555]
iubmb_reaction: R02555
name:
--- 
- tagaturonate reductase
- altronic oxidoreductase
- altronate oxidoreductase
- TagUAR
- altronate dehydrogenase
- D-tagaturonate reductase


entry: 1.1.1.62
sysname: estradiol-17beta:NAD(P)+ 17-oxidoreductase
reaction: estradiol-17beta + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02352 R02353]
iubmb_reaction: R02352 R02353
kegg_reaction: R04681 R04682
name:
--- 
- estradiol 17beta-dehydrogenase
- 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 17beta,20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 17beta-estradiol dehydrogenase
- estradiol dehydrogenase
- estrogen 17-oxidoreductase
- 17beta-HSD

comment:
Also acts on (S)-20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one and related compounds, oxidizing the (S)-20-group. B-specific with respect to NAD(P)+ (cf. EC 1.1.1.149 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.1.1.64
sysname: 17beta-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 17-oxidoreductase
comment: Also oxidizes 3-hydroxyhexobarbital to 3-oxohexobarbital.
reaction: testosterone + NADP+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01838]
iubmb_reaction: R01838
name:
--- 
- testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- 17-ketoreductase
- NADP-dependent testosterone-17beta-oxidoreductase
- testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.65
sysname: pyridoxine:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
comment: Also oxidizes pyridoxine phosphate.
reaction: pyridoxine + NADP+ = pyridoxal + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01708]
iubmb_reaction: R01708
name:
--- 
- pyridoxine 4-dehydrogenase
- pyridoxin dehydrogenase
- pyridoxol dehydrogenase
- pyridoxine dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.68
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.99.5
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.7.99.5 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) (EC 1.1.1.68 created 1965, deleted 1978 [transferred to EC 1.1.99.15, deleted 1980])


entry: 1.1.1.69
sysname: D-gluconate:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-gluconate + NAD(P)+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01738 R01740]
iubmb_reaction: R01738 R01740
name:
--- 
- gluconate 5-dehydrogenase
- 5-keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase
- 5-ketogluconate 5-reductase
- 5-ketogluconate reductase
- 5-keto-D-gluconate reductase


entry: 1.1.1.70
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase. Now included with EC 1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.1.1.70 created 1965, deleted 1978)


entry: 1.1.1.71
sysname: alcohol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: an alcohol + NAD(P)+ = an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R07326 R07328]
iubmb_reaction: R07326 > R00623 R00754; R07328 > R00625 R00746
name:
--- 
- alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
- retinal reductase
- aldehyde reductase (NADPH/NADH)
- alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)]

comment:
Reduces aliphatic aldehydes of carbon chain length from 2 to 14, with greatest activity on C4, C6 and C8 aldehydes; also reduces retinal to retinol.


entry: 1.1.1.74
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: D-aminopropanol dehydrogenase (reaction due to EC 1.1.1.4 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase) (EC 1.1.1.74 created 1972, deleted 1976)


entry: 1.1.1.75
sysname: (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Requires K+.
reaction: (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + NAD+ = aminoacetone + NADH + H+ [RN:R03759]
iubmb_reaction: R03759
name:
--- 
- (R)-aminopropanol dehydrogenase
- L-aminopropanol dehydrogenase
- 1-aminopropan-2-ol-NAD+ dehydrogenase
- L(+)-1-aminopropan-2-ol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- 1-aminopropan-2-ol-dehydrogenase
- "DL-1-aminopropan-2-ol: NAD+ dehydrogenase"
- L(+)-1-aminopropan-2-ol-NAD/NADP oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.76
sysname: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = acetoin + NADH + H+ [RN:R02344]
iubmb_reaction: R02344 > R03707
name:
--- 
- (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
- L-butanediol dehydrogenase
- L-BDH
- L(+)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (L-acetoin forming)


entry: 1.1.1.77
sysname: (R)[or (S)]-propane-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)[or (S)]-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)[or (S)]-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+ [RN:R02258 R03080]
iubmb_reaction: R02258 R03080
kegg_reaction: R01781 R02257
name:
--- 
- lactaldehyde reductase
- propanediol:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) oxidoreductase
- L-lactaldehyde:propanediol oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.78
sysname: (R)-lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH + H+ [RN:R02527]
iubmb_reaction: R02527
name:
--- 
- methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent)
- methylglyoxal reductase
- D-lactaldehyde dehydrogenase

comment:
This mammalian enzyme differs from the yeast enzyme, EC 1.1.1.283, methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent), in using NADH rather than NADPH as reductant. It oxidizes HO-CH2-CHOH-CHO (glyceraldehyde) as well as CH3-CHOH-CHO (lactaldehyde).


entry: 1.1.1.81
sysname: D-glycerate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-glycerate + NAD(P)+ = hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01388 R01392]
iubmb_reaction: R01388 R01392
name:
--- 
- hydroxypyruvate reductase
- beta-hydroxypyruvate reductase
- NADH:hydroxypyruvate reductase
- D-glycerate dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.82
sysname: (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: Activated by light.
reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00343]
iubmb_reaction: R00343
name:
--- 
- malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- NADP-malic enzyme
- NADP-malate dehydrogenase
- malic dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- malate NADP dehydrogenase
- NADP malate dehydrogenase
- NADP-linked malate dehydrogenase
- malate dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.83
sysname: (R)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: (R)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH [RN:R00215]
iubmb_reaction: R00215
name:
--- 
- D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
- D-malate dehydrogenase
- D-malic enzyme
- bifunctional L(+)-tartrate dehydrogenase-D(+)-malate (decarboxylating)


entry: 1.1.1.85
sysname: (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: The product decarboxylates spontaneously to 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate.
iubmb_reaction: R04426
name:
--- 
- 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
- beta-isopropylmalic enzyme
- beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
- threo-D(s)-3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
- 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

reaction:
(1) (1a) (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate + NAD+ = (2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate + NADH + H+ [RN:R04426]; (2) (1b) (2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + CO2 (spontaneous)


entry: 1.1.1.86
sysname: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (isomerizing)
comment: Also catalyses the reduction of 2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate to 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate.
iubmb_reaction: R04439
kegg_reaction: R03051 R04440 R05068 R05069 R05071
name:
--- 
- ketol-acid reductoisomerase
- dihydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase (isomerizing)
- acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase
- ketol acid reductoisomerase
- alpha-keto-beta-hydroxylacyl reductoisomerase
- 2-hydroxy-3-keto acid reductoisomerase
- acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase
- acetolactate reductoisomerase
- dihydroxyisovalerate (isomerizing) dehydrogenase
- isomeroreductase
- reductoisomerase

reaction:
(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04439]


entry: 1.1.1.87
sysname: (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
comment: Forms part of the lysine biosynthesis pathway in fungi [3].
reaction: (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+ [RN:R01934]
iubmb_reaction: R01934
kegg_reaction: R01936 R04862
name:
--- 
- homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
- 2-hydroxy-3-carboxyadipate dehydrogenase
- 3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate dehydrogenase
- homoisocitric dehydrogenase
- (-)-1-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
- 3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)


entry: 1.1.1.88
sysname: (R)-mevalonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating)
reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD+ = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R02081]
iubmb_reaction: R02081
name:
--- 
- hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
- beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl CoA-reductase
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
- hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase


entry: 1.1.1.89
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: dihydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase (isomerizing). Now included with EC 1.1.1.86 ketol-acid reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.89 created 1972, deleted 1976)


entry: 1.1.1.90
sysname: aryl-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+ [RN:R01487]
iubmb_reaction: R01487 > R01763 R02611 R04304 R05232 R05282 R05347 R05348
kegg_reaction: R02229
name:
--- 
- aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase
- p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase
- benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase
- coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase

comment:
A group of enzymes with broad specificity towards primary alcohols with an aromatic or cyclohex-1-ene ring, but with low or no activity towards short-chain aliphatic alcohols.


entry: 1.1.1.91
sysname: aryl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on some aliphatic aldehydes, but cinnamaldehyde was the best substrate found.
reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01488]
iubmb_reaction: R01488
name:
--- 
- aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- aryl alcohol dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase
- NADPH-linked benzaldehyde reductase
- aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.94
sysname: sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase
comment: The enzyme from Escherichia coli shows specificity for the B side of NADPH.
reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = glycerone phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00842 R00844]
iubmb_reaction: R00842 R00844
name:
--- 
- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
- L-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD(P) oxidoreductase
- glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
- glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)
- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)]


entry: 1.1.1.95
sysname: 3-phospho-D-glycerate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02607 > R01513
name:
--- 
- phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- D-3-phosphoglycerate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- alpha-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- 3-phosphoglyceric acid dehydrogenase
- D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- glycerate 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- glycerate-1,3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- phosphoglycerate oxidoreductase
- phosphoglyceric acid dehydrogenase
- SerA
- 3-phosphoglycerate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
- SerA 3PG dehydrogenase
- 3PHP reductase
- alphaKG reductase
- D- and L-HGA

comment:
This enzyme catalyses the first committed step in the phosphoserine pathway of serine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli [2,3]. Reaction (1) occurs predominantly in the reverse direction and is inhibited by serine and glycine. The enzyme is unusual in that it also acts as a D- and L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (with the D-form being the better substrate) and as a 2-oxoglutarate reductase [3]. It has been postulated [3] that the cellular 2-oxoglutarate concentration may regulate serine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism directly by modulating the activity of this enzyme.

reaction:
(1) 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NAD+ = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R02607]; (2) 2-hydroxyglutarate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+


entry: 1.1.1.96
name: --- - diiodophenylpyruvate reductase - aromatic alpha-keto acid - KAR - 2-oxo acid reductase
sysname: 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03431
comment:
Substrates contain an aromatic ring with a pyruvate side chain. The most active substrates are halogenated derivatives. Compounds with hydroxy or amino groups in the 3 or 5 position are inactive.

reaction:
3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R03431]


entry: 1.1.1.97
sysname: 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ = 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04136]
iubmb_reaction: R04136
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
- m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase
- m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (NADP) dehydrogenase
- m-hydroxybenzylalcohol dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.98
sysname: (R)-2-hydroxystearate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + NADH + H+ [RN:R03021]
iubmb_reaction: R03021
name:
--- 
- (R)-2-hydroxy-fatty-acid dehydrogenase
- D-2-hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase
- 2-hydroxy fatty acid oxidase


entry: 1.1.1.99
sysname: (S)-2-hydroxystearate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + NADH + H+ [RN:R03022]
iubmb_reaction: R03022
name:
--- 
- (S)-2-hydroxy-fatty-acid dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, L-2-hydroxy fatty acid
- L-2-hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase
- 2-hydroxy fatty acid oxidase


entry: 1.1.1.100
sysname: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02767 > R04533 R04534 R04536 R04543 R04566 R04953 R04964
name:
--- 
- 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase
- beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein](ACP) reductase
- beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase
- beta-ketoacyl reductase
- beta-ketoacyl thioester reductase
- beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase
- beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase
- 3-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase
- NADPH-specific 3-oxoacyl-[acylcarrier protein]reductase
- 3-oxoacyl-[ACP]reductase

comment:
Exhibits a marked preference for acyl-carrier-protein derivatives over CoA derivatives as substrates.

reaction:
(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02767]


entry: 1.1.1.101
sysname: 1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on alkylglycerone 3-phosphate and alkylglycerol 3-phosphate.
reaction: 1-palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate + NADP+ = palmitoylglycerone phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03357]
iubmb_reaction: R03357
kegg_reaction: R02756 R04360
name:
--- 
- acylglycerone-phosphate reductase
- palmitoyldihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase
- palmitoyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase
- palmitoyl-dihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase
- acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase


entry: 1.1.1.102
sysname: D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: sphinganine + NADP+ = 3-dehydrosphinganine + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02978]
iubmb_reaction: R02978
name:
--- 
- 3-dehydrosphinganine reductase
- D-3-dehydrosphinganine reductase
- D-3-oxosphinganine reductase
- DSR
- 3-oxosphinganine reductase
- 3-oxosphinganine:NADPH oxidoreductase
- D-3-oxosphinganine:B-NADPH oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.103
sysname: L-threonine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: The product spontaneously decarboxylates to aminoacetone.
reaction: L-threonine + NAD+ = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01465]
iubmb_reaction: R01465
name:
--- 
- L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase
- L-threonine dehydrogenase
- threonine 3-dehydrogenase
- threonine dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.105
sysname: retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: retinol + NAD+ = retinal + NADH + H+ [RN:R02124]
iubmb_reaction: R02124
kegg_reaction: R03048
name:
--- 
- retinol dehydrogenase
- retinol (vitamin A1) dehydrogenase
- MDR
- microsomal retinol dehydrogenase
- all-trans retinol dehydrogenase
- retinal reductase
- retinene reductase


entry: 1.1.1.106
sysname: (R)-pantoate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)-pantoate + NAD+ = (R)-4-dehydropantoate + NADH + H+ [RN:R02471]
iubmb_reaction: R02471
name:
--- 
- pantoate 4-dehydrogenase
- pantoate dehydrogenase
- pantothenase
- D-pantoate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.109
name: --- - Transferred to 1.3.1.28
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.3.1.28 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.109 created 1972, deleted 1976)


entry: 1.1.1.111
name: --- - 3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate dehydrogenase - imidazol-5-yl lactate dehydrogenase
sysname: (S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04185 R04186
reaction:
(S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R04185 R04186]


entry: 1.1.1.115
sysname: D-ribose:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on D-xylose and other pentoses.
reaction: D-ribose + NADP+ + H2O = D-ribonate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01079]
iubmb_reaction: R01079
name:
--- 
- ribose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- D-ribose dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- NADP-pentose-dehydrogenase
- ribose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.118
sysname: D-glucose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-glucose + NAD+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADH + H+ [RN:R00300]
iubmb_reaction: R00300
name:
--- 
- glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- D-glucose:NAD oxidoreductase
- D-aldohexose dehydrogenase
- glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD)


entry: 1.1.1.119
sysname: D-glucose:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
comment: Also oxidizes D-mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannose.
reaction: D-glucose + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07147]
iubmb_reaction: R07147
kegg_reaction: R00301
name:
--- 
- glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked aldohexose dehydrogenase
- NADP-linked aldohexose dehydrogenase
- NADP-dependent glucose dehydrogenase
- glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.120
sysname: D-galactose:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on L-arabinose, 6-deoxy- and 2-deoxy-D-galactose.
reaction: D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactonolactone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07132]
iubmb_reaction: R07132
kegg_reaction: R01096 R01097
name:
--- 
- galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- D-galactose dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.121
name: --- - aldose 1-dehydrogenase - aldose dehydrogenase - dehydrogenase, D-aldohexose
sysname: D-aldose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-aldose + NAD+ = D-aldonolactone + NADH + H+ [RN:R02847]
iubmb_reaction: R02847
comment:
Acts on D-glucose, 2-deoxy- and 6-deoxy-D-glucose, D-galactose, 6-deoxy-D-galactose, 2-deoxy-L-arabinose and D-xylose.


entry: 1.1.1.122
sysname: D-threo-aldose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: a D-threo-aldose + NAD+ = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + NADH + H+ [RN:R07148]
iubmb_reaction: R07148
kegg_reaction: R01756
name:
--- 
- D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase
- L-fucose dehydrogenase
- (2S,3R)-aldose dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, L-fucose
- L-fucose (D-arabinose) dehydrogenase

comment:
Acts on L-fucose, D-arabinose and L-xylose; the animal enzyme was also shown to act on L-arabinose, and the enzyme from Pseudomonas caryophylli on L-glucose.


entry: 1.1.1.123
sysname: L-sorbose:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-sorbose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01694]
iubmb_reaction: R01694
name:
--- 
- sorbose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- 5-ketofructose reductase
- 5-keto-D-fructose reductase
- sorbose (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked reductase
- sorbose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.124
sysname: D-fructose:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-fructose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00871]
iubmb_reaction: R00871
name:
--- 
- fructose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- 5-ketofructose reductase (NADP)
- 5-keto-D-fructose reductase (NADP+)
- fructose 5-(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase
- D-(-)fructose:(NADP+) 5-oxidoreductase
- fructose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.126
sysname: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R01543
name:
--- 
- 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-dehydrogenase
- 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate dehydrogenase
- 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate dehydrogenase

reaction:
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADP+ = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01543]


entry: 1.1.1.127
sysname: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R01542
name:
--- 
- 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 5-dehydrogenase
- 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate 5-dehydrogenase
- 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate dehydrogenase
- 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) dehydrogenase
- 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate (3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonic acid) dehydrogenase

comment:
The enzyme from Pseudomonas acts equally well on NAD+ or NADP+, while that from Erwinia chrysanthemi and Escherichia coli is more specific for NAD+.

reaction:
2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD+ = (4S)-4,6-dihydroxy-2,5-dioxohexanoate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01542]


entry: 1.1.1.128
sysname: L-idonate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-idonate + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05684]
iubmb_reaction: R05684
name:
--- 
- L-idonate 2-dehydrogenase
- 5-ketogluconate 2-reductase
- 5-keto-D-gluconate 2-reductase
- L-idonate dehydrogenase
- reductase, 5-ketogluconate 5- (L-idonate-forming)
- 5KGR
- 5-ketoglucono-idono-reductase


entry: 1.1.1.130
sysname: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02637 R02639
name:
--- 
- 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase
- 3-keto-L-gulonate dehydrogenase
- 3-ketogulonate dehydrogenase

reaction:
3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NAD(P)+ = (4R,5S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02637 R02639]


entry: 1.1.1.131
sysname: D-mannonate:NAD(P)+ 6-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-mannonate + NAD(P)+ = D-mannuronate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02455 R02456]
iubmb_reaction: R02455 R02456
name:
--- 
- mannuronate reductase
- mannonate dehydrogenase
- mannonate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))dehydrogenase
- mannonate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
- D-mannonate:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate oxidoreductase (D-mannuronate-forming))


entry: 1.1.1.132
sysname: GDP-D-mannose:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on the corresponding deoxynucleoside diphosphate derivative as a substrate.
reaction: GDP-D-mannose + 2 NAD+ + H2O = GDP-D-mannuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R00880]
iubmb_reaction: R00880
name:
--- 
- GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase
- guanosine diphosphomannose dehydrogenase
- GDP-mannose dehydrogenase
- guanosine diphospho-D-mannose dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.133
sysname: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02777]
iubmb_reaction: R02777
kegg_reaction: R04778
name:
--- 
- dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase
- dTDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose reductase
- reductase, thymidine diphospho-4-ketorhamnose
- dTDP-4-ketorhamnose reductase
- TDP-4-keto-rhamnose reductase
- thymidine diphospho-4-ketorhamnose reductase

comment:
In the reverse direction, reduction on the 4-position of the hexose moiety takes place only while the substrate is bound to another enzyme that catalyses epimerization at C-3 and C-5; the complex has been referred to as dTDP-L-rhamnose synthase.


entry: 1.1.1.134
sysname: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02776]
iubmb_reaction: R02776
name:
--- 
- dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose 4-dehydrogenase
- thymidine diphospho-6-deoxy-L-talose dehydrogenase
- TDP-6-deoxy-L-talose dehydrogenase
- dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose dehydrogenase (4-reductase)

comment:
Oxidation on the 4-position of the hexose moiety takes place only while the substrate is bound to another enzyme that catalyses epimerization at C-3 and C-5.


entry: 1.1.1.136
sysname: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R00421
name:
--- 
- UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 6-dehydrogenase
- uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine dehydrogenase
- UDP-acetylglucosamine dehydrogenase
- UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose:NAD oxidoreductase
- UDP-GLcNAc dehydrogenase

reaction:
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + 2 NAD+ + H2O = UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R00421]


entry: 1.1.1.139
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: - polyol dehydrogenase (NADP+). Now included with EC 1.1.1.21 aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.139 created 1972, deleted 1978)


entry: 1.1.1.140
sysname: D-sorbitol-6-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+ [RN:R07133]
iubmb_reaction: R07133 > R05607
name:
--- 
- sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase
- ketosephosphate reductase
- D-sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- sorbitol-6-P-dehydrogenase
- D-glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.141
sysname: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NAD+ 15-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02580
name:
--- 
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (type I)
- PGDH
- 11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NAD+ 15-oxidoreductase
- 15-OH-PGDH
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- 15-hydroxyprostanoic dehydrogenase
- NAD-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- prostaglandin dehydrogenase
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD)

comment:
Acts on prostaglandin E2, F2alpha and B1, but not on prostaglandin D2. cf. EC 1.1.1.196 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+) and EC 1.1.1.197 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+).

reaction:
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate + NAD+ = (5Z,13E)-11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate + NADH + H+ [RN:R02580]


entry: 1.1.1.142
name: --- - D-pinitol dehydrogenase - 5D-3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
sysname: 1D-3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03498
reaction:
1D-3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol + NADP+ = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03498]


entry: 1.1.1.143
name: --- - sequoyitol dehydrogenase - D-pinitol dehydrogenase
sysname: 5-O-methyl-myo-inositol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03497
reaction:
5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + NAD+ = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + NADH + H+ [RN:R03497]


entry: 1.1.1.144
name: --- - perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase - perillyl alcohol dehydrogenase
sysname: perillyl-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: perillyl alcohol + NAD+ = perillyl aldehyde + NADH + H+ [RN:R03945]
iubmb_reaction: R03945
comment:
Oxidizes a number of primary alcohols with the alcohol group allylic to an endocyclic double bond and a 6-membered ring, either aromatic or hydroaromatic.


entry: 1.1.1.145
sysname: 3beta-hydroxy-Delta5-steroid:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta5-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-Delta5-steroid + NADH + H+ [RN:R03176]
iubmb_reaction: R03176
name:
--- 
- 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase
- progesterone reductase
- delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 3beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase
- 3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase
- 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase
- 3beta-hydroxy-Delta5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase
- 3beta-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid oxidoreductase
- steroid-Delta5-3beta-ol dehydrogenase
- 3beta-HSDH
- 5-ene-3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 3beta-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase

comment:
Acts on 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one to form androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and on 3beta-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one to form progesterone.

kegg_reaction:
R01837 R01839 R02216 R02217 R02499 R02500 R02840 R02842 R03327 R03328 R04163 R04164 R04678 R04680 R04849 R04851 R07428


entry: 1.1.1.146
sysname: 11beta-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 11-oxidoreductase
reaction: an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03203]
iubmb_reaction: R03203 > R02836 R03848 R04758 R04840
kegg_reaction: R02834 R03847 R04757 R04839
name:
--- 
- 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- corticosteroid 11beta-dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 11beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
- corticosteroid 11-reductase
- dehydrogenase, 11beta-hydroxy steroid


entry: 1.1.1.148
sysname: 17alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ 17-oxidoreductase
reaction: estradiol-17alpha + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02347 R02349]
iubmb_reaction: R02347 R02349
name:
--- 
- estradiol 17alpha-dehydrogenase
- 17alpha-estradiol dehydrogenase
- 17alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
- 17alpha-hydroxy steroid oxidoreductase
- 17alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase
- estradiol 17alpha-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.149
sysname: 20alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ 20-oxidoreductase
comment: A-specific with respect to NAD(P)+ (cf. EC 1.1.1.62 estradiol 17beta-dehydrogenase).
iubmb_reaction: R03324 R03325
kegg_reaction: R02207 R02209
name:
--- 
- 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
- 20alpha-HSD
- 20alpha-HSDH

reaction:
17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(P)+ = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03324 R03325]


entry: 1.1.1.151
sysname: 21-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 21-oxidoreductase
comment: Acts on a number of 21-hydroxycorticosteroids.
reaction: pregnan-21-ol + NADP+ = pregnan-21-al + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03044]
iubmb_reaction: R03044
name:
--- 
- 21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- 21-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
- 21-hydroxy steroid (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase
- 21-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- NADP-21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.152
sysname: 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-steroid:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one + NAD+ = 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione + NADH + H+ [RN:R04309]
iubmb_reaction: R04309
name:
--- 
- 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one 3alpha-dehydrogenase
- etiocholanolone 3alpha-dehydrogenase
- 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-steroid dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.155
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: the enzyme is identical to EC 1.1.1.87, homoisocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.155 created 1976, deleted 2004)


entry: 1.1.1.156
sysname: glycerol:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (glycerone-forming)
reaction: glycerol + NADP+ = glycerone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01039]
iubmb_reaction: R01039
name:
--- 
- glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- dihydroxyacetone reductase
- dihydroxyacetone (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- dihydroxyacetone reductase (NADPH)
- DHA oxidoreductase
- glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.157
sysname: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-acetoacetyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01976]
iubmb_reaction: R01976
kegg_reaction: R05576
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- L(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
- BHBD
- dehydrogenase, L-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.158
sysname: UDP-N-acetylmuramate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03192
kegg_reaction: R03191
name:
--- 
- UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase
- MurB reductase
- UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase
- UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-enoylpyruvate reductase
- UDP-GlcNAc-enoylpyruvate reductase
- uridine diphosphoacetylpyruvoylglucosamine reductase
- uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine-enolpyruvate reductase
- uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-3-O- lactylglucose:NADP-oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Sodium dithionite, sodium borohydride and, to a lesser extent, NADH, can replace NADPH.

reaction:
UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03192]


entry: 1.1.1.159
name: --- - 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase - 7alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase - 7alpha-HSDH
sysname: 7alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ 7-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02792
comment:
Catalyses the oxidation of the 7alpha-hydroxyl group of bile acids and alcohols both in their free and conjugated forms. The Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium enzymes can also utilize NADP+.

reaction:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NAD+ = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + NADH + H+ [RN:R02792]


entry: 1.1.1.160
name: --- - dihydrobunolol dehydrogenase - bunolol reductase
sysname: (+/-)-5-[(tert-butylamino)-2'-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-n aphthol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts, more slowly, with NAD+.
iubmb_reaction: R04623
reaction:
(+/-)-5-[(tert-butylamino)-2'-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1- naphthol + NADP+ = (+/-)-5-[(tert-butylamino)-2'-hydroxypropoxy]-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)- naphthalenone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04623]


entry: 1.1.1.161
sysname: (25R)-5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-tetraol:NAD+ 26-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03507
name:
--- 
- cholestanetetraol 26-dehydrogenase
- cholestanetetrol 26-dehydrogenase
- 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-tetrol dehydrogenase
- TEHC-NAD oxidoreductase
- 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-tetraol:NAD+ 26-oxidoreductase

reaction:
(25R)-5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,26-tetraol + NAD+ = (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al + NADH + H+ [RN:R03507]


entry: 1.1.1.164
name: --- - hexadecanol dehydrogenase
sysname: hexadecanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: hexadecanol + NAD+ = hexadecanal + NADH + H+ [RN:R02462]
iubmb_reaction: R02462
comment:
The liver enzyme acts on long-chain alcohols from C8 to C16. The Euglena enzyme also oxidizes the corresponding aldehydes to fatty acids.


entry: 1.1.1.165
name: --- - 2-alkyn-1-ol dehydrogenase
sysname: 2-butyne-1,4-diol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: 2-butyne-1,4-diol + NAD+ = 4-hydroxy-2-butynal + NADH + H+ [RN:R03963]
iubmb_reaction: R03963
comment:
Acts on a variety of 2-alkyn-1-ols, and also on 1,4-butanediol. NADP+ also acts as acceptor, but more slowly.


entry: 1.1.1.166
sysname: (1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05315
name:
--- 
- hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase
- dihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase
- (-)t-3,t-4-dihydroxycyclohexane-c-1-carboxylate-NAD oxidoreductase

comment:
Acts on hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylates that have an equatorial carboxy group at C-1, an axial hydroxy group at C-3 and an equatorial hydroxy or carbonyl group at C-4, including (-)-quinate and (-)-shikimate.

reaction:
(1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = (1S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate + NADH + H+ [RN:R05315]


entry: 1.1.1.168
sysname: (R)-pantolactone:NADP+ oxidoreductase (A-specific)
reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03155]
iubmb_reaction: R03155
name:
--- 
- 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (A-specific)
- 2-oxopantoyl lactone reductase
- ketopantoyl lactone reductase
- 2-ketopantoyl lactone reductase
- 2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase (A-specific)

comment:
The yeast enzyme differs from that from Escherichia coli [EC 1.1.1.214 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific)], which is specific for the B-face of NADP+, and in receptor requirements from EC 1.1.99.26 3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase.


entry: 1.1.1.169
sysname: (R)-pantoate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)-pantoate + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02472]
iubmb_reaction: R02472
name:
--- 
- 2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase
- 2-oxopantoate reductase
- 2-ketopantoate reductase
- 2-ketopantoic acid reductase
- ketopantoate reductase
- ketopantoic acid reductase


entry: 1.1.1.170
comment: Also acts on 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carboxylate.
iubmb_reaction: R04483 R07149
kegg_reaction: R04328 R04669
name:
--- 
- sterol-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
- 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
- 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenoate dehydrogenase
- sterol 4alpha-carboxylic decarboxylase

sysname:
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carboxylate:N AD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

reaction:
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one + CO2 + NAD(P)H [RN:R04483 R07149]


entry: 1.1.1.171
name: --- - Transferred to 1.5.1.20
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.5.1.20 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.1.1.171 created 1978, deleted 1984)


entry: 1.1.1.175
sysname: D-xylose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-xylose + NAD+ = D-xylonolactone + NADH + H+ [RN:R01429]
iubmb_reaction: R01429
name:
--- 
- D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase
- NAD-D-xylose dehydrogenase
- D-xylose dehydrogenase
- (NAD)-linked D-xylose dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.176
sysname: 12alpha-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 12-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02793
name:
--- 
- 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 12alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- NADP-12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

comment:
Catalyses the oxidation of the 12alpha-hydroxy group of bile acids, both in their free and conjugated form. Also acts on bile alcohols.

reaction:
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02793]


entry: 1.1.1.177
sysname: sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00845]
iubmb_reaction: R00845
name:
--- 
- glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- glycerol phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase
- L-glycerol 3-phosphate:NADP oxidoreductase
- glycerin-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- NADPH-dependent glycerin-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.178
sysname: (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on (2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoyl-CoA.
reaction: (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R04203]
iubmb_reaction: R04203
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
- 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-butyryl CoA dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.179
sysname: D-xylose:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on L-arabinose and D-ribose.
reaction: D-xylose + NADP+ = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01430]
iubmb_reaction: R01430
name:
--- 
- D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- D-xylose (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase
- D-xylose-NADP dehydrogenase
- D-xylose:NADP+ oxidoreductase
- D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.180
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: mannonate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+). Now included with EC 1.1.1.131 mannuronate reductase (EC 1.1.1.180 created 1983, deleted 1984)


entry: 1.1.1.181
sysname: Cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
comment: Highly specific for 3beta-hydroxy-C27-steroids with delta5-double bond.
reaction: cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol + NAD+ = 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + NADH + H+ [RN:R04263]
iubmb_reaction: R04263
kegg_reaction: R04264
name:
--- 
- cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol 3beta-dehydrogenase
- 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.182
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: fenchol dehydrogenase. Now included with EC 1.1.1.198 (+)-borneol dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.227 (-)-borneol dehydrogenase and EC 1.1.1.228 (+)-sabinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.182 created 1983, deleted 1990)


entry: 1.1.1.184
sysname: secondary-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: R-CHOH-R' + NADP+ = R-CO-R' + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03557]
iubmb_reaction: R03557 > R02581
name:
--- 
- carbonyl reductase (NADPH)
- aldehyde reductase 1
- prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase
- xenobiotic ketone reductase
- NADPH2-dependent carbonyl reductase
- ALR3
- carbonyl reductase
- nonspecific NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase
- carbonyl reductase (NADPH2)

comment:
Acts on a wide range of carbonyl compounds, including quinones, aromatic aldehydes, ketoaldehydes, daunorubicin and prostaglandins E and F, reducing them to the corresponding alcohol. B-specific with respect to NADPH [cf. EC 1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)].


entry: 1.1.1.185
sysname: L-glycol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: an L-glycol + NAD(P)+ = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03584 R03585]
iubmb_reaction: R03584 R03585
name:
--- 
- L-glycol dehydrogenase
- glycol (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) dehydrogenase
- L-(+)-glycol:NAD(P) oxidoreductase
- L-glycol:NAD(P) dehydrogenase

comment:
The 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound formed can be further oxidized to a vicinal dicarbonyl compound. In the reverse direction, vicinal diketones, glyceraldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 2-oxo-hydroxyketones and 2-ketoacid esters can be reduced.


entry: 1.1.1.187
sysname: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose:NAD(P)+ 4-oxidoreductase
comment: In the reverse reaction, a mixture of GDP-D-rhamnose and its C-4 epimer is formed.
reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03397 R03399]
iubmb_reaction: R03397 R03399
name:
--- 
- GDP-4-dehydro-D-rhamnose reductase
- GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase
- GDP-4-keto-D-rhamnose reductase
- guanosine diphosphate-4-keto-D-rhamnose reductase


entry: 1.1.1.188
sysname: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP + 11-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02684
kegg_reaction: R02799
name:
--- 
- prostaglandin-F synthase
- prostaglandin-D2 11-reductase
- reductase, 15-hydroxy-11-oxoprostaglandin
- PGD2 11-ketoreductase
- PGF2alpha synthetase
- prostaglandin 11-ketoreductase
- prostaglandin delta2-ketoreductase
- prostaglandin F synthase
- prostaglandin F synthetase
- synthetase, prostaglandin F2alpha
- PGF synthetase
- NADPH-dependent prostaglandin D2 11-keto reductase
- prostaglandin 11-keto reductase

comment:
Reduces prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin F2; prostaglandin D2 is not an intermediate in the reduction of prostaglandin H2. Also catalyses the reduction of a number of carbonyl compounds, such as 9,10-phenanthroquinone and 4-nitroacetophenone.

reaction:
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADP+ = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02684]


entry: 1.1.1.189
sysname: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP + 9-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02581
name:
--- 
- prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase
- PGE2-9-OR
- reductase, 15-hydroxy-9-oxoprostaglandin
- 9-keto-prostaglandin E2 reductase
- 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase
- PGE-9-ketoreductase
- PGE2 9-oxoreductase
- PGE2-9-ketoreductase
- prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase
- prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase
- prostaglandin E2-9-oxoreductase

comment:
Reduces prostaglandin E2 to prostaglandin F2alpha. A number of other 9-oxo- and 15-oxo-prostaglandin derivatives can also be reduced to the corresponding hydroxy compounds. May be identical with EC 1.1.1.197 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+).

reaction:
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADP+ = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02581]


entry: 1.1.1.190
sysname: (indol-3-yl)ethanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (indol-3-yl)ethanol + NAD+ = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NADH + H+ [RN:R02679]
iubmb_reaction: R02679
name:
--- 
- indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH)
- indoleacetaldehyde reductase
- indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH2)
- indole-3-ethanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.191
sysname: (indol-3-yl)ethanol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (indol-3-yl)ethanol + NADP+ = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02680]
iubmb_reaction: R02680
name:
--- 
- indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADPH)
- indoleacetaldehyde (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADPH2)
- indole-3-ethanol:NADP+ oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.192
sysname: long-chain-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Hexadecanol is a good substrate.
reaction: a long-chain alcohol + 2 NAD+ + H2O = a long-chain carboxylate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R01998]
iubmb_reaction: R01998
kegg_reaction: R02462
name:
--- 
- long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase
- long-chain alcohol dehydrogenase
- fatty alcohol oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.193
sysname: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil:NADP+ 1'-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03458
name:
--- 
- 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase
- aminodioxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine reductase

reaction:
5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + NADP+ = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03458]


entry: 1.1.1.194
name: --- - coniferyl-alcohol dehydrogenase - CAD
sysname: coniferyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ = coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02593]
iubmb_reaction: R02593
comment:
Specific for coniferyl alcohol; does not act on cinnamyl alcohol, 4-coumaryl alcohol or sinapyl alcohol.


entry: 1.1.1.195
name: --- - cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase - cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase - CAD
sysname: cinnamyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03054]
iubmb_reaction: R03054
kegg_reaction: R02593 R03918 R06570 R06571 R07437
comment:
Acts on coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, 4-coumaryl alcohol and cinnamyl alcohol (cf. EC 1.1.1.194 coniferyl-alcohol dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.1.1.196
sysname: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02800
kegg_reaction: R02683
name:
--- 
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- prostaglandin-D 15-dehydrogenase (NADP)
- dehydrogenase, prostaglandin D2
- NADP-PGD2 dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- 15-hydroxy PGD2 dehydrogenase
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP)
- NADP-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- prostaglandin D2 dehydrogenase
- NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- NADP-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- NADP-linked prostaglandin D2 dehydrogenase
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP)

comment:
Specific for prostaglandins D [cf. EC 1.1.1.141 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) and EC 1.1.1.197 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+)].

reaction:
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADP+ = (5Z,13E)-9alpha-hydroxy-11,15-dioxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02800]


entry: 1.1.1.197
sysname: (13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04552
name:
--- 
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- NADP-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- NADP-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- type II 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP)

comment:
Acts on prostaglandins E2, F2alpha and B1, but not on prostaglandin D2 [cf. EC 1.1.1.141 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) and EC 1.1.1.196 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+)]. May be identical with EC 1.1.1.189 prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase.

reaction:
(13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate + NADP+ = (13E)-11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04552]


entry: 1.1.1.199
name: --- - (S)-usnate reductase - L-usnic acid dehydrogenase
sysname: reduced-(S)-usnate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (ether-bond-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R07345
reaction:
in the reverse direction, (S)-usnate is reduced by NADH with cleavage of the ether bond to form a 7-hydroxy group [RN:R07345]


entry: 1.1.1.200
sysname: D-aldose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00834]
iubmb_reaction: R00834
name:
--- 
- aldose-6-phosphate reductase (NADPH)
- aldose 6-phosphate reductase
- NADP-dependent aldose 6-phosphate reductase
- A6PR
- aldose-6-P reductase
- aldose-6-phosphate reductase
- alditol 6-phosphate:NADP 1-oxidoreductase
- aldose-6-phosphate reductase (NADPH2)

comment:
In the reverse reaction, acts also on D-galactose 6-phosphate and, more slowly, on D-mannose 6-phosphate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


entry: 1.1.1.201
sysname: 7beta-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 7-oxidoreductase
comment: Catalyses the oxidation of the 7beta-hydroxy group of bile acids such as ursodeoxycholate.
reaction: A 7beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = a 7-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03753]
iubmb_reaction: R03753
name:
--- 
- 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- NADP-dependent 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.1.1.202
sysname: propane-1,3-diol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: propane-1,3-diol + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypropanal + NADH + H+ [RN:R03119]
iubmb_reaction: R03119
kegg_reaction: R02377
name:
--- 
- 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase
- 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde reductase
- 1,3-PD:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- 1,3-propanediol:NAD+ oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.204
name: --- - Transferred to 1.17.1.4
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.17.1.4, xanthine dehydrogenase. The enzyme was incorrectly classified as acting on a CH-OH group (EC 1.1.1.204 created 1972 as EC 1.2.1.37, transferred 1984 to EC 1.1.1.204, modified 1989, deleted 2004)


entry: 1.1.1.205
sysname: IMP:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: inosine 5'-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01130]
iubmb_reaction: R01130
name:
--- 
- IMP dehydrogenase
- inosine-5'-phosphate dehydrogenase
- inosinic acid dehydrogenase
- inosinate dehydrogenase
- inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase
- inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase
- IMP oxidoreductase
- inosine monophosphate oxidoreductase

comment:
The enzyme acts on the hydroxy group of the hydrated derivative of the substrate. Formerly EC 1.2.1.14.


entry: 1.1.1.207
name: --- - (-)-menthol dehydrogenase - monoterpenoid dehydrogenase
sysname: (-)-menthol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (-)-menthol + NADP+ = (-)-menthone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02177]
iubmb_reaction: R02177
comment:
Not identical with EC 1.1.1.208 (+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase. Acts also on a number of other cyclohexanols and cyclohexenols.


entry: 1.1.1.208
name: --- - (+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase - monoterpenoid dehydrogenase
sysname: (+)-neomenthol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (+)-neomenthol + NADP+ = (-)-menthone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02548]
iubmb_reaction: R02548
comment:
Not identical with EC 1.1.1.207 (-)-menthol dehydrogenase. Acts also on a number of other cyclohexanols and cyclohexenols.


entry: 1.1.1.209
name: --- - 3(or 17)alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase - 3(17)alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
sysname: 3(or 17)alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: androsterone + NAD(P)+ = 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02476 R02477]
iubmb_reaction: R02476 R02477
comment:
Acts on the 3alpha-hydroxy group of androgens of the 5alpha-androstane series; and also, more slowly, on the 17alpha-hydroxy group of both androgenic and estrogenic substrates (cf. EC 1.1.1.51 3(or 17)beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.1.1.210
sysname: 3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on 20alpha-hydroxysteroids.
iubmb_reaction: R04344
name:
--- 
- 3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- progesterone reductase
- dehydrogenase, 3beta,20alpha-hydroxy steroid
- 3beta,20alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase

reaction:
5alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP+ = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04344]


entry: 1.1.1.211
sysname: long-chain-(S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R01778]
iubmb_reaction: R01778 > R01975 R04737 R04739 R04741 R04743 R04745 R04748
name:
--- 
- long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- LCHAD

comment:
Acts most rapidly on derivatives with chain-length 8 or 10 (cf. EC 1.1.1.35 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.1.1.212
sysname: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:NAD+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02766
name:
--- 
- 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)
- 3-oxoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) reductase
- 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH2)

comment:
Forms part of the fatty acid synthase system in plants. Can be separated from EC 1.1.1.100 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase.

reaction:
(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+ [RN:R02766]


entry: 1.1.1.213
name: --- - 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (A-specific)
sysname: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (A-specific)
reaction: androsterone + NAD(P)+ = 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02476 R02477]
iubmb_reaction: R02476 R02477
comment:
Also acts on other 3alpha-hydroxysteroids. A-specific with respect to NAD+ or NADP+ (cf. EC 1.1.1.50), 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific)].


entry: 1.1.1.214
sysname: (R)-pantolactone:NADP+ oxidoreductase (B-specific)
reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03155]
iubmb_reaction: R03155
name:
--- 
- 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific)
- 2-oxopantoyl lactone reductase
- 2-ketopantoyl lactone reductase
- ketopantoyl lactone reductase
- 2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase (B-specific)

comment:
The Escherichia coli enzyme differs from that from yeast [EC 1.1.1.168 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (A-specific)], which is specific for the A-face of NADP+, and in receptor requirements from EC 1.1.99.26 3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase.


entry: 1.1.1.216
sysname: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on 2-cis,6-trans-farnesol, geraniol, citronerol and nerol.
reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol + NADP+ = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesal + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03264]
iubmb_reaction: R03264
name:
--- 
- farnesol dehydrogenase
- NADP-farnesol dehydrogenase
- farnesol (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.217
sysname: benzyl-(2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on benzyl (2S,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate; otherwise highly specific.
iubmb_reaction: R04370
name:
--- 
- benzyl-2-methyl-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
- benzyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

reaction:
benzyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = benzyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04370]


entry: 1.1.1.218
name: --- - morphine 6-dehydrogenase - naloxone reductase - reductase, naloxone
sysname: morphine:NAD(P)+ 6-oxidoreductase
reaction: morphine + NAD(P)+ = morphinone + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03591 R03592]
iubmb_reaction: R03591 R03592
comment:
Also acts on some other alkaloids, including codeine, normorphine and ethylmorphine, but only very slowly on 7,8-saturated derivatives such as dihydromorphine and dihydrocodeine. In the reverse direction, also reduces naloxone to the 6alpha-hydroxy analogue. Activated by 2-mercaptoethanol.


entry: 1.1.1.219
sysname: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03123]
iubmb_reaction: R03123
kegg_reaction: R03636 R04901 R05038 R06610
name:
--- 
- dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase
- dihydroflavanol 4-reductase
- dihydromyricetin reductase
- NADPH-dihydromyricetin reductase
- dihydroquercetin reductase

comment:
Also acts, in the reverse direction, on (+)-dihydroquercetin and (+)-dihydromyricetin; each dihydroflavonol is reduced to the corresponding cis-flavan-3,4-diol. NAD+ can act instead of NADP+, but more slowly. Involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins in plants.


entry: 1.1.1.220
sysname: 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin:NADP+ 2'-oxidoreductase
comment: Not identical with EC 1.1.1.153 sepiapterin reductase.
reaction: 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + NADP+ = 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04285]
iubmb_reaction: R04285
name:
--- 
- 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin 2'-reductase
- 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin reductase
- 6PPH4(2'-oxo) reductase
- 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin (2'-oxo)reductase
- 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin 2'-reductase
- pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin reductase


entry: 1.1.1.221
name: --- - vomifoliol 4'-dehydrogenase
sysname: vomifoliol:NAD+ 4'-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04412
comment:
Oxidizes vomifoliol to dehydrovomifoliol; involved in the metabolism of abscisic acid in Corynebacterium sp.

reaction:
(+/-)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol + NAD+ = (+/-)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionone + NADH + H+ [RN:R04412]


entry: 1.1.1.222
sysname: (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on (R)-3-phenyllactate, (R)-3-(indole-3-yl)lactate and (R)-lactate.
iubmb_reaction: R03337 R03339
kegg_reaction: R01370 R01371 R03336 R03338
name:
--- 
- (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase
- (R)-aromatic lactate dehydrogenase
- D-hydrogenase, D-aryllactate

reaction:
(R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03337 R03339]


entry: 1.1.1.223
name: --- - isopiperitenol dehydrogenase
sysname: (-)-trans-isopiperitenol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (-)-trans-isopiperitenol + NAD+ = (-)-isopiperitenone + NADH + H+ [RN:R03261]
iubmb_reaction: R03261
comment:
Acts on (-)-trans-isopiperitenol, (+)-trans-piperitenol and (+)-trans-pulegol. Involved in the biosynthesis of menthol and related monoterpenes in peppermint (Mentha piperita) leaves.


entry: 1.1.1.224
sysname: D-mannitol-1-phosphate:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of mannitol in celery (Apium graveolens) leaves.
reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP+ = D-mannose 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01817]
iubmb_reaction: R01817
name:
--- 
- mannose-6-phosphate 6-reductase
- NADPH-dependent mannose 6-phosphate reductase
- mannose-6-phosphate reductase
- 6-phosphomannose reductase
- NADP-dependent mannose-6-P:mannitol-1-P oxidoreductase
- NADPH-dependent M6P reductase
- NADPH-mannose-6-P reductase


entry: 1.1.1.226
sysname: trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase
reaction: trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate + NAD+ = 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate + NADH + H+ [RN:R04307]
iubmb_reaction: R04307
name:
--- 
- 4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase
- trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase

comment:
The enzyme from Corynebacterium cyclohexanicum is highly specific for the trans-4-hydroxy derivative.


entry: 1.1.1.228
name: --- - (+)-sabinol dehydrogenase - (+)-cis-sabinol dehydrogenase
sysname: (+)-cis-sabinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (+)-cis-sabinol + NAD+ = (+)-sabinone + NADH + H+ [RN:R03745]
iubmb_reaction: R03745
comment:
NADP+ can also act, but more slowly. Involved in the biosynthesis of (+)-3-thujone and (-)-3-isothujone.


entry: 1.1.1.229
name: --- - diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate reductase
sysname: diethyl-(2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxysuccinate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on diethyl (2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxysuccinate; and on the corresponding dimethyl esters.
iubmb_reaction: R04387
reaction:
diethyl (2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxysuccinate + NADP+ = diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04387]


entry: 1.1.1.230
name: --- - 3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase
sysname: 3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: 3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate + NADP+ = 3-oxoglycyrrhetinate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04099]
iubmb_reaction: R04099
comment:
Highly specific to 3alpha-hydroxy derivatives of glycyrrhetinate and its analogues. Not identical to EC 1.1.1.50 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific).


entry: 1.1.1.231
sysname: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9alpha-epoxy-11alpha,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoa te:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase
comment: Specific for prostaglandin I2.
iubmb_reaction: R03520
name:
--- 
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- prostacyclin dehydrogenase
- PG I2 dehydrogenase
- NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin (prostacyclin) dehydrogenase
- NADP+-dependent PGI2-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP)

reaction:
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9alpha-epoxy-11alpha,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13- dienoate + NADP+ = (5Z,13E)-6,9alpha-epoxy-11alpha-hydroxy-15-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03520]


entry: 1.1.1.232
name: --- - 15-hydroxyicosatetraenoate dehydrogenase - 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate dehydrogenase
sysname: (15S)-15-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate:NAD(P)+ 15-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04517 R04518
reaction:
(15S)-15-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate + NAD(P)+ = 15-oxo-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R04517 R04518]


entry: 1.1.1.233
sysname: N-acyl-D-mannosamine:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
comment: Acts on acetyl-D-mannosamine and glycolyl-D-mannosamine. Highly specific.
reaction: N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD+ = N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + NADH + H+ [RN:R02651]
iubmb_reaction: R02651
name:
--- 
- N-acylmannosamine 1-dehydrogenase
- N-acylmannosamine dehydrogenase
- N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase
- N-acyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.234
name: --- - flavanone 4-reductase
sysname: (2S)-flavan-4-ol:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
reaction: (2S)-flavan-4-ol + NADP+ = (2S)-flavanone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03827]
iubmb_reaction: R03827
kegg_reaction: R04901 R06610
comment:
Involved in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins from flavanones such as naringenin or eriodictyol.


entry: 1.1.1.235
name: --- - 8-oxocoformycin reductase - 8-ketodeoxycoformycin reductase
sysname: coformycin:NADP+ 8-oxidoreductase
reaction: coformycin + NADP+ = 8-oxocoformycin + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03667]
iubmb_reaction: R03667
comment:
B-specific with respect to NADPH. Also reduces 8-oxodeoxy-coformycin to the nucleoside antibiotic deoxycoformycin.


entry: 1.1.1.236
sysname: pseudotropine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: pseudotropine + NADP+ = tropinone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R06734]
iubmb_reaction: R06734
kegg_reaction: R02832
name:
--- 
- tropinone reductase
- tropinone (psi-tropine-forming) reductase
- tropinone reductase II
- pseudotropine forming tropinone reductase


entry: 1.1.1.237
name: --- - hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase - HPRP
sysname: 4-hydroxyphenyllactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R03336]
iubmb_reaction: R03336
kegg_reaction: R01370 R01371 R03338 R03373
comment:
Also acts on 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate. Involved with EC 2.3.1.140 rosmarinate synthase in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid.


entry: 1.1.1.238
sysname: 12beta-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ 12-oxidoreductase
comment: Acts on a number of bile acids, both in their free and conjugated forms.
iubmb_reaction: R03495
name:
--- 
- 12beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 12beta-hydroxy steroid (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase

reaction:
3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03495]


entry: 1.1.1.239
sysname: 3alpha(or 17beta)-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: testosterone + NAD+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADH + H+ [RN:R01836]
iubmb_reaction: R01836
name:
--- 
- 3alpha(17beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- 3alpha,17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
- 3alpha(17beta)-HSD
- 3alpha(17beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD)

comment:
Also acts on other 17beta-hydroxysteroids, on the 3alpha-hydroxy group of pregnanes and bile acids, and on benzene dihydrodiol. Different from EC 1.1.1.50 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific) or EC 1.1.1.213 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (A-specific).


entry: 1.1.1.240
sysname: N-acetyl-D-hexosamine:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on N-acetylgalactosamine and, more slowly, on N-acetylmannosamine.
reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + NAD+ = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01202]
iubmb_reaction: R01202
name:
--- 
- N-acetylhexosamine 1-dehydrogenase
- N-acetylhexosamine dehydrogenase
- N-acetyl-D-hexosamine dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.246
name: --- - pterocarpin synthase - pterocarpan synthase
sysname: medicarpin:NADP+ 2'-oxidoreductase
reaction: medicarpin + NADP+ + H2O = vestitone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02915]
iubmb_reaction: R02915
comment:
Catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of the pterocarpin phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain.


entry: 1.1.1.247
name: --- - codeinone reductase (NADPH)
sysname: codeine:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: codeine + NADP+ = codeinone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05124]
iubmb_reaction: R05124
comment:
Catalyses the reversible reduction of codeinone to codeine, which is a direct precursor of morphine in the opium poppy plant, Papaver somniferum.


entry: 1.1.1.248
name: --- - salutaridine reductase (NADPH)
sysname: salutaridinol:NADP+ 7-oxidoreductase
reaction: salutaridinol + NADP+ = salutaridine + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04697]
iubmb_reaction: R04697
comment:
Catalyses the reversible reduction of salutaridine to salutaridinol, which is a direct precursor of morphinan alkaloids in the poppy plant.


entry: 1.1.1.249
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
provisional entry deleted. Revised and reinstated as EC 2.5.1.46 deoxyhypusine synthase. (EC 1.1.1.249 provisional version created 1999, deleted 1999 [reinstated 2001 as EC 2.5.1.46])


entry: 1.1.1.252
name: --- - tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase
sysname: scytalone:NADP+ delta5-oxidoreductase
reaction: scytalone + NADP+ = 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02906]
iubmb_reaction: R02906
kegg_reaction: R03322
comment:
Reduces 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene to scytalone and also reduces 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene to vermelone. Involved with EC 4.2.1.94 scytalone dehydratase in the biosynthesis of melanin in pathogenic fungi.


entry: 1.1.1.254
name: --- - (S)-carnitine 3-dehydrogenase
sysname: (S)-carnitine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + NADH + H+ [RN:R01921]
iubmb_reaction: R01921
comment:
specific for the (S)-enantiomer of carnitine, i.e., the enantiomer of the substrate of EC 1.1.1.108 carnitine 3-dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.1.255
name: --- - mannitol dehydrogenase - MTD - NAD-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase
sysname: mannitol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-mannitol + NAD+ = D-mannose + NADH + H+ [RN:R07135]
iubmb_reaction: R07135
comment:
The enzyme from Apium graveolens (celery) oxidizes alditols with a minimum requirement of 2R chirality at the carbon adjacent to the primary carbon undergoing the oxidation. The enzyme is specific for NAD+ and does not use NADP+.


entry: 1.1.1.260
name: --- - sulcatone reductase
sysname: sulcatol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: sulcatol + NAD+ = sulcatone + NADH + H+ [RN:R05678]
iubmb_reaction: R05678
comment:
Studies on the effects of growth-stage and nutrient supply on the stereochemistry of sulcatone reduction in Clostridia pasteurianum, C. tyrobutyricum and Lactobacillus brevis suggest that there may be at least two sulcatone reductases with different stereospecificities.


entry: 1.1.1.261
name: --- - glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] - glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)]
sysname: sn-glycerol 1-phosphate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = glycerone phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R05679 R05680]
iubmb_reaction: R05679 R05680
comment:
This enzyme is responsible for the formation of Archaea-specific glycerophosphate and is stereospecifically different from EC 1.1.1.94, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.


entry: 1.1.1.262
sysname: 4-(phosphonooxy)-L-threonine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05681
name:
--- 
- 4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase
- NAD+-dependent threonine 4-phosphate dehydrogenase
- L-threonine 4-phosphate dehydrogenase
- 4-(phosphohydroxy)-L-threonine dehydrogenase
- PdxA

comment:
The product of the reaction undergoes decarboxylation to give 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate. In Escherichia coli, the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is synthesized de novo by a pathway that involves EC 1.2.1.72 (erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase), EC 1.1.1.290 (4-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase), EC 2.6.1.52 (phosphoserine transaminase), EC 1.1.1.262 (4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase), EC 2.6.99.2 (pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase) and EC 1.4.3.5 (with pyridoxine 5'-phosphate as substrate).

reaction:
4-phosphonooxy-L-threonine + NAD+ = (2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + NADH + H+ [RN:R05681]


entry: 1.1.1.263
name: --- - 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase
sysname: 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol + NADP+ = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05682]
iubmb_reaction: R05682
comment:
Also reduces pyridine-3-aldehyde and 2,3-butanedione. Acetaldehyde, 2-dehydroglucose (glucosone) and glucuronate are poor substrates, but there is no detectable action on glucose, mannose and fructose.


entry: 1.1.1.264
name: --- - L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase
sysname: L-idonate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: L-idonate + NAD(P)+ = 5-dehydrogluconate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R05683 R05684]
iubmb_reaction: R05683 R05684
comment:
The enzyme from Escherichia coli cannot oxidize D-gluconate to form 5-dehydrogluconate, a reaction that is catalysed by EC 1.1.1.69, gluconate 5-dehydrogenase.


entry: 1.1.1.265
name: --- - 3-methylbutanal reductase
sysname: 3-methylbutanol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD(P)+ = 3-methylbutanal + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R05685 R05686]
iubmb_reaction: R05685 R05686
comment:
The enzyme purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyses the reduction of a number of straight-chain and branched aldehydes, as well as some aromatic aldehydes.


entry: 1.1.1.266
name: --- - dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase - dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose reductase
sysname: dTDP-D-fucose:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: dTDP-D-fucose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05687]
iubmb_reaction: R05687
comment:
The enzyme from the Gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans forms activated fucose for incorporation into capsular polysaccharide.


entry: 1.1.1.267
sysname: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (isomerizing)
iubmb_reaction: R05688
name:
--- 
- 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase
- DXP-reductoisomerase
- 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate isomeroreductase
- 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) synthase

reaction:
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + NADP+ = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05688]


entry: 1.1.1.268
sysname: 2-[2-(R)-hydroxypropylthio]ethanesulfonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM + NAD+ = 2-oxopropyl-CoM + NADH + H+ [RN:R05689]
iubmb_reaction: R05689
name:
--- 
- 2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase
- 2-(2-(R)-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate dehydrogenase

comment:
The enzyme is highly specific for (R)-2-hydroxyalkyl thioethers of CoM, in contrast to EC 1.1.1.269, 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase, which is highly specific for the (S)-enantiomer. This enzyme forms component III of a four-component enzyme system {comprising EC 4.4.1.23 (2-hydroxypropyl-CoM lyase; component I), EC 1.8.1.5 [2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating); component II], EC 1.1.1.268 [2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase; component III] and EC 1.1.1.269 [2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase; component IV]} that is involved in epoxyalkane carboxylation in Xanthobacter sp. strain Py2.


entry: 1.1.1.269
sysname: 2-[2-(S)-hydroxypropylthio]ethanesulfonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM + NAD+ = 2-oxopropyl-CoM + NADH + H+ [RN:R05690]
iubmb_reaction: R05690
name:
--- 
- 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase
- 2-(2-(S)-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate dehydrogenase

comment:
The enzyme is highly specific for (S)-2-hydroxyalkyl thioethers of CoM, in contrast to EC 1.1.1.268, 2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase, which is highly specific for the (R)-enantiomer. This enzyme forms component IV of a four-component enzyme system {comprising EC 4.4.1.23 (2-hydroxypropyl-CoM lyase; component I), EC 1.8.1.5 [2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating); component II], EC 1.1.1.268 [2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase; component III] and EC 1.1.1.269 [2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase; component IV]} that is involved in epoxyalkane carboxylation in Xanthobacter sp. strain Py2.


entry: 1.1.1.270
name: --- - 3-keto-steroid reductase - 3-KSR
sysname: 3beta-hydroxy-steroid:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one.
iubmb_reaction: R05691
kegg_reaction: R04328 R04669
reaction:
4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05691]


entry: 1.1.1.272
sysname: (R)-2-hydroxyacid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (2R)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-sulfopyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R07136 R07137]
iubmb_reaction: R07136 R07137
kegg_reaction: R05693 R05694
name:
--- 
- (R)-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase
- (R)-sulfolactate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
- L-sulfolactate dehydrogenase
- ComC
- (R)-sulfolactate dehydrogenase

comment:
This dehydrogenase also acts on (S)-malate and (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate i.e. with the same configuration as (R)-sulfolactate.


entry: 1.1.1.273
name: --- - vellosimine dehydrogenase
sysname: 10-deoxysarpagine:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + NADP+ = vellosimine + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05827]
iubmb_reaction: R05827
comment:
Also acts on related alkaloids with an endo-aldehyde group as vellosimine (same stereochemistry at C-16) but only slight activity with exo-aldehydes. Detected in many cell suspension cultures of plants from the family Apocynaceae.


entry: 1.1.1.274
name: --- - 2,5-didehydrogluconate reductase - 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate reductase - YqhE reductase
sysname: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05823]
iubmb_reaction: R05823
comment:
This is a key enzyme in the microbial production of ascorbate. Can also reduce ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate stereoselectively to ethyl (2R)-methyl-(3S)-hydroxybutanoate and can also accept some other beta-keto esters. The identification of a bacterial beta-keto ester reductase as a 2,5-didehydrogluconate reductase links two previously separate areas of biocatalysis, i.e., asymmetric carbonyl reduction and microbial vitamin C production.


entry: 1.1.1.275
name: --- - (+)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase - carveol dehydrogenase
sysname: (+)-trans-carveol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (+)-trans-carveol + NAD+ = (+)-(S)-carvone + NADH + H+ [RN:R06117]
iubmb_reaction: R06117
comment:
NADP+ cannot replace NAD+. Forms part of the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway in Carum carvi (caraway) seeds.


entry: 1.1.1.276
name: --- - serine 3-dehydrogenase
sysname: L-serine:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-serine + NADP+ = 2-ammoniomalonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ [RN:R06126]
iubmb_reaction: R06126
comment:
The product 2-ammoniomalonate semialdehyde is spontaneously converted into 2-aminoacetaldehyde and CO2. NAD+ cannot replace NADP+.


entry: 1.1.1.277
sysname: 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one + NADP+ = 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione + NADPH + H+ [RN:R06166]
iubmb_reaction: R06166
name:
--- 
- 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid dehydrogenase
- 3beta-hydroxysteroid 5beta-oxidoreductase
- 3beta-hydroxysteroid 5beta-progesterone oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.1.279
name: --- - (R)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase - 3-oxo ester (R)-reductase
sysname: ethyl-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: ethyl (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP+ = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04105]
iubmb_reaction: R04105
comment:
Also acts on ethyl (R)-3-oxobutanoate and some other (R)-3-hydroxy acid esters. The (R)- symbol is allotted on the assumption that no substituents change the order of priority from O-3 > C-2 > C-4. A subunit of yeast fatty acid synthase EC 2.3.1.86 fatty-acyl-CoA synthase). cf. EC 1.1.1.280 (S)-3-hydroxyacid ester dehydrogenase.


entry: 1.1.1.280
name: --- - (S)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase - 3-oxo ester (S)-reductase
sysname: ethyl-(S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: ethyl (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP+ = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04106]
iubmb_reaction: R04106
comment:
Also acts on 4-oxo- and 5-oxo-fatty acids and their esters. cf. EC 1.1.1.279 (R)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase.


entry: 1.1.1.281
sysname: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose:NAD(P)+ 4-oxidoreductase (D-rhamnose-forming)
reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03397 R03399]
iubmb_reaction: R03397 R03399
name:
--- 
- GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase
- GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase [ambiguous]
- GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase
- Rmd

comment:
This enzyme differs from EC 1.1.1.187, GDP-4-dehydro-D-rhamnose reductase, in that the only product formed is GDP-D-rhamnose (GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose). D-Rhamnose is a constituent of lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative plant and human pathogenic bacteria.


entry: 1.1.1.282
name: --- - quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase - YdiB
sysname: L-quinate:NAD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R01872 R06846 R02413 R06847
comment:
This is the second shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme found in Escherichia coli and differs from EC 1.1.1.25, shikimate dehydrogenase, in that it can use both quinate and shikimate as substrate and either NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.

reaction:
(1) L-quinate + NAD(P)+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01872 R06846]; (2) shikimate + NAD(P)+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02413 R06847]


entry: 1.1.1.283
name: --- - methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent) - lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) - Gre2
sysname: lactaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07139]
iubmb_reaction: R07139
comment:
The enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyses the conversion of methylglyoxal into lactaldehyde; the reverse reaction has not been demonstrated. It differs in coenzyme requirement from EC 1.1.1.78, methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent), which is found in mammals. It also acts on phenylglyoxal and glyoxal.


entry: 1.1.1.284
sysname: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R06983 R07140]
iubmb_reaction: R06983 R07140
name:
--- 
- S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase (incorrect)
- formaldehyde dehydrogenase (incorrect)
- formic dehydrogenase (incorrect)
- class III alcohol dehydrogenase
- ADH3
- x-ADH
- FDH (incorrect)
- formaldehyde dehydrogenase (glutathione) (incorrect)
- GS-FDH (incorrect)
- glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (incorrect)
- NAD-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
- GD-FALDH
- NAD- and glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase

comment:
The substrate, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione, forms spontaneously from glutathione and formaldehyde; its rate of formation is increased in some bacteria by the presence of EC 4.4.1.22, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione synthase. This enzyme forms part of the pathway that detoxifies formaldehyde, since the product is hydrolysed by EC 3.1.2.12, S-formylglutathione hydrolase. The human enzyme belongs to the family of zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Also specifically reduces S-nitrosylglutathione.


entry: 1.1.1.286
name: --- - isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase - homoisocitrate-isocitrate dehydrogenase - PH1722
sysname: isocitrate(homoisocitrate):NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R00709 R01934
comment:
Requres Mn2+ and K+ or NH4+ for activity. Unlike EC 1.1.1.41, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) and EC 1.1.1.87, homoisocitrate dehydrogenase, this enzyme, from Pyrococcus horikoshii, can use both isocitrate and homoisocitrate as substrates. The enzyme may play a role in both the lysine and glutamate biosynthesis pathways.

reaction:
(1) isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH [RN:R00709]; (2) (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+ [RN:R01934]


entry: 1.1.1.287
sysname: D-arabinitol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R07143 R07144
name:
--- 
- D-arabinitol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- NADP+-dependent D-arabitol dehydrogenase
- ARD1p
- D-arabitol dehydrogenase 1

comment:
The enzyme from the rust fungus Uromyces fabae can use D-arabinitol and D-mannitol as substrates in the forward direction and D-xylulose, D-ribulose and, to a lesser extent, D-fructose as substrates in the reverse direction. This enzyme carries out the reactions of both EC 1.1.1.11, D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase and EC 1.1.1.250, D-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase, but unlike them, uses NADP+ rather than NAD+ as cofactor. D-Arabinitol is capable of quenching reactive oxygen species involved in defense reactions of the host plant.

reaction:
(1) D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-xylulose + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07143]; (2) D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-ribulose + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07144]


entry: 1.1.1.288
name: --- - xanthoxin dehydrogenase - xanthoxin oxidase - ABA2
sysname: xanthoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: xanthoxin + NAD+ = abscisic aldehyde + NADH + H+
iubmb_reaction: (other) R06954
kegg_reaction: R06954
comment:
Requires a molybdenum cofactor for activity. NADP+ cannot replace NAD+ and short-chain alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and cyclohexanol cannot replace xanthoxin as substrate [3]. Involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway in plants, along with EC 1.2.3.14 (abscisic aldehyde oxidase), EC 1.13.11.51 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) and EC 1.14.13.93 [(+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase]. Abscisic acid is a sesquiterpenoid plant hormone that is involved in the control of a wide range of essential physiological processes, including seed development, germination and responses to stress [3].


entry: 1.1.1.289
name: --- - sorbose reductase - Sou1p
sysname: D-glucitol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: D-glucitol + NADP+ = L-sorbose + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07346]
iubmb_reaction: R07346
comment:
The reaction occurs predominantly in the reverse direction. This enzyme can also convert D-fructose into D-mannitol, but more slowly. Belongs in the short-chain dehydrogenase family.


entry: 1.1.1.290
sysname: 4-phospho-D-erythronate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04210
name:
--- 
- 4-phosphoerythronate dehydogenase
- PdxB
- PdxB 4PE dehydrogenase
- 4-O-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase

comment:
This enzyme catalyses the second step in the biosynthesis of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in Escherichia coli. The reaction occurs predominantly in the reverse direction [3]. Other enzymes involved in this pathway are EC 1.2.1.72 (erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase), EC 2.6.1.52 (phosphoserine transaminase), EC 1.1.1.262 (4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase), EC 2.6.99.2 (pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase) and EC 1.4.3.5 (pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase).

reaction:
4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD+ = (3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + NADH + H+ [RN:R04210]


entry: 1.1.1.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) UDP-D-galactose + 2 NAD+ + H2O <=> UDP-D-galacturonate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R00501]; (2) Methylglyoxal + NADPH <=> Hydroxyacetone + NADP+ [RN:R02528]; (3) dTDP-glucose + 2 NADP+ + H2O <=> dTDP-D-glucuronate + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ [RN:R02983]; (4) beta-D-Galactose + NADPH <=> 3-Keto-beta-D-galactose + NADP+ [RN:R03113]; (5) Sorbitol 6-phosphate + NADP+ <=> Sorbose 1-phosphate + NADPH [RN:R03234]; (6) UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + 2 NAD+ + H2O <=> UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R03317]; (7) Butanal + NADH <=> 1-Butanol + NAD+ [RN:R03544]; (8) Butanal + NADPH + H+ <=> 1-Butanol + NADP+ [RN:R03545]; (9) (S)-Mandelate + NAD+ <=> alpha-Oxo-benzeneacetic acid + NADH [RN:R03792]; (10) 5-Acetamidopentanoate + NADH + H+ + CO2 <=> 6-Acetamido-2-oxohexanoate + NAD+ + H2O [RN:R04142]; (11) 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-xylonate + NAD+ <=> (4S)-5-Hydroxy-2,4-dioxopentanoate + NADH [RN:R04375]; (12) 3alpha,7alpha,24-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + NAD+ <=> 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA + NADH [RN:R04810]; (13) 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-Tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + NAD+ <=> 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-24-oxocholestanoyl-CoA + NADH [RN:R04812]; (14) Ethylene oxide + CoA + NAD+ <=> Acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R05351]; (15) 6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA + NAD+ <=> 6-Ketoxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R05581]; (16) 2-Hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + NAD+ <=> 2-Ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R05582]; (17) 1-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol + NAD+ <=> 4'-Hydroxyacetophenone + NADH + H+ [RN:R06891]; (18) UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 2 NAD+ + H2O <=> UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminuronic acid + 2 NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R06894]


entry: 1.1.2.1
name: --- - Transferred to 1.1.99.5
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.1.99.5 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.2.1 created 1961, deleted 1965)


entry: 1.1.2.3
sysname: (S)-lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
comment: Identical with cytochrome b2; a flavohemoprotein (FMN).
reaction: (S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c [RN:R00196]
iubmb_reaction: R00196
name:
--- 
- L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
- lactic acid dehydrogenase
- cytochrome b2 (flavin-free derivative of flavocytochrome b2)
- flavocytochrome b2
- L-lactate cytochrome c reductase
- L(+)-lactate:cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- dehydrogenase, lactate (cytochrome)
- L-lactate cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
- lactic cytochrome c reductase


entry: 1.1.2.4
sysname: (R)-lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c [RN:R00197]
iubmb_reaction: R00197
name:
--- 
- D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
- lactic acid dehydrogenase
- D-lactate (cytochrome) dehydrogenase
- cytochrome-dependent D-(-)-lactate dehydrogenase
- D-lactate-cytochrome c reductase
- D-(-)-lactic cytochrome c reductase


entry: 1.1.2.-
name: --- []
reaction:
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate + 2 Ferricytochrome c <=> Sulfoacetaldehyde + 2 Ferrocytochrome c [RN:R06981]


entry: 1.1.3.1
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: glycolate oxidase. Now included with EC 1.1.3.15 (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase (EC 1.1.3.1 created 1961, deleted 1984)


entry: 1.1.3.4
sysname: beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2 [RN:R01522]
iubmb_reaction: R01522
name:
--- 
- glucose oxidase
- glucose oxyhydrase
- corylophyline
- penatin
- glucose aerodehydrogenase
- microcid
- beta-D-glucose oxidase
- D-glucose oxidase
- D-glucose-1-oxidase
- beta-D-glucose:quinone oxidoreductase
- deoxin-1
- GOD


entry: 1.1.3.6
sysname: cholesterol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: cholesterol + O2 = cholest-4-en-3-one + H2O2 [RN:R01459]
iubmb_reaction: R01459
name:
--- 
- cholesterol oxidase
- cholesterol- O2 oxidoreductase
- 3beta-Hydroxy steroid oxidoreductase
- 3beta-hydroxysteroid:oxygen oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.3.7
sysname: aryl-alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: an aromatic primary alcohol + O2 = an aromatic aldehyde + H2O2 [RN:R01491]
iubmb_reaction: R01491
name:
--- 
- aryl-alcohol oxidase
- aryl alcohol oxidase
- veratryl alcohol oxidase
- arom. alcohol oxidase

comment:
Oxidizes many primary alcohols containing an aromatic ring; best substrates are (2-naphthyl)methanol and 3-methoxybenzyl alcohol.


entry: 1.1.3.8
sysname: L-gulono-1,4-lactone:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03184
name:
--- 
- L-gulonolactone oxidase
- "L-gulono-gamma-lactone: O2 oxidoreductase"
- L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase
- L-gulono-gamma-lactone:oxidoreductase
- GLO

comment:
A microsomal flavoprotein (FAD). The product spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate. While most higher animals can synthesize asborbic acid, primates and guinea pigs cannot [3].

reaction:
(1) L-gulono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-xylo-hex-2-ulono-1,4-lactone + H2O2 [RN:R03184]; (2) L-xylo-hex-2-ulono-1,4-lactone = L-ascorbate (spontaneous)


entry: 1.1.3.10
name: --- - pyranose oxidase - glucose 2-oxidase - pyranose-2-oxidase
sysname: pyranose:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-glucose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-glucose + H2O2 [RN:R00302]
iubmb_reaction: R00302
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Also oxidizes D-xylose, L-sorbose and D-glucono-1,5-lactone, which have the same ring conformation and configuration at C-2, C-3 and C-4.


entry: 1.1.3.11
name: --- - L-sorbose oxidase
sysname: L-sorbose:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-sorbose + O2 = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H2O2 [RN:R01695]
iubmb_reaction: R01695
comment:
Also acts on D-glucose, D-galactose and D-xylose, but not on D-fructose. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor.


entry: 1.1.3.13
name: --- - alcohol oxidase - ethanol oxidase
sysname: alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: a primary alcohol + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2 [RN:R00637]
iubmb_reaction: R00637 > R00608
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD); acts on lower primary alcohols and unsaturated alcohols but branched-chain and secondary alcohols are not attacked.


entry: 1.1.3.15
sysname: (S)-2-hydroxy-acid:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy acid + O2 = 2-oxo acid + H2O2 [RN:R01341]
iubmb_reaction: R01341 > R00475
name:
--- 
- (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase
- glycolate oxidase
- hydroxy-acid oxidase A
- hydroxy-acid oxidase B
- oxidase, L-2-hydroxy acid
- hydroxyacid oxidase A
- L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase
- L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FMN). Exists as two major isoenzymes; the A form preferentially oxidizes short-chain aliphatic hydroxy acids, and was previously listed as EC 1.1.3.1, glycolate oxidase; the B form preferentially oxidizes long-chain and aromatic hydroxy acids. The rat isoenzyme B also acts as EC 1.4.3.2, L-amino-acid oxidase.


entry: 1.1.3.17
name: --- - choline oxidase
sysname: choline:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: choline + O2 = betaine aldehyde + H2O2 [RN:R01022]
iubmb_reaction: R01022
kegg_reaction: R00040
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Also oxidizes betaine aldehyde to betaine. In many bacteria, plants and animals, betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine. Different enzymes are involved in the first reaction. In plants, this reaction is catalysed by EC 1.14.15.7, choline monooxygenase, whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalysed by either membrane-bound choline dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.1) or soluble choline oxidase (EC 1.1.3.17) [6]. The enzyme involved in the second step, EC 1.2.1.8, betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria. In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156, glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.157, sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase.


entry: 1.1.3.18
name: --- - secondary-alcohol oxidase - polyvinyl alcohol oxidase - secondary alcohol oxidase
sysname: secondary-alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: a secondary alcohol + O2 = a ketone + H2O2 [RN:R02277]
iubmb_reaction: R02277
comment:
Acts on secondary alcohols with five or more carbons, and polyvinyl alcohols with molecular mass over 300 Da. The Pseudomonas enzyme contains one atom of non-heme iron per molecule.


entry: 1.1.3.20
sysname: long-chain-alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase
comment: Oxidizes long-chain fatty alcohols; best substrate is dodecyl alcohol.
reaction: 2 long-chain alcohol + O2 = 2 long-chain aldehyde + 2 H2O [RN:R00041]
iubmb_reaction: R00041
name:
--- 
- long-chain-alcohol oxidase
- long-chain fatty alcohol oxidase
- fatty alcohol oxidase
- fatty alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase
- long-chain fatty acid oxidase


entry: 1.1.3.21
sysname: sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2 = glycerone phosphate + H2O2 [RN:R00846]
iubmb_reaction: R00846
name:
--- 
- glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
- glycerol phosphate oxidase
- glycerol-1-phosphate oxidase
- L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase
- alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase
- L-alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase


entry: 1.1.3.22
name: --- - Transferred to 1.17.3.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.17.3.2, xanthine oxidase. The enzyme was incorrectly classified as acting on a CH-OH group (EC 1.1.3.22 created 1961 as EC 1.2.3.2, transferred 1984 to EC 1.1.3.22, modified 1989, deleted 2004)


entry: 1.1.3.23
sysname: thiamine:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase
reaction: thiamine + 2 O2 + H2O = thiamine acetic acid + 2 H2O2 [RN:R02132]
iubmb_reaction: R02132
kegg_reaction: R00033 R00072
name:
--- 
- thiamine oxidase
- thiamin dehydrogenase
- thiamine dehydrogenase
- thiamin:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). The product differs from thiamine in replacement of -CH2.CH2.OH by -CH2.COOH; the two-step oxidation proceeds without the release of the intermediate aldehyde from the enzyme.


entry: 1.1.3.24
name: --- - Transferred to 1.3.3.12
comment:
Transferred entry: L-galactonolactone oxidase. Now EC 1.3.3.12, L-galactonolactone oxidase. The enzyme had been incorrectly classified as acting upon a CH-OH donor rather than a CH-CH donor. (EC 1.1.3.24 created 1984, deleted 2006)


entry: 1.1.3.25
name: --- - Transferred to 1.1.99.18
comment:
Transferred entry: now included with EC 1.1.99.18, cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.3.25 created 1986, deleted 2005)


entry: 1.1.3.28
name: --- - nucleoside oxidase
sysname: nucleoside:oxygen 5'-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05821
kegg_reaction: R00055 R05822
comment:
Other purine and pyrimidine nucleosides (as well as 2'-deoxynucleosides) are substrates, but ribose and nucleotides are not substrates. The overall reaction takes place in two separate steps, with the 5'-dehydro nucleoside being released from the enzyme to serve as substrate for the second reaction. This enzyme differs from EC 1.1.3.39, nucleoside oxidase (H2O2-forming), as it produces water rather than hydrogen peroxide.

reaction:
(1) inosine + O2 = 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O [RN:R05821]; (2) (1a) 2 inosine + O2 = 2 5'-dehydroinosine + 2 H2O; (3) (1b) 2 5'-dehydroinosine + O2 = 2 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O


entry: 1.1.3.29
sysname: N-acyl-D-hexosamine:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on N-glycolylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and, more slowly, on N-acetylmannosamine.
reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + O2 = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + H2O2 [RN:R01203]
iubmb_reaction: R01203
name:
--- 
- N-acylhexosamine oxidase
- N-acyl-D-hexosamine oxidase
- N-acyl-beta-D-hexosamine:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.3.31
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: methanol oxidase. Cannot be distinguished from EC 1.1.3.13, alcohol oxidase. (EC 1.1.3.31 created 1992, deleted 2003)


entry: 1.1.3.32
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.21.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.21.1, (S)-stylopine synthase (EC 1.1.3.32 created 1999, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.1.3.33
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.21.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.21.2, (S)-cheilanthifoline synthase (EC 1.1.3.33 created 1999, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.1.3.38
name: --- - vanillyl-alcohol oxidase - 4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzyl alcohol oxidase
sysname: vanillyl alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: vanillyl alcohol + O2 = vanillin + H2O2 [RN:R02877]
iubmb_reaction: R02877
comment:
Vanillyl-alcohol oxidase from Penicillium simplicissimum contains covalently bound FAD. It converts a wide range of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohols and 4-hydroxybenzylamines into the corresponding aldehydes. The allyl group of 4-allylphenols is also converted into the -CH=CH-CH2OH group.


entry: 1.1.3.39
name: --- - nucleoside oxidase (H2O2-forming)
sysname: nucleoside:oxygen 5'-oxidoreductase (H2O2-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R05695
kegg_reaction: R05696 R05697
comment:
A heme-containing flavoprotein (FAD). Other purine and pyrimidine nucleosides (as well as 2'-deoxynucleosides and arabinosides) are substrates, but ribose and nucleotides are not substrates. The overall reaction takes place in two separate steps steps, with the 5'-dehydro nucleoside being released from the enzyme to serve as substrate for the second reaction. This enzyme differs from EC 1.1.3.28, nucleoside oxidase, as it produces hydrogen peroxide rather than water.

reaction:
(1) adenosine + 2 O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + 2 H2O2 [RN:R05695]; (2) (1a) adenosine + O2 = 5'-dehydroadenosine + H2O2; (3) (1b) 5'-dehydroadenosine + O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + H2O2


entry: 1.1.3.40
name: --- - D-mannitol oxidase - mannitol oxidase - D-arabitol oxidase
sysname: mannitol:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing)
reaction: mannitol + O2 = mannose + H2O2 [RN:R05698]
iubmb_reaction: R05698
comment:
Also catalyses the oxidation of D-arabinitol and, to a lesser extent, D-glucitol (sorbitol), whereas L-arabinitol is not a good substrate. The enzyme from the snails Helix aspersa and Arion ater is found in a specialised tubular organelle that has been termed the mannosome.


entry: 1.1.3.41
name: --- - xylitol oxidase
sysname: xylitol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: xylitol + O2 = xylose + H2O2 [RN:R07152]
iubmb_reaction: R07152
comment:
The enzyme from Streptomyces sp. IKD472 is a monomeric oxidase containing one molecule of FAD per molecule of protein. The enzyme also oxidizes D-sorbitol.


entry: 1.1.3.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 2-Dehydro-D-glucose + Oxygen <=> 2-Dehydro-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2 [RN:R04048]; (2) 2 5,6-Dihydroxyindole + Oxygen <=> 2 Indole-5,6-quinone + 2 H2O [RN:R04884]; (3) 2-Hydroxypropylphosphonate + Oxygen <=> Phosphonomycin + H2O2 [RN:R05200]; (4) 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + Oxygen <=> 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid + H2O [RN:R06887]


entry: 1.1.4.1
name: --- - vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive)
sysname: 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone:oxidized-dithiothreitol oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03511
kegg_reaction: R03645
comment:
In the reverse reaction, vitamin K 2,3-epoxide is reduced to vitamin K and possibly to vitamin K hydroquinone by 1,4-dithiothreitol, which is oxidized to a disulfide; some other dithiols and 4-butanethiol can also act. Inhibited strongly by warfarin [cf. EC 1.1.4.2 vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive)].

reaction:
2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O = 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 1,4-dithiothreitol [RN:R03511]


entry: 1.1.4.2
name: --- - vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive)
sysname: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phytyl-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone:oxidized-dithi othreitol oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03512
kegg_reaction: R05830
comment:
In the reverse reaction, vitamin K 2,3-epoxide is reduced to 3-hydroxy- (and 2-hydroxy-) vitamin K by 1,4-dithiothreitol, which is oxidized to a disulfide. Not inhibited by warfarin [cf. EC 1.1.4.1 vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive)].

reaction:
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phytyl-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O = 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 1,4-dithiothreitol [RN:R03512]


entry: 1.1.5.1
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: cellobiose dehydrogenase (quinone). Now known to be proteolytic product of EC 1.1.99.18, cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor). (EC 1.1.5.1 created 1983, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.1.5.2
sysname: D-glucose:ubiquinone oxidoreductase
reaction: D-glucose + ubiquinone = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + ubiquinol [RN:R06620]
iubmb_reaction: R06620
name:
--- 
- quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase
- D-glucose:(pyrroloquinoline-quinone) 1-oxidoreductase
- glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-dependent)
- glucose dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone)
- quinoprotein D-glucose dehydrogenase

comment:
Requires Mg2+ or Ca2+ for maximal activity. This is a PQQ-containing quinoprotein that catalyses a direct oxidation of D-glucose to D-gluconate in the periplasm of some bacteria and concomitantly transfers electrons to ubiquinol oxidase through ubiquinone in the respiratory chain.


entry: 1.1.99.1
sysname: choline:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: choline + acceptor = betaine aldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R01025]
iubmb_reaction: R01025
kegg_reaction: R02567
name:
--- 
- choline dehydrogenase
- choline oxidase
- choline-cytochrome c reductase
- choline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase
- choline:(acceptor) 1-oxidoreductase

comment:
A quinoprotein. In many bacteria, plants and animals, betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine. Different enzymes are involved in the first reaction. In plants, this reaction is catalysed by EC 1.14.15.7, choline monooxygenase, whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalysed by either membrane-bound choline dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.1) or soluble choline oxidase (EC 1.1.3.17) [4]. The enzyme involved in the second step, EC 1.2.1.8, betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria. In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156, glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.157, sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase.


entry: 1.1.99.2
sysname: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00298]
iubmb_reaction: R00298 > R03534
name:
--- 
- 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketoglutarate reductase
- alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
- L-alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
- hydroxyglutaric dehydrogenase
- alpha-hydroxyglutarate oxidoreductase
- L-alpha-hydroxyglutarate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
- alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD+ specific)
- (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.99.3
sysname: D-gluconate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: D-gluconate + acceptor = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + reduced acceptor [RN:R01742]
iubmb_reaction: R01742 > R01741
name:
--- 
- gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- gluconate oxidase
- gluconate dehydrogenase
- gluconic dehydrogenase
- D-gluconate dehydrogenase
- gluconic acid dehydrogenase
- 2-ketogluconate reductase
- D-gluconate dehydrogenase, 2-keto-D-gluconate-yielding
- D-gluconate:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.99.4
sysname: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein.
reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + acceptor = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + reduced acceptor [RN:R07153]
iubmb_reaction: R07153
kegg_reaction: R00849
name:
--- 
- dehydrogluconate dehydrogenase
- ketogluconate dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketogluconate dehydrogenase
- 2-keto-D-gluconate dehydrogenase
- 2-oxogluconate dehydrogenase


entry: 1.1.99.5
sysname: sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase
comment: Formerly EC 1.1.2.1.
reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acceptor = glycerone phosphate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00849]
iubmb_reaction: R00849 > R00848
name:
--- 
- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
- L-3-glycerophosphate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase
- sn-glycerol 3-phosphate oxidase
- dehydrogenase, glycerol phosphate (acceptor)
- glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
- glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
- NAD-independent glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
- glycerol 3-phosphate cytochrome c reductase
- flavoprotein-linked L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- FAD-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (FAD)
- glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- FAD-dependent sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- L-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (flavin-linked)
- flavin-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- pyridine nucleotide-independent L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- DL-glycerol 3-phosphate oxidase
- FAD-linked L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.99.6
sysname: (R)-2-hydroxy-acid:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase
comment: A zinc flavoprotein (FAD). Acts on a variety of (R)-2-hydroxy acids.
reaction: (R)-lactate + acceptor = pyruvate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00297]
iubmb_reaction: R00297
name:
--- 
- D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase
- D-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase
- (R)-2-hydroxy-acid:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.99.7
name: --- - lactate-malate transhydrogenase - malate-lactate transhydrogenase
sysname: (S)-lactate:oxaloacetate oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = pyruvate + malate [RN:R01447]
iubmb_reaction: R01447
comment:
Catalyses hydrogen transfer from C3 or C4 (S)-2-hydroxy acids to 2-oxo acids. It contains tightly bound nicotinamide nucleotide in its active centre. This prosthetic group cannot be removed without denaturation of the protein.


entry: 1.1.99.8
sysname: alcohol:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: a primary alcohol + acceptor = an aldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R00639]
iubmb_reaction: R00639 > R01146 R05062 R05121 R05198 R05285
kegg_reaction: R02479
name:
--- 
- alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- primary alcohol dehydrogenase
- MDH
- quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase
- quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase
- quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase
- alcohol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
A quinoprotein. Acts on a wide range of primary alcohols, including methanol [cf. EC 1.1.99.20 alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor)].


entry: 1.1.99.9
sysname: pyridoxine:acceptor 5-oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: pyridoxine + acceptor = isopyridoxal + reduced acceptor [RN:R07154]
iubmb_reaction: R07154 > R01910
kegg_reaction: R00639
name:
--- 
- pyridoxine 5-dehydrogenase
- pyridoxal-5-dehydrogenase
- pyridoxol 5-dehydrogenase
- pyridoxin 5-dehydrogenase
- pyridoxine dehydrogenase
- pyridoxine 5'-dehydrogenase
- pyridoxine:(acceptor) 5-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.99.10
sysname: D-glucose:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: D-glucose + acceptor = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor [RN:R00305]
iubmb_reaction: R00305
name:
--- 
- glucose dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- glucose dehydrogenase (Aspergillus)
- glucose dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
- D-glucose:(acceptor) 1-oxidoreductase

comment:
A glycoprotein containing one mole of FAD per mole of enzyme. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor


entry: 1.1.99.11
sysname: D-fructose:acceptor 5-oxidoreductase
comment: 2,6-Dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor.
reaction: D-fructose + acceptor = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + reduced acceptor [RN:R00873]
iubmb_reaction: R00873
name:
--- 
- fructose 5-dehydrogenase
- fructose 5-dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- D-fructose dehydrogenase
- D-fructose:(acceptor) 5-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.99.13
sysname: D-aldohexoside:acceptor 3-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R00808 > R00807 R06233(G)
kegg_reaction: R01680 R06219(G)
name:
--- 
- glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
- D-glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
- D-aldohexopyranoside dehydrogenase
- D-aldohexoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- hexopyranoside-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- D-aldohexoside:(acceptor) 3-oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). The enzyme acts on D-glucose, D-galactose, D-glucosides and D-galactosides, but D-glucosides react more rapidly than D-galactosides.

reaction:
sucrose + acceptor = 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucosyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside + reduced acceptor [RN:R00808]


entry: 1.1.99.14
sysname: glycolate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on (R)-lactate. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol and phenazine methosulfate can act as acceptors.
reaction: glycolate + acceptor = glyoxylate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00476]
iubmb_reaction: R00476
name:
--- 
- glycolate dehydrogenase
- glycolate oxidoreductase
- glycolic acid dehydrogenase
- glycolate:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.99.15
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.99.5
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.7.99.5 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2) (EC 1.1.99.15 created 1978, deleted 1980)


entry: 1.1.99.16
sysname: (S)-malate:acceptor oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: (S)-malate + acceptor = oxaloacetate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00361]
iubmb_reaction: R00361 > R01257
name:
--- 
- malate dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- FAD-dependent malate-vitamin K reductase
- malate-vitamin K reductase
- (S)-malate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase


entry: 1.1.99.17
name: --- - Transferred to 1.1.5.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.1.5.2 quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase. (EC 1.1.99.17 created 1982, deleted 2003)


entry: 1.1.99.18
sysname: cellobiose:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: cellobiose + acceptor = cellobiono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor [RN:R01443 R06246]
iubmb_reaction: R01443 R06246(G) > R01442 R06244(G)
kegg_reaction: R02365 R06247(G)
name:
--- 
- cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- cellobiose dehydrogenase
- cellobiose oxidoreductase
- Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiose oxidoreductase
- CBOR
- cellobiose oxidase
- cellobiose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase
- CDH
- cellobiose:(acceptor) 1-oxidoreductase

comment:
2,6-Dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor. Also acts, more slowly, on cello-oligosaccharides, lactose and D-glucosyl-1,4-beta-D-mannose. Includes EC 1.1.5.1, cellobiose dehydrogenase (quinone), which is now known to be a proteolytic product of this enzyme. The enzyme from the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is unusual in having two redoxin domains, one containing a flavin and the other a protoheme group. It transfers reducing equivalents from cellobiose to two types of redox acceptor: two-electron oxidants, including redox dyes, benzoquinones and molecular oxygen and one-electron oxidants, including semiquinone species, iron(II) complexes and the model acceptor cytochrome c [9].


entry: 1.1.99.19
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: uracil dehydrogenase. Now EC 1.17.99.4, uracil/thymine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.19 created 1961 as EC 1.2.99.1, transferred 1984 to EC 1.1.99.19, deleted 2006)


entry: 1.1.99.20
sysname: alkan-1-ol:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: primary alcohol + acceptor = aldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R00639]
iubmb_reaction: R00639
name:
--- 
- alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- polyethylene glycol dehydrogenase
- alkan-1-ol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
A quinoprotein. Acts on C3-C16 linear-chain saturated primary alcohols, C4-C7 aldehydes and on non-ionic surfactants containing polyethylene glycol residues, such as Tween 40 and 60, but not on methanol and only very slowly on ethanol. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor. cf. EC 1.1.99.8 alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor).


entry: 1.1.99.22
name: --- - glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor) - glycerol:(acceptor) 1-oxidoreductase
sysname: glycerol:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: glycerol + acceptor = glycerone + reduced acceptor [RN:R01045]
iubmb_reaction: R01045
comment:
A quinoprotein. Also acts, more slowly, on a number of other polyols including D-sorbitol, D-arabitol, meso-erythritol, adonitol and propylene glycol.


entry: 1.1.99.23
sysname: polyvinyl-alcohol:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + acceptor = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + reduced acceptor [RN:R03136]
iubmb_reaction: R03136
name:
--- 
- polyvinyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- PVA dehydrogenase
- polyvinyl-alcohol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
A quinoprotein. Phenazine methosulfate and 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptors. Also acts, more slowly, on 2-hexanol and some other secondary alcohols. cf. EC 1.1.99.8 alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) and EC 1.1.99.20 alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor).


entry: 1.1.99.24
name: --- - hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase - transhydrogenase, hydroxy acid-oxo acid
sysname: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate:2-oxoglutarate oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = acetoacetate + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate [RN:R03225]
iubmb_reaction: R03225
comment:
4-Hydroxybutanoate and (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate can also act as donors; 4-oxobutanoate can also act as acceptor.


entry: 1.1.99.25
sysname: quinate:pyrroloquinoline-quinone 3-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R01873
kegg_reaction: R02415
name:
--- 
- quinate dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone)
- NAD(P)-independent quinate dehydrogenase
- quinate:pyrroloquinoline-quinone 5-oxidoreductase

reaction:
quinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinone = 3-dehydroquinate + reduced pyrroloquinoline-quinone [RN:R01873]


entry: 1.1.99.27
sysname: (R)-pantolactone:acceptor oxidoreductase (flavin-containing)
reaction: (R)-pantolactone + acceptor = 2-dehydropantolactone + reduced acceptor [RN:R03156]
iubmb_reaction: R03156
name:
--- 
- (R)-pantolactone dehydrogenase (flavin)
- 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (flavin)
- 2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase (flavin)
- (R)-pantoyllactone dehydrogenase (flavin)

comment:
high specificity for (R)-pantolactone. Phenazine methosulfate (PMS) can act as acceptor. The enzyme has been studied in the bacterium Nocardia asteroides and shown to be membrane-bound and induced by 1,2-propanediol. The FMN cofactor is non-covalently bound.


entry: 1.1.99.28
name: --- - glucose-fructose oxidoreductase
sysname: D-glucose:D-fructose oxidoreductase
reaction: D-glucose + D-fructose = D-gluconolactone + D-glucitol [RN:R00874]
iubmb_reaction: R00874
comment:
D-mannose, D-xylose, D-galactose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and L-arabinose will function as aldose substrates, but with low affinities. The ketose substrate must be in the open-chain form. The apparent affinity for fructose is low, because little of the fructose substrate is in the open-chain form. Xylulose and glycerone (dihydroxyacetone) will replace fructose, but they are poor substrates. The enzyme from Zymomonas mobilis contains tightly bound NADP+.


entry: 1.1.99.29
sysname: pyranose:acceptor oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R07347 R07348
name:
--- 
- pyranose dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- pyranose dehydrogenase
- pyranose-quinone oxidoreductase
- quinone-dependent pyranose dehydrogenase
- PDH

comment:
Requires FAD. A number of aldoses and ketoses in pyranose form, as well as glycosides, gluco-oligosaccharides, sucrose and lactose can act as a donor. 1,4-Benzoquinone or ferricenium ion (ferrocene oxidized by removal of one electron) can serve as acceptor. Unlike EC 1.1.3.10, pyranose oxidase, this fungal enzyme does not interact with O2 and exhibits extremely broad substrate tolerance with variable regioselectivity (C-3, C-2 or C-3 + C-2 or C-3 + C-4) for (di)oxidation of different sugars. D-Glucose is exclusively or preferentially oxidized at C-3 (depending on the enzyme source), but can also be oxidized at C-2 + C-3. The enzyme also acts on 1->4-alpha- and 1->4-beta-gluco-oligosaccharides, non-reducing gluco-oligosaccharides and L-arabinose, which are not substrates of EC 1.1.3.10. Sugars are oxidized in their pyranose but not in their furanose form.

reaction:
(1) pyranose + acceptor = 2-dehydropyranose (or 3-dehydropyranose or 2,3-didehydropyranose) + reduced acceptor [RN:R07347]; (2) a pyranoside + acceptor = a 3-dehydropyranoside (or 3,4-didehydropyranoside) + reduced acceptor [RN:R07348]


entry: 1.1.99.30
sysname: (2R)-hydroxy-carboxylate:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: a (2R)-hydroxy-carboxylate + acceptor = a 2-oxo-carboxylate + reduced acceptor [RN:R07155]
iubmb_reaction: R07155
name:
--- 
- 2-oxo-acid reductase
- (2R)-hydroxycarboxylate-viologen-oxidoreductase
- HVOR
- 2-oxoacid reductase

comment:
Contains [4Fe-4S] and a mononucleotide molybdenum (pyranopterin) cofactor. Has broad substrate specificity, with 2-oxo-monocarboxylates and 2-oxo-dicarboxylates acting as substrates. Branching in a substrate at the C-3 position results in loss of activity. The enzyme from Proteus sp. is inactivated by oxygen.


entry: 1.1.99.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) (S)-Mandelate + Acceptor <=> alpha-Oxo-benzeneacetic acid + Reduced acceptor [RN:R03793]; (2) (S)-4-Hydroxymandelate + Acceptor <=> 4-Hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + Reduced acceptor [RN:R04160]; (3) (2-Aminoethyl)phosphonate <=> 1-Hydroxy-2-aminoethylphosphonate [RN:R04249]; (4) trans-3-Chloro-2-propene-1-ol <=> 3-Chloroallyl aldehyde + 2 H+ [RN:R05233]; (5) cis-3-Chloro-2-propene-1-ol <=> 3-Chloroallyl aldehyde + 2 H+ [RN:R05234]; (6) Limonene-1,2-diol <=> (1S,4R)-1-Hydroxy-2-oxolimonene [RN:R06399]


entry: 1.1.-.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 1-Phenylethanol <=> Acetophenone + 2 e- + 2 H+ [RN:R05352]; (2) 2,6-Dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + Acceptor <=> 6-Oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + Reduced acceptor [RN:R05583]; (3) 2-Hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + Acceptor <=> 4-Isopropenyl-2-oxy-cyclohexanecarboxyl-CoA + Reduced acceptor [RN:R06370]; (4) Myrtenol + Oxygen + Acceptor <=> Myrtenal + 2 H2O + Reduced acceptor [RN:R06402]; (5) Pinocarveol <=> Pinocarvone + H+ [RN:R06405]; (6) 3-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA + NAD+ <=> 2,6-Dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R06413]; (7) Benzene-1,2,4-triol <=> 2-Hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone [RN:R06853]; (8) 2-Hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone <=> p-Benzoquinone + H2O [RN:R06854]; (9) 1,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol <=> 4,4'-Dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + H2O [RN:R06885]; (10) Naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl CoA <=> Naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ [RN:R06907]; (11) cis-1,2-Dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene <=> 1,2-Dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene [RN:R06920]


entry: 1.2.1.1
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. This enzyme was classified on the basis of an incorrect reaction. It has been replaced by two enzymes, EC 1.1.1.284, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase and EC 4.4.1.22, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione synthase (EC 1.2.1.1 created 1961, modified 1982, modified 2002, deleted 2005)


entry: 1.2.1.2
sysname: formate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: formate + NAD+ = CO2 + NADH [RN:R00519]
iubmb_reaction: R00519
name:
--- 
- formate dehydrogenase
- formate-NAD oxidoreductase
- FDH I
- FDH II
- N-FDH
- formic hydrogen-lyase
- formate hydrogenlyase
- hydrogenlyase
- NAD-linked formate dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase
- formate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- NAD-formate dehydrogenase
- formate benzyl-viologen oxidoreductase
- formic acid dehydrogenase

comment:
The enzyme from most aerobic organisms is devoid of redox-active centres but that from the proteobacterium Methylosinus trichosporium contains iron-sulfur centres, flavin and a molybdenum centre [3]. Together with EC 1.12.1.2 hydrogen dehydrogenase, forms a system previously known as formate hydrogenlyase.


entry: 1.2.1.3
sysname: aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Wide specificity, including oxidation of D-glucuronolactone to D-glucarate. Formerly EC 1.1.1.70.
reaction: an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R00632]
kegg_reaction: R00711 R01986 R02957
name:
--- 
- aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase
- m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase
- NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent 4-hydroxynonenal dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase
- propionaldehyde dehydrogenase
- aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD)

iubmb_reaction:
R00632 > R00538 R00631 R00710 R00904 R01752 R02549 R02678 R02940 R03283 R03869 R04065 R04506 R04903 R05050 R05119 R05286 R06366


entry: 1.2.1.4
sysname: aldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: an aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = an acid + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00634]
iubmb_reaction: R00634 > R05099
name:
--- 
- aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- NADP-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
- NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase
- aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.2.1.5
name: --- - aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] - aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] - ALDH
sysname: aldehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00632 R00634]
kegg_reaction: R07104
iubmb_reaction:
R00632 > R00710 R02536 R02695 R03300 R04882 R04888 R04891 R04996; R00634 > R00711 R02537 R02697 R03302 R04883 R04889 R04892


entry: 1.2.1.7
sysname: benzaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: benzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = benzoate + NADPH + 2 H+ [RN:R01420]
iubmb_reaction: R01420
kegg_reaction: R01294 R05289 R05663 R05664
name:
--- 
- benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- NADP-linked benzaldehyde dehydrogenase
- benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.2.1.8
sysname: betaine-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R02565]
iubmb_reaction: R02565
kegg_reaction: R02566
name:
--- 
- betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
- betaine aldehyde oxidase
- BADH
- betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
- BetB

comment:
In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine. This enzyme is involved in the second step and appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria. In contrast, different enzymes are involved in the first reaction. In plants, this reaction is catalysed by EC 1.14.15.7, choline monooxygenase, whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalysed by either membrane-bound choline dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.1) or soluble choline oxidase (EC 1.1.3.17) [5]. In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156, glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase and EC 2.1.1.157, sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase.


entry: 1.2.1.9
sysname: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NADP+ + H2O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NADPH + 2 H+ [RN:R01058]
iubmb_reaction: R01058
name:
--- 
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- triosephosphate dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)
- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)
- NADP-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
- NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NADP reductase
- nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.2.1.10
sysname: acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
reaction: acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R00228]
iubmb_reaction: R00228
kegg_reaction: R01172
name:
--- 
- acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
- aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
- ADA
- acylating acetaldehyde dehyrogenase
- DmpF

comment:
Also acts, more slowly, on glycolaldehyde, propanal and butanal. In Pseudomonas species, this enzyme forms part of a bifunctional enzyme with EC 4.1.3.39, 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase. It is the final enzyme in the meta-cleavage pathway for the degradation of phenols, cresols and catechol, converting the acetaldehyde produced by EC 4.1.3.39 into acetyl-CoA [3]. NADP+ can replace NAD+ but the rate of reaction is much slower [3].


entry: 1.2.1.11
sysname: L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
reaction: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP+ = L-4-aspartyl phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02291]
iubmb_reaction: R02291
name:
--- 
- aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- aspartic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde:NADP oxidoreductase (phosporylating)
- aspartic beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- ASA dehydrogenase


entry: 1.2.1.12
sysname: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
comment: Also acts very slowly on D-glyceraldehyde and some other aldehydes; thiols can replace phosphate.
iubmb_reaction: R01061
kegg_reaction: R01063 R04201
name:
--- 
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)
- triosephosphate dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate
- phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
- 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
- glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- NADH-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
- glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase

reaction:
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01061]


entry: 1.2.1.13
sysname: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
iubmb_reaction: R01063
kegg_reaction: R01061
name:
--- 
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating)
- triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)
- dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) (phosphorylating)
- glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) (phosphorylating)
- NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- NADP-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
- NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
- NADP-triose phosphate dehydrogenase
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP) (phosphorylating)
- GAPDH

reaction:
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NADP+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01063]


entry: 1.2.1.16
sysname: succinate-semialdehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = succinate + NAD(P)H + 2 H+ [RN:R00713 R00714]
iubmb_reaction: R00713 R00714
name:
--- 
- succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
- succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
- succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)]


entry: 1.2.1.18
sysname: 3-oxopropanoate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, CoA-acetylating)
reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H [RN:R00705 R00706]
iubmb_reaction: R00705 R00706
kegg_reaction: R00740 R03381
name:
--- 
- malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
- malonic semialdehyde oxidative decarboxylase


entry: 1.2.1.19
sysname: 4-aminobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: 4-aminobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R02549]
iubmb_reaction: R02549
name:
--- 
- aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
- gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
- ABAL dehydrogenase
- 4-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
- 4-aminobutanal dehydrogenase
- gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydroganase

comment:
The plant enzyme also acts on 4-guanidinobutanal (cf. EC 1.2.1.54 gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.2.1.22
sysname: (S)-lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = (S)-lactate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R01446]
iubmb_reaction: R01446
kegg_reaction: R00203
name:
--- 
- lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
- L-lactaldehyde:NAD oxidoreductase
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-linked dehydrogenase


entry: 1.2.1.23
sysname: 2-oxoaldehyde:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
comment: Not identical with EC 1.2.1.49 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+).
reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R01337]
iubmb_reaction: R01337 > R00203
kegg_reaction: R01735
name:
--- 
- 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
- methylglyoxal dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD)


entry: 1.2.1.24
sysname: succinate-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = succinate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R00713]
iubmb_reaction: R00713
name:
--- 
- succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- succinyl semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- succinate semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase


entry: 1.2.1.25
sysname: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-methyl-propanoylating)
comment: Also acts on (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate.
reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + NAD+ = 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH [RN:R01210]
iubmb_reaction: R01210
kegg_reaction: R01651 R03171
name:
--- 
- 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating)
- 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketoisovalerate dehydrogenase


entry: 1.2.1.26
sysname: 2,5-dioxopentanoate:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NADP+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + 2 H+ [RN:R00264]
iubmb_reaction: R00264
name:
--- 
- 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase
- 2-oxoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase


entry: 1.2.1.27
name: --- - methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) - MSDH - MMSA dehydrogenase
sysname: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase (CoA-propanoylating)
reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + H2O + NAD+ = propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- + NADH [RN:R00922]
iubmb_reaction: R00922 > R00935
kegg_reaction: R00705
comment:
Also converts propanal to propanoyl-CoA [3]. The reaction occurs in two steps with the decarboxylation process preceding CoA-binding [3]. Bicarbonate rather than CO2 is released as a final product [3].


entry: 1.2.1.28
sysname: benzaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = benzoate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R01419]
iubmb_reaction: R01419
kegg_reaction: R01293
name:
--- 
- benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- benzaldehyde (NAD) dehydrogenase
- benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD)


entry: 1.2.1.30
sysname: aryl-aldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (ATP-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R01490
name:
--- 
- aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- aromatic acid reductase
- aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP)

reaction:
an aromatic aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADPH + H+ + ATP [RN:R01490]


entry: 1.2.1.31
sysname: L-2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde:NAD(P)+ 6-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03102 R03103
kegg_reaction: R03098 R04390 R04863
name:
--- 
- L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- alpha-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- alpha-aminoadipate reductase
- 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- L-alpha-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde oxidoreductase
- L-alpha-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde:NAD oxidoreductase
- L-alpha-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase

reaction:
L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03102 R03103]


entry: 1.2.1.32
sysname: 2-aminomuconate-6-semialdehyde:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.
reaction: 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 2-aminomuconate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R03889]
iubmb_reaction: R03889
kegg_reaction: R02762 R05353
name:
--- 
- aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-hydroxymuconic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- alpha-aminomuconic epsilon-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- alpha-hydroxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase


entry: 1.2.1.33
sysname: (R)-4-dehydropantoate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)-4-dehydropantoate + NAD+ + H2O = (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R03198]
iubmb_reaction: R03198
name:
--- 
- (R)-dehydropantoate dehydrogenase
- D-aldopantoate dehydrogenase
- D-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-3-formylpropionate:diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN+) oxidoreductase


entry: 1.2.1.34
name: --- - Transferred to 1.1.1.131
comment:
Transferred entry: now included with EC 1.1.1.131 mannuronate reductase (EC 1.2.1.34 created 1972, deleted 1983 [transferred to EC 1.1.1.180, deleted 1984])


entry: 1.2.1.38
sysname: N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
iubmb_reaction: R03443
name:
--- 
- N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase
- reductase, acetyl-gamma-glutamyl phosphate
- N-acetylglutamate 5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- N-acetylglutamic gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- N-acetyl-L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde:NADP oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)

reaction:
N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N-acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03443]


entry: 1.2.1.40
sysname: (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al:NAD+ 26-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03506
name:
--- 
- 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxycholestan-26-al 26-oxidoreductase
- cholestanetriol-26-al 26-dehydrogenase
- 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al dehydrogenase
- trihydroxydeoxycoprostanal dehydrogenase
- THAL-NAD oxidoreductase
- 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al:NAD+ 26-oxidoreductase

reaction:
(25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al + NAD+ + H2O = (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R03506]


entry: 1.2.1.41
sysname: L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP+ = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03313]
iubmb_reaction: R03313
kegg_reaction: R04295
name:
--- 
- glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- beta-glutamylphosphate reductase
- gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase
- glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase


entry: 1.2.1.43
sysname: formate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: A tungsten-selenium-iron protein.
reaction: formate + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH [RN:R00134]
iubmb_reaction: R00134
name:
--- 
- formate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- NADP-dependent formate dehydrogenase
- formate dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.2.1.44
sysname: cinnamaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-cinnamoylating)
comment: Acts also on a number of substituted cinnamoyl esters of coenzyme A.
reaction: cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02506]
iubmb_reaction: R02506
kegg_reaction: R01615 R01941 R02193 R02220 R06569
name:
--- 
- cinnamoyl-CoA reductase
- feruloyl-CoA reductase
- cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase
- ferulyl-CoA reductase
- feruloyl coenzyme A reductase
- p-hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase
- cinnamoyl-CoA:NADPH reductase


entry: 1.2.1.45
sysname: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate-6-semialdehyde:NADP+ 6-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04453
kegg_reaction: R04278 R04279 R04418 R04419
name:
--- 
- 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- 4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate-6-semialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase
- alpha-hydroxy-gamma-carboxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

comment:
The enzyme does not act on unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes or glucose; NAD+ can replace NADP+, but with lower affinity.

reaction:
4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate + NADPH + 2 H+ [RN:R04453]


entry: 1.2.1.46
sysname: formaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R00604]
iubmb_reaction: R00604
name:
--- 
- formaldehyde dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase


entry: 1.2.1.47
sysname: 4-trimethylammoniobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: 4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R03283]
iubmb_reaction: R03283
name:
--- 
- 4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
- 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
- 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase


entry: 1.2.1.48
sysname: long-chain-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: The best substrate is dodecylaldehyde.
reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = a long-chain carboxylate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R02039]
iubmb_reaction: R02039 > R01704
name:
--- 
- long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase
- long-chain aliphatic aldehyde dehydrogenase
- long-chain fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase
- fatty aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase


entry: 1.2.1.49
sysname: 2-oxoaldehyde:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase
comment: Not identical with EC 1.2.1.23 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+).
reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01338]
iubmb_reaction: R01338 > R00205
kegg_reaction: R02260
name:
--- 
- 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
- methylglyoxal dehydrogenase
- NADP-linked alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
- NADP-dependent alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
- 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.2.1.50
name: --- - long-chain-fatty-acyl-CoA reductase - acyl-CoA reductase - acyl coenzyme A reductase
sysname: long-chain-aldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (acyl-CoA-forming)
reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02620]
iubmb_reaction: R02620
comment:
Together with EC 6.2.1.19 long-chain-fatty-acid-luciferin-component ligase, forms a fatty acid reductase system that produces the substrate of EC 1.14.14.3 alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked), thus being part of the bacterial luciferase system.


entry: 1.2.1.51
name: --- - pyruvate dehydrogenase (NADP+) - pyruvate dehydrogenase (NADP)
sysname: pyruvate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NADP+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH [RN:R00210]
iubmb_reaction: R00210
kegg_reaction: R00209
comment:
The Euglena enzyme can also use FAD or methyl viologen as acceptor, more slowly. The enzyme is inhibited by oxygen.


entry: 1.2.1.54
sysname: 4-guanidinobutanal:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
reaction: 4-guanidinobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-guanidinobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R03177]
iubmb_reaction: R03177
name:
--- 
- gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
- alpha-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
- 4-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
- GBAL dehydrogenase

comment:
Involved in the degradation of arginine in Pseudomonas putida (cf. EC 1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.2.1.55
name: --- - Transferred to 1.1.1.279
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.1.1.279 (R)-3-hydroxyacid ester dehydrogenase. (EC 1.2.1.55 created 1990, deleted 2003)


entry: 1.2.1.56
name: --- - Transferred to 1.1.1.280
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.1.1.280 (S)-3-hydroxyacid ester dehydrogenase. (EC 1.2.1.56 created 1990, deleted 2003)


entry: 1.2.1.58
name: --- - phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating)
sysname: phenylglyoxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: phenylglyoxylate + NAD+ + CoA-SH = benzoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH [RN:R02450]
iubmb_reaction: R02450
comment:
requires thiamine diphosphate as cofactor. The enzyme from the denitrifying bacterium Azoarcus evansii is specific for phenylglyoxylate. 2-Oxoisovalerate is oxidised at 15% of the rate for phenylglyoxylate. Also reduces viologen dyes. Contains iron-sulfur centres and FAD.


entry: 1.2.1.59
sysname: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
iubmb_reaction: R01061 R01063
name:
--- 
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating)
- triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P))
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) (phosphorylating)

comment:
NAD+ and NADP+ can be used as cofactors with similar efficiency, unlike EC 1.2.1.12 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) and EC 1.2.1.13 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating), which are NAD+- and NADP+-dependent, respectively.

reaction:
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01061 R01063]


entry: 1.2.1.60
sysname: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Involved in the tyrosine degradation pathway in Arthrobacter sp.
iubmb_reaction: R04418
name:
--- 
- 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- carboxymethylhydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase

reaction:
5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R04418]


entry: 1.2.1.66
sysname: formaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (mycothiol-formylating)
comment: The S-formylmycothiol formed hydrolyses to mycothiol and formate.
reaction: formaldehyde + mycothiol + NAD+ = S-formylmycothiol + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R05307]
iubmb_reaction: R05307
name:
--- 
- mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
- NAD/factor-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase


entry: 1.2.1.69
name: --- - fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
sysname: fluoroacetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: fluoroacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = fluoroacetate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R07156]
iubmb_reaction: R07156
comment:
The enzyme from Streptomyces cattleya has a high affinity for fluoroacetate and glycolaldehyde but not for acetaldehyde.


entry: 1.2.1.70
name: --- - glutamyl-tRNA reductase
sysname: L-glutamate-semialdehyde: NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu)-forming)
reaction: L-glutamate 1-semialdehyde + NADP+ + tRNA(Glu) = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04109]
iubmb_reaction: R04109
comment:
This enzyme forms part of the pathway for the biosynthesis of 5-aminolevulinate from glutamate, known as the C5 pathway. The route shown in the diagram is used in most eubacteria, and in all archaebacteria, algae and plants. However, in the alpha-proteobacteria, EC 2.3.1.37, 5-aminolevulinate synthase, is used in an alternative route to produce the product 5-aminolevulinate from succinyl-CoA and glycine. This route is found in the mitochondria of fungi and animals, organelles that are considered to be derived from an endosymbiotic alpha-proteobacterium. Although higher plants do not possess EC 2.3.1.37, the protistan Euglena gracilis possesses both the C5 pathway and EC 2.3.1.37.


entry: 1.2.1.71
sysname: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05049
name:
--- 
- succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- succinylglutamic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- N-succinylglutamate 5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- SGSD
- AruD
- AstD

comment:
This is the fourth enzyme in the arginine succinyltransferase (AST) pathway for the catabolism of arginine [1]. This pathway converts the carbon skeleton of arginine into glutamate, with the concomitant production of ammonia and conversion of succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA. The five enzymes involved in this pathway are EC 2.3.1.109 (arginine N-succinyltransferase), EC 3.5.3.23 (N-succinylarginine dihydrolase), EC 2.6.1.11 (acetylornithine transaminase), EC 1.2.1.71 (succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) and EC 3.5.1.96 (succinylglutamate desuccinylase) [3,6].

reaction:
N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R05049]


entry: 1.2.1.72
sysname: D-erythrose 4-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = 4-phosphoerythronate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R01825]
iubmb_reaction: R01825
name:
--- 
- erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase
- erythrose 4-phosphate dehydrogenase
- E4PDH
- GapB
- Epd dehydrogenase
- E4P dehydrogenase

comment:
This enzyme was originally thought to be a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), but this has since been disproved, as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is not a substrate [1,2]. Forms part of the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate coenzyme biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli, along with EC 1.1.1.290 (4-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase), EC 2.6.1.52 (phosphoserine transaminase), EC 1.1.1.262 (4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase), EC 2.6.99.2 (pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase) and EC 1.4.3.5 (pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase).


entry: 1.2.1.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Salicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> Salicylate + NADH + H+ [RN:R02941]; (2) (R)-Mandelate + NAD+ <=> alpha-Oxo-benzeneacetic acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R03790]; (3) 5-(2'-Formylethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate + NAD+ + H2O <=> 5-(2'-Carboxyethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate + NADH + H+ [RN:R04916]; (4) 5-(2'-Formylethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate + NADP+ + H2O <=> 5-(2'-Carboxyethyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04917]; (5) 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> Phthalate + NADH + H+ [RN:R05643]; (6) 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoate + NADH + H+ [RN:R05649]; (7) Coniferyl aldehyde + H2O + NAD+ <=> Ferulate + NADH + H+ [RN:R05700]; (8) Coniferyl aldehyde + H2O + NADP+ <=> Ferulate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05701]; (9) (Z)-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O <=> cis-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R06407]; (10) trans-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O <=> trans-2-Methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R06408]; (11) N2-Acetyl-L-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate + NADPH + H+ <=> N2-Acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde + NADP+ + Orthophosphate [RN:R06843]; (12) 3-Methylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> 3-Methylsalicylate + NADH + H+ [RN:R06914]; (13) 1-Naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> 1-Naphthoic acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R06918]; (14) 2-Naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> 2-Naphthoic acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R06928]; (15) 4-Hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> 4-Hydroxymethylsalicylate + NADH + H+ [RN:R06935]; (16) Sulfoacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> Sulfoacetate + NADH + H+ [RN:R06980]; (17) gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraye + NADH + H+ [RN:R07417]; (18) gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O <=> gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraye + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07418]; (19) Sinapoyl aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> Sinapate + NADH + H+ [RN:R07441]; (20) Sinapoyl aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O <=> Sinapate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07442]


entry: 1.2.2.1
sysname: formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase
reaction: formate + ferricytochrome b1 = CO2 + ferrocytochrome b1 [RN:R03146]
iubmb_reaction: R03146
name:
--- 
- formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
- formate dehydrogenase
- formate:cytochrome b1 oxidoreductase


entry: 1.2.2.2
sysname: pyruvate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein requiring thiamine diphosphate.
reaction: pyruvate + ferricytochrome b1 + H2O = acetate + CO2 + ferrocytochrome b1 [RN:R03145]
iubmb_reaction: R03145
name:
--- 
- pyruvate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
- pyruvate dehydrogenase
- pyruvic dehydrogenase
- pyruvic (cytochrome b1) dehydrogenase
- pyruvate:ubiquinone-8-oxidoreductase
- pyruvate oxidase


entry: 1.2.2.4
sysname: carbon monoxide,water:cytochrome b-561 oxidoreductase
reaction: CO + H2O + 2 ferricytochrome b-561 = CO2 + 2 H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b-561 [RN:R04698]
iubmb_reaction: R04698
kegg_reaction: R00276
name:
--- 
- carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (cytochrome b-561)
- carbon monoxide oxidase
- carbon monoxide oxygenase (cytochrome b-561)
- carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase
- CO dehydrogenase
- carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase

comment:
Contains molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide, FAD and [2Fe-2S]-clusters. Oxygen, methylene blue and iodonitrotetrazolium chloride can act as nonphysiological electron acceptors.


entry: 1.2.3.1
name: --- - aldehyde oxidase - quinoline oxidase
sysname: aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylic acid + H2O2 [RN:R00635]
iubmb_reaction: R00635 > R02657 R04904
kegg_reaction: R01709 R02655 R03871 R04085
comment:
Contains molybdenum, [2Fe-2S] centres and FAD. Also oxidizes quinoline and pyridine derivatives. May be identical with EC 1.2.3.11, retinal oxidase.


entry: 1.2.3.3
name: --- - pyruvate oxidase - pyruvic oxidase - phosphate-dependent pyruvate oxidase
sysname: pyruvate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)
reaction: pyruvate + phosphate + O2 = acetyl phosphate + CO2 + H2O2 [RN:R00207]
iubmb_reaction: R00207
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD) requiring thiamine diphosphate. Two reducing equivalents are transferred from the resonant carbanion/enamine forms of 2-hydroxyethyl-thiamine-diphosphate to the adjacent flavin cofactor, yielding 2-acetyl-thiamine diphosphate (AcThDP) and reduced flavin. FADH2 is reoxidized by O2 to yield H2O2 and FAD and AcThDP is cleaved phosphorolytically to acetyl phosphate and thiamine diphosphate [2].


entry: 1.2.3.7
name: --- - indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase - indoleacetaldehyde oxidase
sysname: indole-3-acetaldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 indole-3-acetaldehyde + O2 + 2 H2O = 2 indole-3-acetate + H2O2 [RN:R02681]
iubmb_reaction: R02681
comment:
A hemoprotein. Also oxidizes indole-3-aldehyde and acetaldehyde, but more slowly. The enzyme from maize contains FAD, iron and molybdenum [4].


entry: 1.2.3.9
name: --- - aryl-aldehyde oxidase
sysname: aryl-aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + O2 + H2O = an aromatic carboxylic acid + H2O2 [RN:R01489]
iubmb_reaction: R01489
kegg_reaction: R05273
comment:
Acts on benzaldehyde, vanillin and a number of other aromatic aldehydes, but not on aliphatic aldehydes or sugars.


entry: 1.2.3.10
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: carbon-monoxide oxidase. Activity due to EC 1.2.2.4 carbon-monoxide oxygenase (cytochrome b-561). (EC 1.2.3.10 created 1990, deleted 2003)


entry: 1.2.3.12
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.13.82
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.13.82 vanillate monooxygenase. (EC 1.2.3.12 created 2000, deleted 2003)


entry: 1.2.3.14
name: --- - abscisic-aldehyde oxidase - abscisic aldehyde oxidase - AAO3 - AOd
sysname: abscisic-aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = abscisate + H2O2 [RN:R06957]
iubmb_reaction: R06957
comment:
Acts on both (+)- and (-)-abscisic aldehyde. Involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway in plants, along with EC 1.1.1.288, (xanthoxin dehydrogenase), EC 1.13.11.51 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) and EC 1.14.13.93 [(+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase]. While abscisic aldehyde is the best substrate, the enzyme also acts with indole-3-aldehyde, 1-naphthaldehyde and benzaldehyde as substrates, but more slowly [3].


entry: 1.2.3.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 2 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + Oxygen <=> 2 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate + 2 CO2 [RN:R00042]; (2) 3-Formylsalicylic acid + Oxygen + H2O <=> 2-Hydroxyisophthalic acid + H2O2 [RN:R06924]


entry: 1.2.4.1
iubmb_reaction: (other) R00014 R00209 R00210 R01699 R03270
kegg_reaction: R00014 R00209 R00210 R01699 R03270
name:
--- 
- pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)
- MtPDC (mitochondrial pyruvate dehydogenase complex)
- pyruvate decarboxylase
- pyruvate dehydrogenase
- pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)
- pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- pyruvate:lipoamide 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-acetylating)
- pyruvic acid dehydrogenase
- pyruvic dehydrogenase

sysname:
pyruvate:[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase]-lipoyllysine 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-acetylating)

comment:
Contains thiamine diphosphate. It is a component (in multiple copies) of the multienzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in which it is bound to a core of molecules of EC 2.3.1.12, dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase, which also binds multiple copies of EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. It does not act on free lipoamide or lipoyllysine, but only on the lipoyllysine residue in EC 2.3.1.12.

reaction:
pyruvate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2


entry: 1.2.4.2
iubmb_reaction: (other) R00621 R01700 R01933 R01940 R03316
kegg_reaction: R00621 R01700 R01933 R01940 R03316
name:
--- 
- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring)
- 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
- 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
- "2-oxoglutarate: lipoate oxidoreductase"
- 2-oxoglutarate:lipoamide 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-succinylating)
- alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
- alphaketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase
- alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
- AKGDH
- OGDC
- ketoglutaric dehydrogenase
- oxoglutarate decarboxylase
- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)

sysname:
2-oxoglutarate:[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase]-lipoyllysine 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-succinylating)

comment:
Contains thiamine diphosphate. It is a component of the multienzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in which multiple copies of it are bound to a core of molecules of EC 2.3.1.61, dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase, which also binds multiple copies of EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. It does not act on free lipoamide or lipoyllysine, but only on the lipoyllysine residue in EC 2.3.1.61.

reaction:
2-oxoglutarate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] S-succinyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2


entry: 1.2.4.3
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: 2-oxoisocaproate dehydrogenase. Now included with EC 1.2.4.4 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (EC 1.2.4.3 created 1972, deleted 1978)


entry: 1.2.4.4
iubmb_reaction: (other) R01701 R01702 R04225
kegg_reaction: R01701 R01702 R04225
name:
--- 
- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring)
- 2-oxoisocaproate dehydrogenase
- 2-oxoisovalerate (lipoate) dehydrogenase
- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)
- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate:lipoamide oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-2-methylpropanoylating)
- alpha-keto-alpha-methylvalerate dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketoisocaproate dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketoisocaproic dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketoisocaproic-alpha-keto-alpha-methylvaleric dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketoisovalerate dehydrogenase
- alpha-oxoisocaproate dehydrogenase
- BCKDH
- BCOAD
- branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase
- branched-chain (-2-oxoacid) dehydrogenase (BCD)
- branched-chain 2-keto acid dehydrogenase
- branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase
- branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase
- branched-chain alpha-oxo acid dehydrogenase
- branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase
- branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, 2-oxoisovalerate (lipoate)
- dehydrogenase, branched chain alpha-keto acid

sysname:
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate:[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase]-lipoyllysine 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-2-methylpropanoylating)

comment:
Contains thiamine diphosphate. It acts not only on 3-methyl-2-oxobutanaoate, but also on 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, so that it acts on the 2-oxo acids that derive from the action of transaminases on valine, leucine and isoleucine. It is a component of the multienzyme 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase complex in which multiple copies of it are bound to a core of molecules of EC 2.3.1.168, dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase, which also binds multiple copies of EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. It does not act on free lipoamide or lipoyllysine, but only on the lipoyllysine residue in EC 2.3.1.168.

reaction:
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + CO2


entry: 1.2.7.1
sysname: pyruvate:ferredoxin 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)
reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R01196]
iubmb_reaction: R01196
kegg_reaction: R01199
name:
--- 
- pyruvate synthase
- pyruvate oxidoreductase
- pyruvate synthetase
- pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- pyruvic-ferredoxin oxidoreductase

comment:
Contains thiamine diphosphate and [4Fe-4S] clusters. This enzyme is one of four 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases that are differentiated by their abilities to oxidatively decarboxylate different 2-oxoacids and form their CoA derivatives [see also EC 1.2.7.3, 2-oxoglutarate synthase, EC 1.2.7.7, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) and EC 1.2.7.8, indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase]


entry: 1.2.7.2
sysname: 2-oxobutanoate:ferredoxin 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-propionylating)
reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R01199]
iubmb_reaction: R01199
name:
--- 
- 2-oxobutyrate synthase
- alpha-ketobutyrate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- 2-ketobutyrate synthase
- alpha-ketobutyrate synthase
- 2-oxobutyrate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase


entry: 1.2.7.3
sysname: 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R01197
name:
--- 
- 2-oxoglutarate synthase
- 2-ketoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- KGOR
- 2-oxoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin 2-oxidoreductase (CoA-succinylating)

comment:
This enzyme is one of four 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases that are differentiated by their abilities to oxidatively decarboxylate different 2-oxoacids and form their CoA derivatives (see also EC 1.2.7.1, pyruvate synthase, EC 1.2.7.7, , 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) and EC 1.2.7.8, indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase) [3]. Contains thiamine diphosphate and 2 [4Fe-4S] clusters. Highly specific for 2-oxoglutarate.

reaction:
2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin [RN:R01197]


entry: 1.2.7.4
name: --- - carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)
sysname: carbon-monoxide,water:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R07157]
iubmb_reaction: R07157
comment:
Contains nickel, zinc and non-heme iron. Methyl viologen can act as acceptor. The enzyme from Moorella thermoacetica exists as a complex with EC 2.3.1.169, CO-methylating acetyl CoA synthase, which catalyses the overall reaction: methylcorrinoid protein + CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin = acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin.


entry: 1.2.7.5
name: --- - aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase - AOR
sysname: aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = an acid + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin [RN:R07158]
iubmb_reaction: R07158
comment:
This is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme that contains tungsten-molybdopterin and iron-sulfur clusters. Catalyses the oxidation of aldehydes (including crotonaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and glyceraldehyde) to their corresponding acids. However, it does not oxidize glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate [see EC 1.2.7.6, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)]. Can use ferredoxin or methyl viologen but not NAD(P)+ as electron acceptor.


entry: 1.2.7.6
sysname: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R07159
name:
--- 
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)
- GAPOR
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Fd oxidoreductase
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin reductase

comment:
Contains tungsten-molybdopterin and iron-sulfur clusters. This enzyme is thought to function in place of glyceralde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and possibly phosphoglycerate kinase in the novel Embden-Meyerhof-type glycolytic pathway found in Pyrococcus furiosus [1]. It is specific for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

reaction:
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin [RN:R07159]


entry: 1.2.7.7
sysname: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (decarboxylating; CoA-2-methylpropanoylating)
iubmb_reaction: R07160
name:
--- 
- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)
- 2-ketoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase
- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate synthase (ferredoxin)
- VOR
- branched-chain ketoacid ferredoxin reductase
- branched-chain oxo acid ferredoxin reductase
- keto-valine-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- ketoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase
- 2-oxoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase

comment:
This enzyme is one of four 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases that are differentiated by their abilities to oxidatively decarboxylate different 2-oxoacids and form their CoA derivatives (see also EC 1.2.7.1, pyruvate synthase; EC 1.2.7.3, 2-oxoglutarate synthase and EC 1.2.7.8, indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase). It is CoA-dependent and contains thiamine diphosphate and iron-sulfur clusters. Preferentially utilizes 2-oxo-acid derivatives of branched chain amino acids, e.g. 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate, 2-oxobutyrate and 3-methylthiopropanamine.

reaction:
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R07160]


entry: 1.2.7.8
sysname: 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, CoA-indole-acetylating)
iubmb_reaction: R07161
name:
--- 
- indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate synthase (ferredoxin)
- IOR

comment:
This enzyme, which is found in archaea, is one of four 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases that are differentiated by their abilities to oxidatively decarboxylate different 2-oxoacids and form their CoA derivatives (see also EC 1.2.7.1, pyruvate synthase, EC 1.2.7.3, 2-oxoglutarate synthase and EC 1.2.7.7, 2-oxoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase) [4]. Contains thiamine diphosphate and [4Fe-4S] clusters. Preferentially utilizes the transaminated forms of aromatic amino acids and can use phenylpyruvate and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate as substrates.

reaction:
(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R07161]


entry: 1.2.7.9
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: This enzyme is identical to EC 1.2.7.3, 2-oxoglutarate synthase (EC 1.2.7.9 created 2003, deleted 2005)


entry: 1.2.99.1
name: --- - Transferred to 1.17.99.4
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.17.99.4, uracil/thymine dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.99.1 created 1961, deleted 1984)


entry: 1.2.99.2
sysname: carbon-monoxide:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: CO + H2O + A = CO2 + AH2 [RN:R00296]
iubmb_reaction: R00296
kegg_reaction: R05073
name:
--- 
- carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- anaerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
- carbon monoxide oxygenase
- carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase
- carbon-monoxide:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
Contains a [Ni3Fe-4S] cluster and [4Fe-4S] clusters. It uses many electron acceptors, including ferredoxin, methyl viologen and benzyl viologen and flavins, but not pyridine nucleotides. Forms part of a membrane-bound multienzyme complex with EC 1.12.99.6, hydrogenase (acceptor), which catalyses the overall reaction: CO + H2O = CO2 + H2.


entry: 1.2.99.3
name: --- - aldehyde dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone) - aldehyde dehydrogenase (acceptor)
sysname: aldehyde:(pyrroloquinoline-quinone) oxidoreductase
reaction: an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00544]
iubmb_reaction: R00544 > R00638 R01019 R03535 R05120
comment:
A quinoprotein. Wide specificity; acts on straight-chain aldehydes up to C10, aromatic aldehydes, glyoxylate and glyceraldehyde.


entry: 1.2.99.4
name: --- - formaldehyde dismutase - aldehyde dismutase - cannizzanase
sysname: formaldehyde:formaldehyde oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 formaldehyde = formate + methanol [RN:R00614]
iubmb_reaction: R00614
comment:
Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde can act as donors; formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal can act as acceptors.


entry: 1.2.99.5
name: --- - formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase - formylmethanofuran:(acceptor) oxidoreductase
sysname: formylmethanofuran:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: formylmethanofuran + H2O + acceptor = CO2 + methanofuran + reduced acceptor [RN:R03015]
iubmb_reaction: R03015
comment:
A molybdoprotein containing a pterin cofactor. Methyl viologen can act as acceptor. Also oxidizes N-furfurylformamide.


entry: 1.2.99.6
name: --- - carboxylate reductase - aldehyde:(acceptor) oxidoreductase
sysname: aldehyde:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00544]
iubmb_reaction: R00544 > R00326
comment:
A tungsten protein. Methyl viologen can act as acceptor. In the reverse direction, non-activated acids are reduced by reduced viologens to aldehydes, but not to the corresponding alcohols.


entry: 1.2.99.7
sysname: aldehyde:acceptor oxidoreductase (FAD-independent)
reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + acceptor = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00544]
iubmb_reaction: R00544
name:
--- 
- aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent)
- aldehyde oxidase
- aldehyde oxidoreductase
- Mop
- AORDd

comment:
Belongs to the xanthine oxidase family of enzymes. The enzyme from Desulfovibrio sp. contains a molybdenum-molybdopterin-cytosine dinucleotide (MCD) complex and two types of [2Fe-2S] cluster per monomer, but does not contain FAD.


entry: 1.2.99.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 3-Chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O <=> trans-3-Chloroacrylic acid + 2 H+ [RN:R05237]; (2) 3-Chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O <=> cis-3-Chloroacrylic acid + 2 H+ [RN:R05238]


entry: 1.2.-.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 4-Chlorobenzoate <=> 4-Chlorobenzaldehyde + H2O [RN:R05252]; (2) Myrtenal + H2O + Acceptor <=> Myrtenic acid + Reduced acceptor [RN:R06403]


entry: 1.3.1.1
sysname: 5,6-dihydrouracil:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NAD+ = uracil + NADH + H+ [RN:R00977]
iubmb_reaction: R00977
kegg_reaction: R01414
name:
--- 
- dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- dehydrogenase, dihydrouracil
- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
- dihydrothymine dehydrogenase
- pyrimidine reductase
- thymine reductase
- uracil reductase
- dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD)


entry: 1.3.1.2
sysname: 5,6-dihydrouracil:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on dihydrothymine.
reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00978]
iubmb_reaction: R00978
kegg_reaction: R01415
name:
--- 
- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- dihydrothymine dehydrogenase
- dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NADP)
- "4,5-dihydrothymine: oxidoreductase"
- DPD
- DHPDH
- dehydrogenase, dihydrouracil (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- DHU dehydrogenase
- hydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.3.1.3
sysname: 5beta-cholestan-3-one:NADP+ 4,5-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R02609 R02893
kegg_reaction: R02219 R02841 R03713 R04817 R04823
name:
--- 
- delta4-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase
- 3-oxo-delta4-steroid 5beta-reductase
- 5beta-reductase
- androstenedione 5beta-reductase
- cholestenone 5beta-reductase
- cortisone 5beta-reductase
- cortisone beta-reductase
- cortisone delta4-5beta-reductase
- steroid 5beta-reductase
- testosterone 5beta-reductase
- delta4-3-ketosteroid 5beta-reductase
- delta4-5beta-reductase
- delta4-hydrogenase
- 4,5beta-dihydrocortisone:NADP+ delta4-oxidoreductase
- 3-oxo-5beta-steroid:NADP+ delta4-oxidoreductase

comment:
The enzyme from human efficiently catalyses the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone to 5beta-reduced metabolites; it can also act on aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol, but to a lesser extent [8]. The bile acid intermediates 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one can also act as substrates [9].

reaction:
(1) 5beta-cholestan-3-one + NADP+ = cholest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02609]; (2) 17,21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione + NADP+ = cortisone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02893]


entry: 1.3.1.4
sysname: 4,5alpha-dihydrocortisone:NADP+ delta4-oxidoreductase
reaction: 4,5alpha-dihydrocortisone + NADP+ = cortisone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02892]
iubmb_reaction: R02892
name:
--- 
- cortisone alpha-reductase
- cortisone delta4-5alpha-reductase
- microsomal steroid reductase (5alpha)
- delta4-3-ketosteroid reductase (5alpha)
- delta4-3-oxosteroid-5alpha-reductase
- NADPH:delta4-3-oxosteroid-5alpha-oxidoreductase
- delta4-5alpha-reductase


entry: 1.3.1.6
sysname: succinate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: succinate + NAD+ = fumarate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00402]
iubmb_reaction: R00402
name:
--- 
- fumarate reductase (NADH)
- NADH-fumarate reductase
- NADH-dependent fumarate reductase
- fumarate reductase (NADH2)


entry: 1.3.1.8
sysname: acyl-CoA:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00385]
iubmb_reaction: R00385
name:
--- 
- acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- 2-enoyl-CoA reductase
- dehydrogenase, acyl coenzyme A (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- enoyl coenzyme A reductase
- crotonyl coenzyme A reductase
- crotonyl-CoA reductase
- acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP)

comment:
The liver enzyme acts on enoyl-CoA derivatives of carbon chain length 4 to 16, with optimum activity on 2-hexenoyl-CoA. In Escherichia coli, cis-specific and trans-specific enzymes exist [EC 1.3.1.37 cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) and EC 1.3.1.38 trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)].


entry: 1.3.1.9
sysname: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:NAD+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R01403 > R04724 R04955 R04958 R04961 R04966 R04969
kegg_reaction: R04429
name:
--- 
- enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)
- enoyl-[acyl carrier protein] reductase
- enoyl-ACP reductase
- NADH-enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase
- NADH-specific enoyl-ACP reductase
- enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH2)

comment:
Catalyses the reduction of enoyl-acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] derivatives of carbon chain length from 4 to 16.

reaction:
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+ [RN:R01403]


entry: 1.3.1.10
sysname: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:NADP+ oxidoreductase (B-specific)
iubmb_reaction: R01404 > R04725 R04956 R04959 R04962 R04967 R04970
kegg_reaction: R04430
name:
--- 
- enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific)
- acyl-ACP dehydrogenase
- reductase, enoyl-[acyl carrier protein] (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- NADPH 2-enoyl Co A reductase
- enoyl acyl-carrier-protein reductase
- enoyl-ACP reductase
- enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH2, B-specific)

comment:
Catalyses the reduction of enoyl-acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] derivatives of carbon chain length from 4 to 16. The yeast and Escherichia coli enzymes are B-specific with respect to NADP+ (cf. EC 1.3.1.19 cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase).

reaction:
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01404]


entry: 1.3.1.12
sysname: prephenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: prephenate + NAD+ = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + CO2 + NADH [RN:R01728]
iubmb_reaction: R01728
name:
--- 
- prephenate dehydrogenase
- hydroxyphenylpyruvate synthase
- chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase

comment:
This enzyme in the enteric bacteria also possesses chorismate mutase activity (EC 5.4.99.5 chorismate mutase) and converts chorismate into prephenate.


entry: 1.3.1.13
sysname: prephenate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: prephenate + NADP+ = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + CO2 + NADPH [RN:R01730]
iubmb_reaction: R01730
name:
--- 
- prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- prephenate dehydrogenase
- prephenate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase
- prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.3.1.15
sysname: (S)-dihydroorotate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein.
reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NADP+ = orotate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01866]
iubmb_reaction: R01866
name:
--- 
- orotate reductase (NADPH)
- orotate reductase
- dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
- dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase
- L-5,6-dihydro-orotate:NAD oxidoreductase
- orotate reductase (NADPH2)


entry: 1.3.1.17
name: --- - 3-methyleneoxindole reductase - 3-methyloxindole:NADP+ oxidoreductase
sysname: 3-methyl-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03930
reaction:
3-methyl-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one + NADP+ = 3-methylene-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03930]


entry: 1.3.1.18
sysname: 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + NAD+ = 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + NADH + H+ [RN:R03251]
iubmb_reaction: R03251
name:
--- 
- kynurenate-7,8-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
- 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate dehydrogenase
- 7,8-dihydroxykynurenic acid 7,8-diol dehydrogenase


entry: 1.3.1.19
sysname: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = catechol + NADH + H+ [RN:R00812]
iubmb_reaction: R00812
kegg_reaction: R04088 R05354 R06832 R06857
name:
--- 
- cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase
- cis-benzene glycol dehydrogenase
- cis-1,2-dihydrocyclohexa-3,5-diene (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidoreductase


entry: 1.3.1.22
sysname: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid:NADP+ delta4-oxidoreductase
reaction: 5alpha-cholestan-3-one + NADP+ = cholest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02610]
iubmb_reaction: R02610
name:
--- 
- cholestenone 5alpha-reductase
- testosterone delta4-5alpha-reductase
- steroid 5alpha-reductase
- 3-oxosteroid delta4-dehydrogenase
- 5alpha-reductase
- steroid 5alpha-hydrogenase
- 3-oxosteroid 5alpha-reductase
- testosterone delta4-hydrogenase
- 4-ene-3-oxosteroid 5alpha-reductase
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:delta4-3-ketosteroid 5alpha-oxidoreductase
- 4-ene-5alpha-reductase
- delta4-3-ketosteroid 5alpha-oxidoreductase
- cholest-4-en-3-one 5alpha-reductase
- testosterone 5alpha-reductase


entry: 1.3.1.23
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: cholestenone beta-reductase. The enzyme is identical to EC 1.3.1.3, delta4-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase. (EC 1.3.1.23 created 1972, deleted 2005)


entry: 1.3.1.25
sysname: (1R,6R)-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R00813
kegg_reaction: R00820
name:
--- 
- 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
- 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
- 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase
- dihydrodihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase
- DHBDH
- cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
- 2-hydro-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase
- cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

reaction:
(1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = catechol + CO2 + NADH + H+ [RN:R00813]


entry: 1.3.1.26
sysname: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04198 R04199
name:
--- 
- dihydrodipicolinate reductase
- dihydrodipicolinic acid reductase
- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase

reaction:
(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 2,3-dihydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R04198 R04199]


entry: 1.3.1.27
name: --- - 2-hexadecenal reductase - 2-alkenal reductase - "hexadecanal: NADP+ oxidoreductase"
sysname: hexadecanal:NADP+ delta2-oxidoreductase
reaction: hexadecanal + NADP+ = 2-trans-hexadecenal + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02463]
iubmb_reaction: R02463
comment:
Specific for long chain 2-trans- and 2-cis-alkenals, with chain length optimum around 14 to 16 carbon atoms.


entry: 1.3.1.29
sysname: cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol:NAD+ 1,2-oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts, at half the rate, on cis-anthracene dihydrodiol and cis-phenanthrene dihydrodiol.
reaction: cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = naphthalene-1,2-diol + NADH + H+ [RN:R04115]
iubmb_reaction: R04115
kegg_reaction: R06910 R06931
name:
--- 
- cis-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dehydrogenase
- (+)-cis-naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
- naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
- cis-dihydrodiol naphthalene dehydrogenase


entry: 1.3.1.30
sysname: 5alpha-pregnan-3,20-dione:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase
comment: Testosterone and 20alpha-hydroxy-4-pregn-3-one can act in place of progesterone.
reaction: 5alpha-pregnan-3,20-dione + NADP+ = progesterone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02208]
iubmb_reaction: R02208
name:
--- 
- progesterone 5alpha-reductase
- steroid 5-alpha-reductase
- delta4-steroid 5alpha-reductase (progesterone)


entry: 1.3.1.31
name: --- - 2-enoate reductase - enoate reductase
sysname: butanoate:NAD+ delta2-oxidoreductase
reaction: butanoate + NAD+ = 2-butenoate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01689]
iubmb_reaction: R01689
kegg_reaction: R02252
comment:
An iron-sulfur-flavoprotein (FAD). Acts (in the reverse direction) on a wide range of alkyl and aryl alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylate ions; 2-butenoate was the best substrate tested.


entry: 1.3.1.33
sysname: chlorophyllide-a:NADP+ 7,8-oxidoreductase
reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = protochlorophyllide + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03845]
iubmb_reaction: R03845
kegg_reaction: R06286
name:
--- 
- protochlorophyllide reductase
- NADPH2-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase
- NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase
- NADPH-protochlorophyllide reductase
- protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase
- protochlorophyllide photooxidoreductase

comment:
The enzyme catalyses a light-dependent trans-reduction of the D-ring of protochlorophyllide; the product has the (7S,8S)-configuration.


entry: 1.3.1.34
sysname: trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
comment: Best substrates for reduction contain a 2,4-diene structure with a chain-length of 8 or 10
iubmb_reaction: R04319
name:
--- 
- 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
- 4-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH2)
- 4-enoyl coenzyme A (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- 4-enoyl-CoA reductase
- 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH2)

reaction:
trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans,trans-2,3,4,5-tetradehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04319]


entry: 1.3.1.35
sysname: 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:NAD+ delta12-oxidoreductase
comment: Also desaturates phosphatidylcholine containing the oleoyl group on O-2 of the glycerol residue.
iubmb_reaction: R03475
name:
--- 
- phosphatidylcholine desaturase
- oleate desaturase
- linoleate synthase
- oleoyl-CoA desaturase
- oleoylphosphatidylcholine desaturase

reaction:
1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + NAD+ = 1-acyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + NADH + H+ [RN:R03475]


entry: 1.3.1.37
sysname: acyl-CoA:NADP+ cis-2-oxidoreductase
reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = cis-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00387]
iubmb_reaction: R00387
name:
--- 
- cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
- NADPH-dependent cis-enoyl-CoA reductase
- reductase, cis-2-enoyl coenzyme A
- cis-2-enoyl-coenzyme A reductase
- cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH2)

comment:
Not identical with EC 1.3.1.38 trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) [cf. EC 1.3.1.8 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+)].


entry: 1.3.1.38
sysname: acyl-CoA:NADP+ trans-2-oxidoreductase
reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ [RN:R07162]
iubmb_reaction: R07162 > R01278 R03776 R03856 R03989 R04753 R06985
name:
--- 
- trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
- NADPH-dependent trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase
- reductase, trans-enoyl coenzyme A
- trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH2)

comment:
Not identical with EC 1.3.1.37 cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) [cf. EC 1.3.1.8 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+)].


entry: 1.3.1.39
sysname: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:NADP+ oxidoreductase (A-specific)
iubmb_reaction: R01404
name:
--- 
- enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, A-specific)
- acyl-ACP dehydrogenase
- enoyl-[acyl carrier protein] (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- NADPH 2-enoyl Co A reductase
- enoyl-ACp reductase
- enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH2, A-specific)

comment:
The liver enzyme is A-specific with respect to NADP+ [cf. EC 1.3.1.10 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific)].

reaction:
acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01404]


entry: 1.3.1.40
sysname: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate:NADP+ delta2-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03463
name:
--- 
- 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate reductase
- 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase

comment:
Broad specificity; reduces a number of compounds produced by Pseudomonas from aromatic hydrocarbons by ring fission.

reaction:
2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03463]


entry: 1.3.1.42
name: --- - 12-oxophytodienoate reductase - 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase
sysname: 8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-enyl}cyclopentyl]octanoate:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase
comment: Involved in the conversion of linolenate into jasmonate in Zea mays.
iubmb_reaction: R03401
reaction:
8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-enyl}cyclopentyl]octanoate + NADP+ = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03401]


entry: 1.3.1.43
sysname: L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: L-arogenate + NAD+ = L-tyrosine + NADH + CO2 [RN:R00732]
iubmb_reaction: R00732
kegg_reaction: R00733 R01728 R01730
name:
--- 
- arogenate dehydrogenase
- arogenic dehydrogenase (ambiguous)
- cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase
- pretyrosine dehydrogenase (ambiguous)
- L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

comment:
See also EC 1.3.1.12 (prephenate dehydrogenase), EC 1.3.1.78 [arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] and EC 1.3.1.79 (arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]).


entry: 1.3.1.44
name: --- - trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+) - trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD)
sysname: acyl-CoA:NAD+ trans-2-oxidoreductase
reaction: acyl-CoA + NAD+ = trans-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R00384]
iubmb_reaction: R00384 > R01171
comment:
The enzyme from Euglena gracilis acts on crotonoyl-CoA and, more slowly, on trans-hex-2-enoyl-CoA and trans-oct-2-enoyl-CoA.


entry: 1.3.1.45
sysname: vestitone:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: vestitone + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADPH + H+ [RN:R06562]
iubmb_reaction: R06562
kegg_reaction: R06563
name:
--- 
- 2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase
- NADPH:2'-hydroxyisoflavone oxidoreductase
- isoflavone reductase
- 2',7-dihydroxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavone reductase

comment:
In the reverse reaction, a 2'-hydroxyisoflavone is reduced to an isoflavanone; 2'-hydroxypseudobaptigenin also acts. Involved in the biosynthesis of the pterocarpin phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain.


entry: 1.3.1.48
sysname: (5Z)-(15S)-11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate:NAD(P)+ delta13-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04556 R04557
name:
--- 
- 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase
- 15-oxo-delta13-prostaglandin reductase
- delta13-15-ketoprostaglandin reductase
- 15-ketoprostaglandin delta13-reductase
- prostaglandin delta13-reductase
- prostaglandin 13-reductase

comment:
Reduces 15-oxoprostaglandins to 13,14-dihydro derivatives. The enzyme from placenta is specific for NAD+.

reaction:
(5Z)-(15S)-11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate + NAD(P)+ = (5Z)-(15S)-11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprosta-13-enoate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R04556 R04557]


entry: 1.3.1.50
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase. Now EC 1.1.1.252 tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase (EC 1.3.1.50 created 1992, deleted 1999)


entry: 1.3.1.51
sysname: 2'-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrodaidzein:NADP+ 2'-oxidoreductase
reaction: 2'-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrodaidzein + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03962]
iubmb_reaction: R03962
name:
--- 
- 2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase
- NADPH:2'-hydroxydaidzein oxidoreductase
- HDR
- 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein:NADP+ 2'-oxidoreductase

comment:
In the reverse reaction, the 2'-hydroxyisoflavone (2'-hydroxydaidzein) is reduced to an isoflavanone. Also acts on 2'-hydroxyformononetin and to a small extent on 2'-hydroxygenistein. Involved in the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin glyceollin. The isoflavones biochanin A, daidzein and genestein as well as the flavonoids apigenin, kaempferol and quercetin do not act as substrates.


entry: 1.3.1.52
name: --- - 2-methyl-branched-chain-enoyl-CoA reductase
sysname: 2-methyl-branched-chain-acyl-CoA:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA + NADH + H+ [RN:R03169]
iubmb_reaction: R03169
kegg_reaction: R01728
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD) from Ascaris suum. The reaction proceeds only in the presence of another flavoprotein ('electron-transferring flavoprotein').


entry: 1.3.1.53
sysname: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: requires Fe(II).
iubmb_reaction: R01633
name:
--- 
- (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase
- (1R,2S)-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase

reaction:
(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2 + NADH [RN:R01633]


entry: 1.3.1.55
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase. Enzyme is identical to EC 1.3.1.25, 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.55 created 1999, deleted 2004)


entry: 1.3.1.56
sysname: cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Catalyses the second step in the biphenyl degradation pathway in bacteria.
reaction: cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = biphenyl-2,3-diol + NADH + H+ [RN:R05239]
iubmb_reaction: R05239
kegg_reaction: R05241
name:
--- 
- cis-2,3-dihydrobiphenyl-2,3-diol dehydrogenase
- 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dehydrogenase


entry: 1.3.1.58
name: --- - 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate dehydrogenase
sysname: cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Involved in the p-cymene degradation pathway in Pseudomonas putida.
iubmb_reaction: R05240
reaction:
cis-5,6-dihydroxy-4-isopropylcyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylate + NAD+ = 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + NADH + H+ [RN:R05240]


entry: 1.3.1.59
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: 1,2-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-dihydrobenzoate dehydrogenase. No evidence the paper cited that the enzyme exists (EC 1.3.1.59 created 2000, deleted 2006)


entry: 1.3.1.60
name: --- - dibenzothiophene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
sysname: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Involved in the dibenzothiophene degradation pathway in bacteria.
iubmb_reaction: R05310
reaction:
cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + NADH + H+ [RN:R05310]


entry: 1.3.1.61
name: --- - terephthalate 1,2-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
sysname: cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1(6),2-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
comment: Involved in the terephthalate degradation pathway in bacteria.
iubmb_reaction: R01633
reaction:
cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1(6),2-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2 + NADH [RN:R01633]


entry: 1.3.1.63
name: --- - 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA reductase
sysname: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA:NADP+ oxidoreductase (halogenating)
reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADP+ + HCl = 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05276]
iubmb_reaction: R05276
comment:
Acts in the reverse direction to form part of the 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation pathway in bacteria.


entry: 1.3.1.64
name: --- - phthalate 4,5-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
sysname: cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1(6),2-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Involved in the phthalate degradation pathway in bacteria.
iubmb_reaction: R05275
reaction:
cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-1(6),2-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate + NADH + H+ [RN:R05275]


entry: 1.3.1.65
name: --- - 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase
sysname: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydroquinoline:NAD+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05312
comment:
Acts in the reverse direction to form part of the 3-methylquinoline degradation pathway in bacteria.

reaction:
5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydroquinoline + NAD+ = 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + NADH + H+ [RN:R05312]


entry: 1.3.1.67
name: --- - cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
comment: Involved in the p-xylene degradation pathway in bacteria.
iubmb_reaction: R05292 R05293
sysname:
cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

reaction:
cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4-methylcatechol + NAD(P)H + CO2 [RN:R05292 R05293]


entry: 1.3.1.68
name: --- - 1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate dehydrogenase
sysname: 1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
comment: Involved in the o-xylene degradation pathway in bacteria.
iubmb_reaction: R05314
reaction:
1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate + NAD+ = 3-methylcatechol + NADH + CO2 [RN:R05314]


entry: 1.3.1.70
name: --- - delta14-sterol reductase
sysname: 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol:NADP+ delta14-oxidoreductase
comment: This enzyme acts on a range of steroids with a 14(15)-double bond.
iubmb_reaction: R05639
kegg_reaction: R03690
reaction:
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05639]


entry: 1.3.1.71
sysname: ergosterol:NADP+ delta24(24(1))-oxidoreductase
comment: Acts on a range of steroids with a 24(24(1))-double bond.
reaction: ergosterol + NADP+ = ergosta-5,7,22,24(24(1))-tetraen-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05641]
iubmb_reaction: R05641
kegg_reaction: R03676
name:
--- 
- delta24(24(1))-sterol reductase
- sterol delta24(28)-methylene reductase
- sterol delta24(28)-reductase


entry: 1.3.1.72
name: --- - delta24-sterol reductase - lanosterol delta24-reductase
sysname: sterol:NADP+ delta24-oxidoreductase
reaction: 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05703]
iubmb_reaction: R05703
comment:
Acts on a range of steroids with a 24(25)-double bond, including lanosterol, desmosterol and zymosterol.


entry: 1.3.1.74
sysname: n-alkanal:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ = alk-2-enal + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R07349 R07350]
iubmb_reaction: R07349 R07350
name:
--- 
- 2-alkenal reductase
- NAD(P)H-dependent alkenal/one oxidoreductase
- NADPH:2-alkenal alpha,beta-hydrogenase

comment:
Highly specific for 4-hydroxynon-2-enal and non-2-enal. 2-Alkenals of shorter chain have lower affinities. Exhibits high activities also for 2-alkenones such as but-3-en-2-one and pent-3-en-2-one. Inactive with cyclohex-2-en-1-one and 12-oxophytodienoic acid. Involved in the detoxication of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.


entry: 1.3.1.75
name: --- - divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase - "[4-vinyl]chlorophyllide a reductase" - 4VCR
sysname: chlorophyllide-a:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = divinyl chlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+ [RN:R06272]
iubmb_reaction: R06272
kegg_reaction: R06896
comment:
Also reduces divinyl protochlorophyllide to protochlorophyllide in some species, providing an alternative pathway.


entry: 1.3.1.76
name: --- - precorrin-2 dehydrogenase - Met8p - SirC - CysG
sysname: precorrin-2:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: precorrin-2 + NAD+ = sirohydrochlorin + NADH + H+ [RN:R03947]
iubmb_reaction: R03947
comment:
This enzyme catalyses the second of three steps leading to the formation of siroheme from uroporphyrinogen III. The first step involves the donation of two S-adenosyl-L-methionine-derived methyl groups to carbons 2 and 7 of uroporphyrinogen III to form precorrin-2 (EC 2.1.1.107, uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase) and the third step involves the chelation of ferrous iron to sirohydrochlorin to form siroheme (EC 4.99.1.4, sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the last two steps are carried out by a single bifunctional enzyme, Met8p. In some bacteria, steps 1-3 are catalysed by a single multifunctional protein called CysG, whereas in Bacillus megaterium, three separate enzymes carry out each of the steps, with SirC being responsible for the above reaction.


entry: 1.3.1.77
name: --- - anthocyanidin reductase - AtANR - MtANR
sysname: flavan-3-ol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: a flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+ = an anthocyanidin + 2 NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R07351 R07352]
iubmb_reaction: R07352 > R06541 R06542 R06543; R07351
comment:
Forms 2,3-cis-flavan-3-ols. The isomeric 2,3-trans-flavan-3-ols are formed from flavan-3,4-diols by EC 1.17.1.3 leucoanthocyanidin reductase. While the enzyme from the legume Medicago truncatula (MtANR) uses both NADPH and NADH as reductant, that from the crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana (AtANR) uses only NADPH. Also, while the substrate preference of MtANR is cyanidin>pelargonidin>delphinidin, the reverse preference is found with AtANR.


entry: 1.3.1.78
sysname: L-arogenate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: L-arogenate + NADP+ = L-tyrosine + NADPH + CO2 [RN:R00733]
iubmb_reaction: R00733
name:
--- 
- arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- arogenic dehydrogenase (ambiguous)
- pretyrosine dehydrogenase (ambiguous)
- TyrAAT1
- TyrAAT2
- TyrA(a)

comment:
Unlike EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) and EC 1.3.1.79 [arogenate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)], this enzyme has a strict requirement for NADP+. The enzyme from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the isoform TyrAAT1 cannot use prephenate as a substrate, while the isoform TyrAAT2 can use it only very poorly [3,4].


entry: 1.3.1.79
sysname: L-arogenate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
reaction: L-arogenate + NAD(P)+ = L-tyrosine + NAD(P)H + CO2 [RN:R00732 R00733]
iubmb_reaction: R00732 R00733
name:
--- 
- arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
- arogenic dehydrogenase (ambiguous)
- cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase
- pretyrosine dehydrogenase (ambiguous)

comment:
See also EC 1.3.1.12 (prephenate dehydrogenase), EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase), and EC 1.3.1.78 [arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+)].


entry: 1.3.1.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Propanoyl-CoA + NADP+ <=> Propenoyl-CoA + NADPH [RN:R00919]; (2) 5-(3'-Carboxy-3'-oxopropenyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate + NADPH <=> 5-(3'-Carboxy-3'-oxopropyl)-4,6-dihydroxypicolinate + NADP+ [RN:R04910]; (3) 2,5-Dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol + NAD+ <=> 2,5-Dichlorohydroquinone + NADH [RN:R05243]; (4) cis-2,3-Dihydrodiol 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane + NAD+ <=> 2,3-Dihydroxy 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane + NADH + H+ [RN:R05395]; (5) cis-2,3-Dihydrodiol 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane + NADP+ <=> 2,3-Dihydroxy 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05396]; (6) 3,6-Dichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+ <=> 3,6-Dichlorocatechol + NADH + H+ [RN:R05397]; (7) p-Coumaroyl-CoA <=> Isoliquiritigenin [RN:R06568]; (8) cis-3-(Carboxy-ethyl)-3,5-cyclo-hexadiene-1,2-diol + NAD+ <=> 3-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NADH + H+ [RN:R06784]; (9) cis-3-(3-Carboxyethenyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol + NAD+ <=> trans-2,3-Dihydroxycinnamate + NADH + H+ [RN:R06785]


entry: 1.3.2.1
name: --- - Transferred to 1.3.99.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.3.99.2 butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.1 created 1961, deleted 1964)


entry: 1.3.2.3
sysname: L-galactono-1,4-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R00640
name:
--- 
- L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase
- galactonolactone dehydrogenase
- L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase
- L-galactono-gamma-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
- GLDHase
- GLDase

comment:
This enzyme catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in higher plants and in nearly all higher animals with the exception of primates and some birds [5]. The enzyme is very specific for its substrate L-galactono-1,4-lactone as D-galactono-gamma-lactone, D-gulono-gamma-lactone, L-gulono-gamma-lactone, D-erythronic-gamma-lactone, D-xylonic-gamma-lactone, L-mannono-gamma-lactone, D-galactonate, D-glucuronate and D-gluconate are not substrates [5]. FAD, NAD+, NADP+ and O2 (cf. EC 1.3.3.12, L-galactonolactone oxidase) cannot act as electron acceptor [5].

reaction:
(1) L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c [RN:R00640]; (2) L-ascorbate + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-dehydroascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c (spontaneous)


entry: 1.3.3.1
sysname: (S)-dihydroorotate:oxygen oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD, FMN). Ferricyanide can act as acceptor.
reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + O2 = orotate + H2O2 [RN:R01867]
iubmb_reaction: R01867
name:
--- 
- dihydroorotate oxidase
- DHOdehase
- dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
- dihydoorotic acid dehydrogenase
- (DHO) dehydrogenase
- 4,5-L-dihydroorotate:oxygen oxidoreductase


entry: 1.3.3.2
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.21.6
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.21.6, lathosterol oxidase. NAD(P)H had not been included previously, so enzyme had to be reclassified (EC 1.3.3.2 created 1972, deleted 2005)


entry: 1.3.3.6
sysname: acyl-CoA:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD). Acts on CoA derivatives of fatty acids with chain lengths from 8 to 18.
reaction: acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H2O2 [RN:R00388]
iubmb_reaction: R00388
kegg_reaction: R01175 R01279 R03777 R03857 R03990 R04751 R04754
name:
--- 
- acyl-CoA oxidase
- fatty acyl-CoA oxidase
- acyl coenzyme A oxidase
- fatty acyl-coenzyme A oxidase


entry: 1.3.3.8
name: --- - tetrahydroberberine oxidase - (S)-THB oxidase
sysname: (S)-tetrahydroberberine:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-tetrahydroberberine + 2 O2 = berberine + 2 H2O2 [RN:R02880]
iubmb_reaction: R02880
kegg_reaction: R03722
comment:
The enzyme from Berberis sp. (previously listed as EC 1.5.3.8) is a flavoprotein; that from Coptis japonica is not. (R)-Tetrahydroberberines are not oxidized.


entry: 1.3.3.9
name: --- - secologanin synthase
sysname: loganin:oxygen oxidoreductase (ring-cleaving)
reaction: loganin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = secologanin + NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R03555]
iubmb_reaction: R03555
kegg_reaction: R05833
comment:
A heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Secologanin is the precursor of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids and ipecac alkaloids.


entry: 1.3.3.10
sysname: L-tryptophan:oxygen alpha,beta-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = alpha,beta-didehydrotryptophan + H2O2 [RN:R05317]
iubmb_reaction: R05317
name:
--- 
- tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase
- L-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase
- L-tryptophan alpha,beta-dehydrogenase

comment:
Requires heme. The enzyme from Chromobacterium violaceum is specific for tryptophan derivatives possessing its carboxyl group free or as an amide or ester, and an unsubstituted indole ring. Also catalyses the alpha,beta dehydrogenation of L-tryptophan side chains in peptides. The product of the reaction can hydrolyse spontaneously to form indolepyruvate.


entry: 1.3.3.11
name: --- - pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase - PqqC
iubmb_reaction: (other) R07353
kegg_reaction: R07353
sysname:
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinol ine-2,4-dicarboxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing)

comment:
So far only a single turnover of the enzyme has been observed, and the pyrroloquinoline quinone remains bound to it. It is not yet known what releases the product in the bacterium.

reaction:
6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8- octahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 4,5-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline- 2,7,9-tricarboxylate + 2 H2O2 + 2 H2O


entry: 1.3.3.12
name: --- - L-galactonolactone oxidase - L-galactono-1,4-lactone oxidase
sysname: L-galactono-1,4-lactone:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-ascorbate + H2O2
iubmb_reaction: (other) R00643
kegg_reaction: R00643
comment:
A flavoprotein. Acts on the 1,4-lactones of L-galactonic, D-altronic, L-fuconic, D-arabinic and D-threonic acids; not identical with EC 1.1.3.8 L-gulonolactone oxidase. (cf. EC 1.3.2.3 galactonolactone dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.3.5.1
sysname: succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase
reaction: succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol [RN:R02164]
iubmb_reaction: R02164
name:
--- 
- succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)
- succinic dehydrogenase
- complex II
- "menaquinol: fumarate oxidoreductase"
- fumarate reductase complex (i.e. FRD, involved in anaerobic respiration, repressed in aerobic respiration)
- succinate dehydrogenase complex (i. e. SDH, involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration)

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD) containing iron-sulfur centres. The complex, present in mitochondria, can be degraded to form EC 1.3.99.1 succinate dehydrogenase, which no longer reacts with ubiquinone.


entry: 1.3.7.1
sysname: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R03164
name:
--- 
- 6-hydroxynicotinate reductase
- 6-oxotetrahydronicotinate dehydrogenase
- 6-hydroxynicotinic reductase
- HNA reductase

reaction:
1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + oxidized ferredoxin = 6-hydroxynicotinate + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R03164]


entry: 1.3.7.2
name: --- - 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase - PebA
sysname: 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
reaction: 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXalpha + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R05818]
iubmb_reaction: R05818
comment:
Catalyses the two-electron reduction of biliverdin IXalpha at the C15 methine bridge. It has been proposed that this enzyme and EC 1.3.7.3, phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, function as a dual enzyme complex in the conversion of biliverdin IXalpha into phycoerythrobilin.


entry: 1.3.7.3
name: --- - phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase - PebB
sysname: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05819
comment:
Catalyses the two-electron reduction of the C2 and C3(1) diene system of 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin. Specific for 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin. It has been proposed that this enzyme and EC 1.3.7.2, 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, function as a dual enzyme complex in the conversion of biliverdin IXalpha to phycoerythrobilin.

reaction:
(3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R05819]


entry: 1.3.7.4
sysname: (3Z)-phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
reaction: (3Z)-phytochromobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXalpha + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R03678]
iubmb_reaction: R03678
name:
--- 
- phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
- HY2
- PPhiB synthase
- phytochromobilin synthase

comment:
Catalyses the two-electron reduction of biliverdin IXalpha. Can use 2Fe-2S ferredoxins from a number of sources as acceptor but not the 4Fe-4S ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum. The isomerization of (3Z)-phytochromobilin to (3E)-phytochromobilin is thought to occur prior to covalent attachment to apophytochrome in the plant cell cytoplasm. Flavodoxins can be used instead of ferredoxin.


entry: 1.3.7.5
name: --- - phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
sysname: (3Z)-phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
reaction: (3Z)-phycocyanobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXalpha + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R05817]
iubmb_reaction: R05817
comment:
Catalyses the four-electron reduction of biliverdin IXalpha (2-electron reduction at both the A and D rings). Reaction proceeds via an isolatable 2-electron intermediate, 18(1),18(2)-dihydrobiliverdin. Flavodoxins can be used instead of ferredoxin.The direct conversion of biliverdin IXalpha (BV) to (3Z)-phycocyanolbilin (PCB) in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp PCC 6803, Anabaena sp PCC7120 and Nostoc punctiforme is in contrast to the proposed pathways of PCB biosynthesis in the red alga Cyanidium caldarium, which involves (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin (PEB) as an intermediate [2] and in the green alga Mesotaenium caldariorum, in which PCB is an isolable intermediate.


entry: 1.3.99.1
sysname: succinate:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00412]
iubmb_reaction: R00412 > R00408
name:
--- 
- succinate dehydrogenase
- succinic dehydrogenase
- fumarate reductase
- fumaric hydrogenase
- succinodehydrogenase
- succinic acid dehydrogenase
- succinate oxidoreductase
- succinyl dehydrogenase
- succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD) containing iron-sulfur centres. A component of EC 1.3.5.1 succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone).


entry: 1.3.99.2
sysname: butanoyl-CoA:acceptor 2,3-oxidoreductase
reaction: butanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R01178]
iubmb_reaction: R01178 > R01175
kegg_reaction: R01171 R02660 R03170 R04751
name:
--- 
- butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
- butyryl dehydrogenase
- unsaturated acyl-CoA reductase
- ethylene reductase
- enoyl-coenzyme A reductase
- unsaturated acyl coenzyme A reductase
- butyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- short-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase
- short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- 3-hydroxyacyl CoA reductase
- butanoyl-CoA:(acceptor) 2,3-oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein; forms, with another flavoprotein ('electron-transferring flavoproteins') and EC 1.5.5.1 electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase, a system reducing ubiquinone and other acceptors. Formerly EC 1.3.2.1.


entry: 1.3.99.3
sysname: acyl-CoA:acceptor 2,3-oxidoreductase
reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R00392]
iubmb_reaction: R00392 > R00924 R01175 R01279 R02661 R03172 R03777 R03857 R03990 R04095 R04432 R04751 R04754
name:
--- 
- acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- acyl dehydrogenase
- fatty acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- fatty-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- acyl CoA dehydrogenase
- general acyl CoA dehydrogenase
- medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- acyl-CoA:(acceptor) 2,3-oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein; forms, with another flavoprotein ('electron-transferring flavoprotein') and EC 1.5.5.1 electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase, a system reducing ubiquinone and other acceptors. Formerly EC 1.3.2.2.


entry: 1.3.99.4
sysname: 3-oxosteroid:acceptor delta1-oxidoreductase
reaction: a 3-oxosteroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta1-steroid + reduced acceptor [RN:R03748]
iubmb_reaction: R03748
name:
--- 
- 3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase
- 3-oxosteroid delta1-dehydrogenase
- delta1-dehydrogenase
- 3-ketosteroid-1-en-dehydrogenase
- 3-ketosteroid-delta1-dehydrogenase
- 1-ene-dehydrogenase
- 3-oxosteroid:(2,6-dichlorphenolindophenol) delta1-oxidoreductase
- 4-en-3-oxosteroid:(acceptor)-1-en-oxido-reductase
- delta1-steroid reductase
- 3-oxosteroid:(acceptor) delta1-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.3.99.5
sysname: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid:acceptor delta4-oxidoreductase
reaction: a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta4-steroid + reduced acceptor [RN:R02643]
iubmb_reaction: R02643 > R01834 R02497 R04827
name:
--- 
- 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase
- steroid 5alpha-reductase
- 3-oxosteroid delta4-dehydrogenase
- 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid delta4-dehydrogenase
- steroid delta4-5alpha-reductase
- delta4-3-keto steroid 5alpha-reductase
- delta4-3-oxo steroid reductase
- delta4-3-ketosteroid5alpha-oxidoreductase
- delta4-3-oxosteroid-5alpha-reductase
- 3-keto-delta4-steroid-5alpha-reductase
- 5alpha-reductase
- testosterone 5alpha-reductase
- 4-ene-3-ketosteroid-5alpha-oxidoreductase
- delta4-5alpha-dehydrogenase
- 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid:(acceptor) delta4-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.3.99.7
sysname: glutaryl-CoA:acceptor 2,3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
comment: A flavoprotein.
reaction: glutaryl-CoA + acceptor = crotonoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced acceptor [RN:R02488]
iubmb_reaction: R02488 > R02487
kegg_reaction: R05579
name:
--- 
- glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase
- glutaryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- glutaryl-CoA:(acceptor) 2,3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)


entry: 1.3.99.8
sysname: 2-furoyl-CoA:acceptor 5-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
reaction: 2-furoyl-CoA + H2O + acceptor = S-(5-hydroxy-2-furoyl)-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R02987]
iubmb_reaction: R02987
name:
--- 
- 2-furoyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- furoyl-CoA hydroxylase
- 2-furoyl coenzyme A hydroxylase
- 2-furoyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- 2-furoyl-CoA:(acceptor) 5-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)

comment:
A copper protein. The oxygen atom of the -OH produced is derived from water, not O2; the actual oxidative step is probably dehydrogenation of a hydrated form -CHOH-CH2- to -C(OH)=CH-, which tautomerizes non-enzymically to -CO-CH2-, giving (5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furoyl)-CoA. Methylene blue, nitro blue, tetrazolium and a membrane fraction from Pseudomonas putida can act as acceptors.


entry: 1.3.99.9
name: --- - Transferred to 1.21.99.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.21.99.1, beta-cyclopiazonate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.9 created 1976, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.3.99.10
sysname: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R04096]
iubmb_reaction: R04096 > R04095
name:
--- 
- isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase
- isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- isovaleroyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein; forms with electron-transferring flavoprotein and EC 1.5.5.1 electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase, a system reducing ubiquinone. n-Pentanoate can act as donor. Not identical with EC 1.3.99.2 (butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase), EC 1.3.99.3 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) or EC 1.3.99.12 (2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.3.99.11
sysname: (S)-dihydroorotate:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + acceptor = orotate + reduced acceptor [RN:R01868]
iubmb_reaction: R01868
kegg_reaction: R01867 R01869
name:
--- 
- dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
- dihydroorotate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase
- (S)-dihydroorotate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
An iron-zinc protein. Oxygen can act as acceptor, but much more slowly than 2,6-dichloroindophenol or 1,10-phenanthroline.


entry: 1.3.99.12
sysname: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R03173]
iubmb_reaction: R03173 > R03172
kegg_reaction: R02661
name:
--- 
- 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- 2-methyl branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
Also oxidizes 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA. Not identical with EC 1.3.99.2 (butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase), EC 1.3.99.3 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase), EC 1.3.99.10 (isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase) or EC 1.3.99.13 (long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.3.99.13
sysname: long-chain-acyl-CoA:acceptor 2,3-oxidoreductase
reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R00392]
iubmb_reaction: R00392 > R01279 R03777 R03857 R03990 R04751 R04754
name:
--- 
- long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- palmitoyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- palmitoyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- long-chain-acyl-CoA:(acceptor) 2,3-oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD); forms with another flavoprotein ('electron-transferring flavoprotein') and EC 1.5.5.1 a system reducing ubiquinone and other acceptors. Not identical with EC 1.3.99.2 (butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase), EC 1.3.99.3 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase), EC 1.3.99.10 (isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase) or EC 1.3.99.12 (2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.3.99.14
name: --- - cyclohexanone dehydrogenase - cyclohexanone:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase
sysname: cyclohexanone:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: cyclohexanone + acceptor = cyclohex-2-enone + reduced acceptor [RN:R02234]
iubmb_reaction: R02234
comment:
2,6-Dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor. The corresponding ketones of cyclopentane and cycloheptane cannot act as donors.


entry: 1.3.99.15
name: --- - benzoyl-CoA reductase - benzoyl-CoA reductase (dearomatizing)
sysname: cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase (aromatizing, ATP-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R02451
kegg_reaction: R00283
comment:
an iron-sulfur protein. Requires Mg2+ or Mn2+. Reduced methyl viologen can act as electron donor. Inactive towards aromatic acids that are not CoA esters but will also catalyse the reaction: ammonia + acceptor + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + H2O = hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor + 2 ATP. In the presence of reduced acceptor, but in the absence of oxidizable substrate, the enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP plus phosphate.

reaction:
benzoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor + 2 ATP + 2 H2O = cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + acceptor + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate [RN:R02451]


entry: 1.3.99.16
name: --- - isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase
sysname: isoquinoline:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
reaction: isoquinoline + acceptor + H2O = isoquinolin-1(2H)-one + reduced acceptor [RN:R05151]
iubmb_reaction: R05151
comment:
the enzyme from Pseudomonas diminuta is specific towards N-containing N-heterocyclic substrates, including isoquinoline, isoquinolin-5-ol, phthalazine and quinazoline. Electron acceptors include 1,2-benzoquinone, cytochrome c, ferricyanide, iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, nitroblue tetrazolium, Meldola blue and phenazine methosulfate.


entry: 1.3.99.17
name: --- - quinoline 2-oxidoreductase
sysname: quinoline:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
reaction: quinoline + acceptor + H2O = isoquinolin-1(2H)-one + reduced acceptor [RN:R05152]
iubmb_reaction: R05152
comment:
quinolin-2-ol, quinolin-7-ol, quinolin-8-ol, 3-, 4- and 8-methylquinolines and 8-chloroquinoline are substrates. Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride can act as an electron acceptor.


entry: 1.3.99.18
name: --- - quinaldate 4-oxidoreductase - quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase
sysname: quinoline-2-carboxylate:acceptor 4-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
reaction: quinaldate + acceptor + H2O = kynurenate + reduced acceptor [RN:R03687]
iubmb_reaction: R03687
comment:
the enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. AK2 also acts on quinoline-8-carboxylate, whereas that from Serratia marcescens 2CC-1 will oxidize nicotinate; quinaldate is a substrate for both of these enzymes. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonate, 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, nitroblue tetrazolium, thionine and menadione will serve as an electron acceptor for the former enzyme and ferricyanide for the latter; Meldola blue, iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, phenazine methosulfate, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and cytochrome c will act as electron acceptors for both.


entry: 1.3.99.19
sysname: quinoline-4-carboxylate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R05183
name:
--- 
- quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase
- quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase
- quinoline-4-carboxylate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)

comment:
A molybdenum-iron-sulfur flavoprotein with molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide as the molybdenum cofactor. Quinoline, 4-methylquinoline and 4-chloroquinoline can also serve as substrates for the enzyme from Agrobacterium sp. 1B. Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, thionine, menadione and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol can act as electron acceptors.

reaction:
quinoline-4-carboxylate + acceptor + H2O = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + reduced acceptor [RN:R05183]


entry: 1.3.99.20
name: --- - 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase - 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA:(acceptor) oxidoreductase
sysname: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: benzoyl-CoA + acceptor + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor [RN:R05316]
iubmb_reaction: R05316
comment:
A molybdenum-flavin-iron-sulfur protein that is involved in the anaerobic pathway of phenol metabolism in bacteria. A ferredoxin with two [4Fe-4S] clusters functions as the natural electron donor [3]


entry: 1.3.99.21
sysname: (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05584
name:
--- 
- (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- BbsG
- (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
Requires FAD as cofactor. The enzyme is highly specific for (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA and is inhibited by (S)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA. Forms the third step in the anaerobic toluene metabolic pathway in Thauera aromatica. Uses the ferricenium ion as the preferred artificial electron acceptor. Unlike other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, this enzyme exhibits high substrate- and enantiomer specificity.

reaction:
(R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + 2 electron-transferring flavoprotein = (E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA + 2 reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein [RN:R05584]


entry: 1.3.99.22
sysname: coproporphyrinogen-III:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R06895
name:
--- 
- coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase
- oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase
- HemN
- radical SAM enzyme
- coproporphyrinogen III oxidase

comment:
This enzyme differs from EC 1.3.3.3, coproporphyrinogen oxidase, by using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) instead of oxygen as oxidant. It occurs mainly in bacteria, whereas eukaryotes use the oxygen-dependent oxidase. The reaction starts by using an electron from the reduced form of the enzyme's [4Fe-4S] cluster to split AdoMet into methionine and the radical 5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl. This radical initiates attack on the 2-carboxyethyl groups, leading to their conversion into vinyl groups. This conversion,-. CH-CH2-COO- ->-CH=CH2 + CO2 + e- replaces the electron initially used.

reaction:
coproporphyrinogen III + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protoporphyrinogen IX + 2 CO2 + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine [RN:R06895]


entry: 1.3.99.23
sysname: all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol:acceptor 13,14-oxidoreductase
reaction: all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + acceptor = all-trans-retinol + reduced acceptor [RN:R07163]
iubmb_reaction: R07163
name:
--- 
- all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase
- retinol saturase
- RetSat
- (13,14)-all-trans-retinol saturase
- all-trans-retinol:all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol saturase

comment:
The reaction is only known to occur in the opposite direction to that given above, with the enzyme being specific for all-trans-retinol as substrate. Neither all-trans-retinoic acid nor 9-cis, 11-cis or 13-cis-retinol isomers are substrates. May play a role in the metabolism of vitamin A.


entry: 1.3.99.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Butanoyl-CoA + FAD <=> FADH2 + Crotonoyl-CoA [RN:R01175]; (2) Palmitoyl-CoA + FAD <=> trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl-CoA + FADH2 [RN:R01279]; (3) Sphinganine + FAD <=> FADH2 + Sphingosine [RN:R02979]; (4) Octanoyl-CoA + FAD <=> trans-Oct-2-enoyl-CoA + FADH2 [RN:R03777]; (5) Lauroyl-CoA + FAD <=> 2-trans-Dodecenoyl-CoA + FADH2 [RN:R03857]; (6) Tetradecanoyl-CoA + FAD <=> trans-Tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA + FADH2 [RN:R03990]; (7) 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + FAD <=> 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA + FADH2 [RN:R04547]; (8) 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + FAD <=> 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA + FADH2 [RN:R04592]; (9) Hexanoyl-CoA + FAD <=> trans-Hex-2-enoyl-CoA + FADH2 [RN:R04751]; (10) Decanoyl-CoA + FAD <=> trans-Dec-2-enoyl-CoA + FADH2 [RN:R04754]; (11) Phytoene <=> Phytofluene + Hydrogen [RN:R04786]; (12) Phytofluene <=> zeta-Carotene [RN:R04787]; (13) Naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA <=> Naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ [RN:R06905]; (14) Adipyl-CoA + FAD <=> 5-Carboxy-2-pentenoyl-CoA + FADH2 [RN:R06943]; (15) Campest-4-en-3-one + NADPH <=> 5alpha-Campestan-3-one + NADP+ [RN:R07429]; (16) 22alpha-Hydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one + NADPH <=> 22alpha-Hydroxy-5alpha-campestan-3-one + NADP+ [RN:R07447]


entry: 1.3.-.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 1-Chloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene + 2 H+ + 2 e- <=> 1-Chloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane [RN:R05398]; (2) Cyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + Acceptor <=> Cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + Reduced acceptor [RN:R05619]; (3) (+)-(S)-Carvone + H+ <=> (1R,4S)-Iso-dihydrocarvone [RN:R06372]; (4) (-)-Carvone + Reduced acceptor <=> (1R,4R)-Dihydrocarvone + Acceptor [RN:R06373]


entry: 1.4.1.1
sysname: L-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: L-alanine + H2O + NAD+ = pyruvate + NH3 + NADH + H+ [RN:R00396]
iubmb_reaction: R00396
kegg_reaction: R00145 R00146
name:
--- 
- alanine dehydrogenase
- AlaDH
- L-alanine dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked alanine dehydrogenase
- alpha-alanine dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent alanine dehydrogenase
- alanine oxidoreductase
- NADH-dependent alanine dehydrogenase


entry: 1.4.1.2
sysname: L-glutamate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH + H+ [RN:R00243]
iubmb_reaction: R00243
kegg_reaction: R00145 R00146
name:
--- 
- glutamate dehydrogenase
- glutamic dehydrogenase
- glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD)
- glutamate oxidoreductase
- glutamic acid dehydrogenase
- L-glutamate dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent glutamic dehydrogenase
- NAD-glutamate dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase
- NAD-linked glutamic dehydrogenase
- NAD-specific glutamic dehydrogenase
- NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase
- NAD:glutamate oxidoreductase
- NADH-linked glutamate dehydrogenase


entry: 1.4.1.3
sysname: L-glutamate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00243 R00248]
iubmb_reaction: R00243 R00248
kegg_reaction: R00145 R00146
name:
--- 
- glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
- glutamic dehydrogenase
- glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)]


entry: 1.4.1.4
sysname: L-glutamate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00248]
iubmb_reaction: R00248
kegg_reaction: R00145 R00146 R00243
name:
--- 
- glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- glutamic dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, glutamate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
- glutamic acid dehydrogenase
- L-glutamate dehydrogenase
- L-glutamic acid dehydrogenase
- NAD(P)-glutamate dehydrogenase
- NAD(P)H-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase
- glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.4.1.6
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: now included with EC 1.4.4.1 D-proline reductase (dithiol) (EC 1.4.1.6 created 1961, deleted 1982)


entry: 1.4.1.8
sysname: L-valine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: L-valine + H2O + NADP+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01212]
iubmb_reaction: R01212
kegg_reaction: R00145 R00146
name:
--- 
- valine dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- valine dehydrogenase (nicotinanide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- valine dehydrogenase (NADP)


entry: 1.4.1.9
sysname: L-leucine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
comment: Also acts on isoleucine, valine, norvaline and norleucine.
reaction: L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH + H+ [RN:R01088]
iubmb_reaction: R01088
kegg_reaction: R00145 R00146 R01434 R02196 R03960
name:
--- 
- leucine dehydrogenase
- L-leucine dehydrogenase
- L-leucine:NAD+ oxidoreductase, deaminating
- LeuDH


entry: 1.4.1.11
name: --- - L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase - L-3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase
sysname: L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
iubmb_reaction: R03349
reaction:
L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate + H2O + NAD+ = (S)-5-amino-3-oxohexanoate + NH3 + NADH + H+ [RN:R03349]


entry: 1.4.1.12
name: --- - 2,4-diaminopentanoate dehydrogenase - 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid C4 dehydrogenase
sysname: 2,4-diaminopentanoate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
iubmb_reaction: R04200 R04201
kegg_reaction: R00145 R00146 R02825 R04687 R04688
comment:
Also acts, more slowly, on 2,5-diaminohexanoate forming 2-amino-5-oxohexanoate, which then cyclizes non-enzymically to 1-pyrroline-2-methyl-5-carboxylate.

reaction:
2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R04200 R04201]


entry: 1.4.1.13
sysname: L-glutamate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (transaminating)
reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00114]
iubmb_reaction: R00114
name:
--- 
- glutamate synthase (NADPH)
- glutamate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) synthase
- L-glutamate synthase
- L-glutamate synthetase
- glutamate synthetase (NADP)
- NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase
- glutamine-ketoglutaric aminotransferase
- NADPH-glutamate synthase
- NADPH-linked glutamate synthase
- glutamine amide-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (oxidoreductase, NADP)
- L-glutamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, NADPH oxidizing
- glutamate synthase (NADPH2)

comment:
An iron-sulfur flavoprotein. In the reverse reaction, ammonia can act instead of glutamine, but more slowly. Formerly EC 2.6.1.53.


entry: 1.4.1.14
sysname: L-glutamate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (transaminating)
comment: A flavoprotein (FMN).
reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00093]
iubmb_reaction: R00093
name:
--- 
- glutamate synthase (NADH)
- glutamate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) synthase
- "NADH: GOGAT"
- L-glutamate synthase (NADH)
- L-glutamate synthetase
- NADH-glutamate synthase
- NADH-dependent glutamate synthase
- glutamate synthase (NADH2)


entry: 1.4.1.16
sysname: meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
iubmb_reaction: R02755
name:
--- 
- diaminopimelate dehydrogenase
- meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase
- meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase

reaction:
meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + H2O + NADP+ = L-2-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + NH3 + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02755]


entry: 1.4.1.18
name: --- - lysine 6-dehydrogenase - L-lysine epsilon-dehydrogenase - L-lysine 6-dehydrogenase - LysDH
sysname: L-lysine:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase (deaminating)
iubmb_reaction: R00446
comment:
The enzyme is highly specific for L-lysine as substrate, although (S)-(beta-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine can act as a substrate, but more slowly. While the enzyme from Agrobacterium tumefaciens can use only NAD+, that from the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus can also use NADP+, but more slowly [1,4].

reaction:
(1) (1a) L-lysine + NAD+ + H2O = (S)-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADH + H+ + NH3 [RN:R00446]; (2) (1b) (S)-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde = (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropiperidine-2-carboxylate + H2O (spontaneous)


entry: 1.4.1.19
sysname: L-tryptophan:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
comment: Activated by Ca2+.
reaction: L-tryptophan + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00675 R00676]
iubmb_reaction: R00675 R00676
kegg_reaction: R00145 R00146
name:
--- 
- tryptophan dehydrogenase
- NAD(P)+-L-tryptophan dehydrogenase
- L-tryptophan dehydrogenase
- L-Trp-dehydrogenase
- TDH


entry: 1.4.1.20
name: --- - phenylalanine dehydrogenase - L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase - PHD
sysname: L-phenylalanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: L-phenylalanine + H2O + NAD+ = phenylpyruvate + NH3 + NADH + H+ [RN:R00688]
iubmb_reaction: R00688
kegg_reaction: R00145 R00146
comment:
The enzymes from Bacillus badius and Sporosarcina ureae are highly specific for L-phenylalanine; that from Bacillus sphaericus also acts on L-tyrosine.


entry: 1.4.1.21
sysname: L-aspartate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: L-aspartate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = oxaloacetate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R07164 R07165]
iubmb_reaction: R07164 R07165
kegg_reaction: R07407 R07410
name:
--- 
- aspartate dehydrogenase
- NAD-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase
- NADH2-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase
- NADP+-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase

comment:
The enzyme is strictly specific for L-aspartate as substrate. Catalyses the first step in NAD biosynthesis from aspartate. The enzyme has a higher affinity for NAD+ than NADP+ [1].


entry: 1.4.1.22
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: ornithine cyclodeaminase. It was pointed out during the public-review process that there is no overall consumption of NAD+ during the reaction. As a result, transfer of the enzyme from EC 4.3.1.12 was not necessary and EC 1.4.1.22 was withdrawn before being made official. (EC 1.4.1.22 created 2006, deleted 2006)


entry: 1.4.3.3
sysname: D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD). Wide specificity for D-amino acids. Also acts on glycine.
reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R01340]
iubmb_reaction: R01340 > R02457 R02894 R02923 R05861 R07400
kegg_reaction: R00366 R04221 R06124
name:
--- 
- D-amino-acid oxidase
- ophio-amino-acid oxidase
- L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase
- new yellow enzyme


entry: 1.4.3.4
sysname: amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing)
reaction: RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2 = RCHO + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R01853]
iubmb_reaction: R01853 > R02173 R02382 R02529 R02532 R02613 R02908 R04025 R04300 R04674 R04890 R04893
kegg_reaction: R02919 R04894 R04907 R04908 R06133
name:
--- 
- amine oxidase (flavin-containing)
- monoamine oxidase
- tyramine oxidase
- tyraminase
- amine oxidase
- adrenalin oxidase
- epinephrine oxidase
- MAO
- polyamine oxidase
- serotonin deaminase
- adrenaline oxidase
- spermidine oxidase
- spermine oxidase
- monoamine:O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating)

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Acts on primary amines, and usually also on some secondary and tertiary amines.


entry: 1.4.3.5
sysname: pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
iubmb_reaction: R00277 R00278
kegg_reaction: R01710 R01711 R06133
name:
--- 
- pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase
- pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase
- pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase
- pyridoxine (pyridoxamine)phosphate oxidase
- pyridoxine (pyridoxamine) 5'-phosphate oxidase
- "pyridoxaminephosphate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.5: deaminating)"
- PMP oxidase
- pyridoxol-5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (incorrect)
- pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase
- PdxH

comment:
A flavoprotein (FMN). In Escherichia coli, the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is synthesized de novo by a pathway that involves EC 1.2.1.72 (erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase), EC 1.1.1.290 (4-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase), EC 2.6.1.52 (phosphoserine transaminase), EC 1.1.1.262 (4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase), EC 2.6.99.2 (pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase) and EC 1.4.3.5 (with pyridoxine 5'-phosphate as substrate).

reaction:
(1) pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H2O + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R00277]; (2) pyridoxine 5'-phosphate + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O2 [RN:R00278]


entry: 1.4.3.6
sysname: amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (copper-containing)
reaction: RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2 = RCHO + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R01853]
iubmb_reaction: R01853 > R01151 R02150 R02173 R02382 R02529 R02613 R03139 R04300 R05334 R06154 R06740
kegg_reaction: R04027 R06133
name:
--- 
- amine oxidase (copper-containing)
- diamine oxidase
- diamino oxhydrase
- histaminase
- amine oxidase
- monoamine oxidase
- amine oxidase (pyridoxal containing)
- benzylamine oxidase
- histamine deaminase
- histamine oxidase
- Cu-amine oxidase
- amine oxygen oxidoreductase
- diamine:O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating)
- semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase
- SSAO

comment:
A group of enzymes including those oxidizing primary monoamines, diamines and histamine. They are copper quinoproteins. One form of EC 1.3.1.15 orotate reductase (NADPH) from rat kidney also catalyses this reaction.


entry: 1.4.3.9
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: tyramine oxidase. Now included with EC 1.4.3.4 amine oxidase (flavin-containing) (EC 1.4.3.9 created 1972, deleted 1984)


entry: 1.4.3.11
sysname: L-glutamate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: L-glutamate + O2 + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R00250]
iubmb_reaction: R00250
kegg_reaction: R06124
name:
--- 
- L-glutamate oxidase
- glutamate (acceptor) dehydrogenase
- glutamate oxidase
- glutamic acid oxidase
- glutamic dehydrogenase (acceptor)
- L-glutamic acid oxidase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD).The enzyme from Azotobacter previously listed under this number, which did not produce H2O2, was a crude cell-free extract that probably contained catalase.


entry: 1.4.3.12
name: --- - cyclohexylamine oxidase
sysname: cyclohexylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: cyclohexylamine + O2 + H2O = cyclohexanone + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R02233]
iubmb_reaction: R02233
kegg_reaction: R06133
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Some other cyclic amines can act instead of cyclohexylamine, but not simple aliphatic and aromatic amides.


entry: 1.4.3.13
name: --- - protein-lysine 6-oxidase - lysyl oxidase
sysname: protein-L-lysine:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: peptidyl-L-lysyl-peptide + O2 + H2O = peptidyl-allysyl-peptide + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R04239]
iubmb_reaction: R04239
comment:
Also acts on protein 5-hydroxylysine. This enzyme catalyses the final known enzymic step required for collagen and elastin cross-linking in the biosynthesis of normal mature extracellular matrices [4]. These reactions play an important role for the development, elasticity and extensibility of connective tissue. The enzyme is also active on free amines, such as cadaverine or benzylamine [4,5].


entry: 1.4.3.15
sysname: D-glutamate(D-aspartate):oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R00279]
iubmb_reaction: R00279
kegg_reaction: R00359
name:
--- 
- D-glutamate(D-aspartate) oxidase
- D-glutamic-aspartic oxidase
- D-monoaminodicarboxylic acid oxidase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). D-Glutamate and D-aspartate are oxidized at the same rate. Other D-monoaminodicarboxylates, and other D- and L-amino acids, are not oxidized.


entry: 1.4.3.17
name: --- - Transferred to 1.3.3.10
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.3.3.10 tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase. Enzyme was incorrectly classified as acting on a CH-NH bond rather than a CH-CH bond. (EC 1.4.3.17 created 2000, deleted 2003)


entry: 1.4.3.18
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: Not approved as the enzyme was shown to be a dehydrogenase and not an oxidase (see EC 1.5.99.12 cytokinin dehydrogenase). (EC 1.4.3.18 proposed 2000)


entry: 1.4.3.19
name: --- - glycine oxidase
sysname: glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
iubmb_reaction: R00366 R05861 R05862 R05863
kegg_reaction: R07463
comment:
A flavoenzyme containing non-covalently bound FAD. The enzyme from Bacillus subtilis is active with glycine, sarcosine, N-ethylglycine, D-alanine, D-alpha-aminobutyrate, D-proline, D-pipecolate and N-methyl-D-alanine. It differs from EC 1.4.3.3, D-amino-acid oxidase, due to its activity on sarcosine and D-pipecolate.

reaction:
(1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R00366]; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R05861]; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + H2O2 [RN:R05862]; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + H2O2 [RN:R05863]


entry: 1.4.3.20
name: --- - L-lysine 6-oxidase - L-lysine-epsilon-oxidase - Lod - LodA - marinocine
sysname: L-lysine:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: L-lysine + O2 + H2O = 2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + H2O2 + NH3
comment:
Differs from EC 1.4.3.13, protein-lysine 6-oxidase, by using free L-lysine rather than the protein-bound form. 2-N-Acetyl-L-lysine is also a substrate, but 6-N-acetyl-L-lysine, which has an acetyl group at position 6, is not a substrate. Also acts on L-ornithine, D-lysine and 4-hydroxy-L-lysine, but more slowly. The amines cadaverine and putrescine are not substrates [2].


entry: 1.4.3.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) L-Arginine + Oxygen + H2O <=> 2-Oxoarginine + H2O2 + NH3 [RN:R00556]; (2) gamma-L-Glutamylputrecine + H2O + Oxygen <=> gamma-Glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NH3 + H2O2 [RN:R07415]


entry: 1.4.4.1
name: --- - Transferred to 1.21.4.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.21.4.1, D-proline reductase (dithiol) (EC 1.4.4.1 created 1972, modified 1982 (EC 1.4.1.6 created 1961, incorporated 1982), deleted 2003)


entry: 1.4.4.2
sysname: glycine:H-protein-lipoyllysine oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-amino-methylating)
reaction: glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine = H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
iubmb_reaction: (other) R03425
kegg_reaction: R03425
name:
--- 
- glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
- P-protein
- glycine decarboxylase
- glycine-cleavage complex
- glycine:lipoylprotein oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-aminomethylating)
- protein P1

comment:
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. A component, with EC 2.1.2.10, aminomethyltransferase and EC 1.8.1.4, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenanse, of the glycine cleavage system, previously known as glycine synthase. The glycine cleavage system is composed of four components that only loosely associate: the P protein (EC 1.4.4.2), the T protein (EC 2.1.2.10), the L protein (EC 1.8.1.4) and the lipoyl-bearing H protein [3].


entry: 1.4.7.1
sysname: L-glutamate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (transaminating)
comment: An iron-sulfur flavoprotein.
iubmb_reaction: R00021
name:
--- 
- glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)
- ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase
- ferredoxin-glutamate synthase
- glutamate synthase (ferredoxin-dependent)

reaction:
2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin [RN:R00021]


entry: 1.4.99.3
sysname: primary-amine:acceptor oxidoreductase (deaminating)
comment: A quinoprotein.
reaction: RCH2NH2 + H2O + acceptor = RCHO + NH3 + reduced acceptor [RN:R01854]
iubmb_reaction: R01854 > R00606
name:
--- 
- amine dehydrogenase
- methylamine dehydrogenase
- primary-amine dehydrogenase
- "amine: (acceptor) oxidoreductase (deaminating)"
- primary-amine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (deaminating)


entry: 1.4.99.4
sysname: aralkylamine:acceptor oxidoreductase (deaminating)
reaction: RCH2NH2 + H2O + acceptor = RCHO + NH3 + reduced acceptor [RN:R01854]
iubmb_reaction: R01854 > R02612
kegg_reaction: R02382 R04300
name:
--- 
- aralkylamine dehydrogenase
- aromatic amine dehydrogenase
- dehydrogenase, arylamine
- tyramine dehydrogenase
- aralkylamine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (deaminating)

comment:
Phenazine methosulfate can act as acceptor. Acts on aromatic amines and, more slowly, on some long-chain aliphatic amines, but not on methylamine or ethylamine (cf. EC 1.4.99.3 amine dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.4.99.5
name: --- - glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming) - hydrogen cyanide synthase - HCN synthase
sysname: glycine:acceptor oxidoreductase (hydrogen-cyanide-forming)
reaction: glycine + 2 A = hydrogen cyanide + CO2 + 2 AH2 [RN:R05704]
iubmb_reaction: R05704
comment:
The enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. contains FAD. The enzyme is membrane-bound, and the 2-electron acceptor is a component of the respiratory chain. The enzyme can act with various artificial electron acceptors, including phenazine methosulfate.


entry: 1.4.-.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Anthranilyl-CoA + 2 H+ <=> S-Benzoate coenzyme A + NH3 [RN:R05585]; (2) 4-Hydroxyaniline + H2O <=> p-Benzoquinone + NH3 [RN:R06852]


entry: 1.5.1.1
name: --- - pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase - delta1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase
sysname: L-proline:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-proline + NAD(P)+ = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01246 R01249]
iubmb_reaction: R01246 R01249
kegg_reaction: R02201 R02203
comment:
Reduces 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate to L-proline and also 1,2-didehydropiperidine-2-carboxylate to L-pipecolate.


entry: 1.5.1.2
sysname: L-proline:NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase
comment: Also reduces 1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate to L-hydroxyproline.
reaction: L-proline + NAD(P)+ = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01248 R01251]
iubmb_reaction: R01248 R01251
kegg_reaction: R03291 R03293
name:
--- 
- pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
- proline oxidase
- L-proline oxidase
- 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
- NADPH-L-delta1-pyrroline carboxylic acid reductase
- L-proline-NAD(P)+ 5-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.5.1.3
sysname: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00939]
iubmb_reaction: R00939
kegg_reaction: R00936 R00937 R00940 R02235 R02236
name:
--- 
- dihydrofolate reductase
- tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
- DHFR
- pteridine reductase:dihydrofolate reductase
- dihydrofolate reductase:thymidylate synthase
- thymidylate synthetase-dihydrofolate reductase
- folic acid reductase
- folic reductase
- dihydrofolic acid reductase
- dihydrofolic reductase
- 7,8-dihydrofolate reductase
- NADPH-dihydrofolate reductase

comment:
The enzyme from animals and some micro-organisms also slowly reduces folate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate.


entry: 1.5.1.4
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: dihydrofolate dehydrogenase. Now included with EC 1.5.1.3 dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.4 created 1961, deleted 1976)


entry: 1.5.1.5
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01220]
iubmb_reaction: R01220
name:
--- 
- methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:NADP oxidoreductase
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
- methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase

comment:
In eukaryotes, occurs as a trifunctional enzyme also having methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.9) and formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase (EC 6.3.4.3) activity. In some prokaryotes occurs as a bifunctional enzyme also having methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activity (EC 3.5.4.9).


entry: 1.5.1.6
sysname: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + NADP+ + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00941]
iubmb_reaction: R00941
name:
--- 
- formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
- 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate:NADP oxidoreductase
- 10-formyl-H2PtGlu:NADP oxidoreductase
- 10-formyl-H4folate dehydrogenase
- N10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
- 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase


entry: 1.5.1.7
sysname: N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R00715
name:
--- 
- saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming)
- lysine-2-oxoglutarate reductase
- dehydrogenase, saccharopine (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, lysine forming)
- epsilon-N-(L-glutaryl-2)-L-lysine:NAD oxidoreductase (L-lysine forming)
- N6-(glutar-2-yl)-L-lysine:NAD oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

reaction:
N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine + NAD+ + H2O = L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00715]


entry: 1.5.1.8
sysname: N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R00716
name:
--- 
- saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming)
- lysine-2-oxoglutarate reductase
- lysine-ketoglutarate reductase
- L-lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate reductase
- lysine:alpha-ketoglutarate:TPNH oxidoreductase (epsilon-N-[gultaryl-2]-L-lysine forming)
- saccharopine (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, lysine-forming) dehydrogenase

reaction:
N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine + NADP+ + H2O = L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00716]


entry: 1.5.1.9
iubmb_reaction: R02313
name:
--- 
- saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming)
- dehydrogenase, saccharopine (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, glutamate-forming)
- saccharopin dehydrogenase
- NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-2-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde and glutamate forming)
- aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase
- saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD, L-glutamate-forming)

sysname:
N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamate-forming) (b>Comments: The activities of this enzyme along with EC 1.5.1.8, saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming), occur on a single protein.

reaction:
N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine + NAD+ + H2O = L-glutamate + 2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADH + H+ [RN:R02313]


entry: 1.5.1.10
sysname: N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamate-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R02315
name:
--- 
- saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming)
- saccharopine (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, glutamate-forming) dehydrogenase
- aminoadipic semialdehyde-glutamic reductase
- aminoadipate semialdehyde-glutamate reductase
- aminoadipic semialdehyde-glutamate reductase
- epsilon-N-(L-glutaryl-2)-L-lysine:NAD+(P) oxidoreductase (L-2-aminoadipate-semialdehyde forming)
- saccharopine reductase

reaction:
N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine + NADP+ + H2O = L-glutamate + 2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02315]


entry: 1.5.1.11
sysname: N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-arginine-forming)
comment: In the reverse direction, acts also on L-ornithine, L-lysine and L-histidine.
reaction: N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + NAD+ + H2O = L-arginine + pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00562]
iubmb_reaction: R00562
name:
--- 
- D-octopine dehydrogenase
- D-octopine synthase
- octopine dehydrogenase
- octopine:NAD oxidoreductase
- ODH


entry: 1.5.1.12
sysname: (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00707]
iubmb_reaction: R00707
kegg_reaction: R00245 R00708 R03294 R04444 R04445 R05051
name:
--- 
- 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
- delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
- 1-pyrroline dehydrogenase
- pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
- pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase
- L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-NAD+ oxidoreductase
- 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

comment:
Oxidizes other 1-pyrrolines, e.g. 3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate forms 4-hydroxyglutamate. The enzyme also converts (R)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate into D-glutamate.


entry: 1.5.1.13
name: --- - Transferred to 1.17.1.5
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.17.1.5, nicotinate dehydrogenase. The enzyme was incorrectly classified as acting on a CH-NH group. (EC 1.5.1.13 created 1972, deleted 2004).


entry: 1.5.1.14
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: 1,2-didehydropipecolate reductase. Now included with EC 1.5.1.21 delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.14 created 1976, deleted 1989)


entry: 1.5.1.15
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01218]
iubmb_reaction: R01218
name:
--- 
- methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
- methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD)


entry: 1.5.1.16
sysname: N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)
reaction: N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine + NADP+ + H2O = L-lysine + pyruvate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00452]
iubmb_reaction: R00452
name:
--- 
- D-lysopine dehydrogenase
- D-lysopine synthase
- lysopine dehydrogenase
- D(+)-lysopine dehydrogenase

comment:
In the reverse reaction, a number of L-amino acids can act instead of L-lysine, and 2-oxobutanoate and, to a lesser extent, glyoxylate can act instead of pyruvate.


entry: 1.5.1.17
sysname: 2,2'-iminodipropanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-alanine-forming)
reaction: 2,2'-iminodipropanoate + NAD+ + H2O = L-alanine + pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00398]
iubmb_reaction: R00398
name:
--- 
- alanopine dehydrogenase
- ALPDH
- alanopine[meso-N-(1-carboxyethyl)-alanine]dehydrogenase
- meso-N-(1-carboxyethyl)-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- "alanopine: NAD oxidoreductase"
- ADH
- alanopine:NAD oxidoreductase

comment:
In the reverse reaction, L-alanine can be replaced by L-cysteine, L-serine or L-threonine; glycine acts very slowly (cf. EC 1.5.1.22 strombine dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.5.1.18
name: --- - ephedrine dehydrogenase
sysname: (-)-ephedrine:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: (-)-ephedrine + NAD+ = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + NADH + H+ [RN:R03614]
iubmb_reaction: R03614
comment:
The product immediately hydrolyses to methylamine and 1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-one. Acts on a number of related compounds including (-)-sympatol, (+)-pseudoephedrine and (+)-norephedrine.


entry: 1.5.1.19
sysname: N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-arginine-forming)
comment: In the reverse direction, forms D-nopaline from L-arginine and D-ornaline from L-ornithine.
iubmb_reaction: R00563
name:
--- 
- D-nopaline dehydrogenase
- D-nopaline synthase
- nopaline dehydrogenase
- nopaline synthase
- NOS

reaction:
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00563]


entry: 1.5.1.20
sysname: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD). Menadione can also serve as an electron acceptor.
iubmb_reaction: R01224 R07168
kegg_reaction: R01222
name:
--- 
- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
- methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase
- 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase
- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH2)
- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD oxidoreductase
- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- methylenetetrahydrofolate (reduced riboflavin adenine dinucleotide) reductase
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate reductase
- N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase
- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (incorrect)
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2)
- MetF
- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)
- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

reaction:
5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R01224 R07168]


entry: 1.5.1.21
sysname: L-pipecolate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-pipecolate + NADP+ = delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02203]
iubmb_reaction: R02203
kegg_reaction: R02201
name:
--- 
- delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase
- 1,2-didehydropipecolate reductase
- P2C reductase
- 1,2-didehydropipecolic reductase


entry: 1.5.1.22
sysname: N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glycine-forming)
reaction: N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine + NAD+ + H2O = glycine + pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00368]
iubmb_reaction: R00368
name:
--- 
- strombine dehydrogenase
- strombine[N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine]dehydrogenase
- "N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine: NAD+ oxidoreductase"

comment:
Also catalyses the reaction of EC 1.5.1.17 alanopine dehydrogenase, but more slowly. Does not act on L-strombine.


entry: 1.5.1.23
name: --- - tauropine dehydrogenase
sysname: N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)taurine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (taurine-forming)
reaction: tauropine + NAD+ + H2O = taurine + pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01683]
iubmb_reaction: R01683
comment:
In the reverse reaction, alanine can act instead of taurine, but more slowly, and 2-oxobutanoate and 2-oxopentanoate can act instead of pyruvate.


entry: 1.5.1.24
name: --- - N5-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase
sysname: N5-(L-1-carboxyethyl)-L-ornithine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-ornithine-forming)
reaction: N5-(L-1-carboxyethyl)-L-ornithine + NADP+ + H2O = L-ornithine + pyruvate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00666]
iubmb_reaction: R00666
comment:
In the reverse direction, L-lysine can act instead of L-ornithine, but more slowly. Acts on the amino group. cf. EC 1.5.1.16 D-lysopine dehydrogenase.


entry: 1.5.1.25
name: --- - thiomorpholine-carboxylate dehydrogenase - ketimine reductase - ketimine-reducing enzyme
sysname: thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate:NAD(P)+ 5,6-oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04339 R04340
comment:
The product is the cyclic imine of the 2-oxoacid corresponding to S-(2-aminoethyl)cysteine. In the reverse direction, a number of other cyclic unsaturated compounds can act as substrates, but more slowly.

reaction:
thiomorpholine 3-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 3,4-dehydro-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R04339 R04340]


entry: 1.5.1.27
name: --- - 1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase (NADPH) - 1,2-dehydroreticulinium ion reductase
sysname: (R)-reticuline:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)-reticuline + NADP+ = 1,2-dehydroreticulinium + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04695]
iubmb_reaction: R04695
comment:
Reduces the 1,2-dehydroreticulinium ion to (R)-reticuline, which is a direct precursor of morphinan alkaloids in the poppy plant. The enzyme does not catalyse the reverse reaction to any significant extent under physiological conditions.


entry: 1.5.1.28
sysname: (2S)-2-{[1-(R)-carboxyethyl]amino}pentanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-aminopentanoate-forming)
iubmb_reaction: R03732
name:
--- 
- opine dehydrogenase
- (2S)-2-{[1-(R)-carboxyethyl]amino}pentanoate dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-aminopentanoate-forming)

comment:
in the forward direction, the enzyme from Arthrobacter sp. acts also on secondary amine dicarboxylates such as N-(1-carboxyethyl)methionine and N-(1-carboxyethyl)phenylalanine. Dehydrogenation forms an imine, which dissociates to the amino acid and pyruvate. In the reverse direction, the enzyme acts also on neutral amino acids as an amino donor. They include L-amino acids such as 2-aminopentanoic acid, 2-aminobutyric acid, 2-aminohexanoic acid, 3-chloroalanine, O-acetylserine, methionine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine and alanine. The amino acceptors include 2-oxoacids such as pyruvate, oxaloacetate, glyoxylate and 2-oxobutyrate.

reaction:
(2S)-2-{[1-(R)-carboxyethyl]amino}pentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = L-2-aminopentanoic acid + pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R03732]


entry: 1.5.1.29
sysname: FMNH2:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: FMNH2 + NAD(P)+ = FMN + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R05705 R05706]
iubmb_reaction: R05705 R05706
name:
--- 
- FMN reductase
- NAD(P)H-FMN reductase
- NAD(P)H-dependent FMN reductase
- NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase
- NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase
- NAD(P)H2 dehydrogenase (FMN)
- NAD(P)H2:FMN oxidoreductase
- SsuE
- riboflavin mononucleotide reductase
- flavine mononucleotide reductase
- riboflavin mononucleotide (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) reductase
- flavin mononucleotide reductase
- riboflavine mononucleotide reductase

comment:
The enzyme from luminescent bacteria and the SsuE enzyme from Escherichia coli also reduce riboflavin and FAD, but more slowly. In E. coli, this enzyme, in conjunction with EC 1.14.14.5, alkanesulfonate monooxygenase, forms a two-component alkanesulfonate monooxygenase, which allows for utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate and cysteine starvation.


entry: 1.5.1.30
sysname: reduced-riboflavin:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: reduced riboflavin + NADP+ = riboflavin + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05707]
iubmb_reaction: R05707
name:
--- 
- flavin reductase
- NADPH:flavin oxidoreductase
- riboflavin mononucleotide (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- flavin mononucleotide reductase
- flavine mononucleotide reductase
- FMN reductase (NADPH)
- NADPH-dependent FMN reductase
- NADPH-flavin reductase
- NADPH-FMN reductase
- NADPH-specific FMN reductase
- riboflavin mononucleotide reductase
- riboflavine mononucleotide reductase
- NADPH2 dehydrogenase (flavin)
- NADPH2:riboflavin oxidoreductase

comment:
The enzyme from Entamoeba histolytica reduces riboflavin and galactoflavin, and, more slowly, FMN and FAD. NADH is oxidized more slowly than NADPH.


entry: 1.5.1.31
name: --- - berberine reductase - (R)-canadine synthase
sysname: (R)-tetrahydroberberine:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: (R)-canadine + 2 NADP+ = berberine + 2 NADPH + H+ [RN:R07169]
iubmb_reaction: R07169
comment:
Involved in alkaloid biosynthesis in Corydalis cava to give (R)-canadine with the opposite configuration to the precursor of berberine (see EC 1.3.3.8 tetrahydroberberine oxidase). Also acts on 7,8-dihydroberberine.


entry: 1.5.1.33
name: --- - pteridine reductase - PTR1 - pteridine reductase 1
sysname: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP+ = biopterin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ [RN:R01812]
iubmb_reaction: R01812
comment:
The enzyme from Leishmania (both amastigote and promastigote forms) catalyses the reduction by NADPH of folate and a wide variety of unconjugated pterins, including biopterin, to their tetrahydro forms. It also catalyses the reduction of 7,8-dihydropterins and 7,8-dihydrofolate to their tetrahydro forms. In contrast to EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) and EC 1.5.1.34 (6,7-dihydropteridine reductase), pteridine reductase will not catalyse the reduction of the quinonoid form of dihydrobiopterin. The enzyme is specific for NADPH; no activity has been detected with NADH. It also differs from EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) in being specific for the B side of NADPH.


entry: 1.5.1.34
sysname: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine:NAD(P)H+ oxidoreductase
reaction: a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + NAD(P)+ = a 6,7-dihydropteridine + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R07354 R07355]
iubmb_reaction: R07354 > R01793; R07355 > R01794
name:
--- 
- 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase
- 6,7-dihydropteridine:NAD(P)H oxidoreductase
- DHPR
- NAD(P)H2:6,7-dihydropteridine oxidoreductase
- NADH-dihydropteridine reductase
- NADPH-dihydropteridine reductase
- NADPH-specific dihydropteridine reductase
- dihydropteridine (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) reductase
- dihydropteridine reductase
- dihydropteridine reductase (NADH)
- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine:NAD(P)H+ oxidoreductase

comment:
The substrate is the quinonoid form of dihydropteridine. Not identical with EC 1.5.1.3 dihydrofolate reductase.


entry: 1.5.1.35
name: --- - 1-pyrroline dehydrogenase - gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase - ABALDH - YdcW
sysname: 1-pyrroline:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 1-pyrroline + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R02549]
iubmb_reaction: R02549
comment:
1-Pyrroline forms spontaneously from 4-aminobutanal, produced by EC 2.6.1.82, putrescine aminotransferase. This enzyme forms part of the arginine-catabolism pathway [3].


entry: 1.5.1.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 2-Oxoadipate + NH3 + NAD+ <=> 2-Aminomuconate + NADH + H+ + H2O [RN:R01937]; (2) 2-Oxoadipate + NH3 + NADP+ <=> 2-Aminomuconate + NADPH + H+ + H2O [RN:R01938]


entry: 1.5.3.1
name: --- - sarcosine oxidase
sysname: sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
reaction: sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glycine + formaldehyde + H2O2 [RN:R00610]
iubmb_reaction: R00610
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). The flavin is both covalently and non-covalently bound in a molar ratio of 1:1.


entry: 1.5.3.4
sysname: N6-methyl-L-lysine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
reaction: N6-methyl-L-lysine + H2O + O2 = L-lysine + formaldehyde + H2O2 [RN:R00612]
iubmb_reaction: R00612
name:
--- 
- N6-methyl-lysine oxidase
- epsilon-alkyl-L-lysine:oxygen oxidoreductase
- N6-methyllysine oxidase
- epsilon-N-methyllysine demethylase
- epsilon-alkyllysinase


entry: 1.5.3.5
sysname: (S)-6-hydroxynicotine:oxygen oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
iubmb_reaction: R03202
name:
--- 
- (S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
- L-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
- 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase
- 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine:oxygen oxidoreductase

reaction:
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2 [RN:R03202]


entry: 1.5.3.6
name: --- - (R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase - D-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase - 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase
sysname: (R)-6-hydroxynicotine:oxygen oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
iubmb_reaction: R07170
reaction:
(R)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2 [RN:R07170]


entry: 1.5.3.8
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: now included with EC 1.3.3.8 tetrahydroberberine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.8 created 1989, deleted 1992)


entry: 1.5.3.9
name: --- - Transferred to 1.21.3.3
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.21.3.3, reticuline oxidase (EC 1.5.3.9 created 1989, modified 1999, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.5.3.12
name: --- - dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase
sysname: dihydrobenzophenanthridine:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04703 R04706 R04768
comment:
a Cu(II) enzyme found in higher plants that produces oxidized forms of the benzophenanthridine alkaloids

reaction:
(1) dihydrosanguinarine + O2 = sanguinarine + H2O2 [RN:R04703]; (2) dihydrochelirubine + O2 = chelirubine + H2O2 [RN:R04706]; (3) dihydromacarpine + O2 = macarpine + H2O2 [RN:R04768]


entry: 1.5.4.1
sysname: pyrimidodiazepine:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase (ring-opening, cyclizing)
iubmb_reaction: R03984
name:
--- 
- pyrimidodiazepine synthase
- PDA synthase
- pyrimidodiazepine:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase (ring-opening, cyclizing)

comment:
In the reverse direction of reaction, the reduction of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin is accompanied by the opening of the 6-membered pyrazine ring and the formation of the 7-membered diazepine ring. The pyrimidodiazepine involved is an acetyldihydro derivative. Involved in the formation of the eye pigment drosopterin in Drosophila melanogaster.

reaction:
a pyrimidodiazepine + glutathione disulfide = 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione [RN:R03984]


entry: 1.5.5.1
sysname: electron-transferring-flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase
comment: An iron-sulfur flavoprotein, forming part of the mitochondrial electron-transfer system.
iubmb_reaction: R04433
name:
--- 
- electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
- ETF-QO
- ETF:ubiquinone oxidoreductase
- electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase
- electron transfer flavoprotein Q oxidoreductase
- electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase
- electron transfer flavoprotein reductase

reaction:
reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein + ubiquinone = electron-transferring flavoprotein + ubiquinol [RN:R04433]


entry: 1.5.7.1
name: --- - methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (ferredoxin) - 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
sysname: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R01217
comment:
An iron-sulfur flavoprotein that also contains zinc. The enzyme from Clostridium formicoaceticum catalyses the reduction of methylene blue, menadione, benzyl viologen, rubredoxin or FAD with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin or FADH2 with 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. However, unlike EC 1.5.1.20, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H], there is no activity with NAD(P)H.

reaction:
5-methyltetrahydrofolate + oxidized ferredoxin = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + reduced ferredoxin [RN:R01217]


entry: 1.5.8.1
name: --- - dimethylamine dehydrogenase
sysname: dimethylamine:electron-transferring flavoprotein oxidoreductase
comment: Contains FAD and a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
iubmb_reaction: R01588
reaction:
dimethylamine + H2O + electron-transferring flavoprotein = methylamine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein [RN:R01588]


entry: 1.5.8.2
name: --- - trimethylamine dehydrogenase
sysname: trimethylamine:electron-transferring flavoprotein oxidoreductase (demethylating)
iubmb_reaction: R02511
comment:
A number of alkyl-substituted derivatives of trimethylamine can also act as electron donors; phenazine methosulfate and 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as electron acceptors. Contains FAD and a [4Fe-4S] cluster.

reaction:
trimethylamine + H2O + electron-transferring flavoprotein = dimethylamine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein [RN:R02511]


entry: 1.5.99.1
sysname: sarcosine:acceptor oxidoreductase (demethylating)
comment: A flavoprotein (FMN).
reaction: sarcosine + acceptor + H2O = glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R00611]
iubmb_reaction: R00611
name:
--- 
- sarcosine dehydrogenase
- sarcosine N-demethylase
- monomethylglycine dehydrogenase
- sarcosine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (demethylating)


entry: 1.5.99.2
sysname: N,N-dimethylglycine:acceptor oxidoreductase (demethylating)
comment: A flavoprotein.
reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + acceptor + H2O = sarcosine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R01565]
iubmb_reaction: R01565
name:
--- 
- dimethylglycine dehydrogenase
- N,N-dimethylglycine oxidase
- N,N-dimethylglycine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (demethylating)


entry: 1.5.99.4
sysname: nicotine:acceptor 6-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
comment: A metalloprotein (FMN). Acts on both (R)- and (S)-isomers.
reaction: nicotine + acceptor + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + reduced acceptor [RN:R02860]
iubmb_reaction: R02860
name:
--- 
- nicotine dehydrogenase
- nicotine oxidase
- D-nicotine oxidase
- nicotine:(acceptor) 6-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)


entry: 1.5.99.5
sysname: N-methyl-L-glutamate:acceptor oxidoreductase (demethylating)
reaction: N-methyl-L-glutamate + acceptor + H2O = L-glutamate + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor [RN:R00609]
iubmb_reaction: R00609
name:
--- 
- methylglutamate dehydrogenase
- N-methylglutamate dehydrogenase
- N-methyl-L-glutamate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (demethylating)

comment:
A number of N-methyl-substituted amino acids can act as donor; 2,6-dichloroindophenol is the best acceptor.


entry: 1.5.99.6
name: --- - spermidine dehydrogenase - spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase
sysname: spermidine:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: spermidine + acceptor + H2O = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + reduced acceptor [RN:R01915]
iubmb_reaction: R01915 > R01914
comment:
A flavohemoprotein (FAD). Ferricyanide, 2,6-dichloroindophenol and cytochrome c can act as acceptor. 4-Aminobutanal condenses non-enzymically to 1-pyrroline.


entry: 1.5.99.7
name: --- - Transferred to 1.5.8.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.5.8.2, trimethylamine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.7 created 1976, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.5.99.9
sysname: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme-F420 oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04456
name:
--- 
- methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
- N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase

comment:
Coenzyme F420 is a 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin derivative; methanopterin is a pterin analogue. The enzyme is involved in the formation of methane from CO2 in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.

reaction:
5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 = 5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420 [RN:R04456]


entry: 1.5.99.10
name: --- - Transferred to 1.5.8.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.5.8.1, dimethylamine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.10 created 1999, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.5.99.11
sysname: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme-F420 oxidoreductase
comment: Catalyses an intermediate step in methanogenesis from CO2 and H2 in bacteria.
iubmb_reaction: R04464
name:
--- 
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase
- 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase
- N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase
- methylene-H4MPT reductase
- coenzyme F420-dependent N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase
- N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme-F420 oxidoreductase

reaction:
5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420 [RN:R04464]


entry: 1.5.99.12
name: --- - cytokinin dehydrogenase - N6-dimethylallyladenine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase
sysname: N6-dimethylallyladenine:acceptor oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05708
comment:
A flavoprotein(FAD). Converts zeatin and related cytokinins. Catalyses the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N6-substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is a dimethylallyl or other prenyl group. Although this activity was previously thought to be catalysed by a hydrogen-peroxide-forming oxidase, this enzyme does not require oxygen for activity and does not form hydrogen peroxide. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol, methylene blue, nitroblue tetrazolium, phenazine methosulfate and Cu(II) in the presence of imidazole can act as acceptors.

reaction:
N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced acceptor [RN:R05708]


entry: 1.6.1.1
sysname: NADPH:NAD+ oxidoreductase (B-specific)
reaction: NADPH + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH [RN:R00112]
iubmb_reaction: R00112
name:
--- 
- NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific)
- pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase
- transhydrogenase
- NAD(P) transhydrogenase
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) transhydrogenase
- NAD transhydrogenase
- NADH transhydrogenase
- nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase
- NADPH-NAD transhydrogenase
- pyridine nucleotide transferase
- NADPH-NAD oxidoreductase
- NADH-NADP-transhydrogenase
- NADPH:NAD+ transhydrogenase
- H+-Thase
- non-energy-linked transhydrogenase
- NAD(P) transhydrogenase (B-specific)

comment:
The enzyme from Azotobacter vinelandii is a flavoprotein (FAD). It is B-specific with respect to both NAD+ and NADP+. Also acts on deamino coenzymes [cf. EC 1.6.1.2 NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific)].


entry: 1.6.1.2
sysname: NADPH:NAD+ oxidoreductase (AB-specific)
reaction: NADPH + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH [RN:R00112]
iubmb_reaction: R00112
name:
--- 
- NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific)
- pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase
- transhydrogenase
- NAD(P) transhydrogenase
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) transhydrogenase
- NAD transhydrogenase
- NADH transhydrogenase
- nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase
- NADPH-NAD transhydrogenase
- pyridine nucleotide transferase
- NADPH-NAD oxidoreductase
- NADH-NADP-transhydrogenase
- NADPH:NAD+ transhydrogenase
- H+-Thase
- energy-linked transhydrogenase
- NAD(P) transhydrogenase (AB-specific)

comment:
The enzyme from heart mitochondria is A-specific with respect to NAD+ and B-specific with respect to NADP+ [cf. EC 1.6.1.1 NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific)].


entry: 1.6.2.2
sysname: NADH:ferricytochrome-b5 oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b5 = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 [RN:R00100]
iubmb_reaction: R00100
name:
--- 
- cytochrome-b5 reductase
- cytochrome b5 reductase
- dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome b5 reductase
- reduced nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide-cytochrome b5 reductase
- NADH-ferricytochrome b5 oxidoreductase
- NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase
- NADH 5alpha-reductase
- NADH-cytochrome-b5 reductase


entry: 1.6.2.4
sysname: NADPH:hemoprotein oxidoreductase
reaction: NADPH + H+ + n oxidized hemoprotein = NADP+ + n reduced hemoprotein
iubmb_reaction: (other) R00106
kegg_reaction: R00106
name:
--- 
- NADPH-hemoprotein reductase
- CPR
- FAD-cytochrome c reductase
- NADP-cytochrome c reductase
- NADP-cytochrome reductase
- NADPH-dependent cytochrome c reductase
- NADPH:P-450 reductase
- NADPH:ferrihemoprotein oxidoreductase
- NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase
- NADPH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- NADPH-cytochrome c reductase
- NADPH-cytochrome p-450 reductase
- NADPH-ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase
- NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase
- TPNH2 cytochrome c reductase
- TPNH-cytochrome c reductase
- aldehyde reductase (NADPH-dependent)
- cytochrome P-450 reductase
- cytochrome c reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH, NADPH-dependent)
- dihydroxynicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase
- ferrihemoprotein P-450 reductase
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase
- reductase, cytochrome c (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

comment:
A flavoprotein (FMN, FAD) containing both FMN and FAD. The number n in the equation is 1 if the hemoprotein undergoes a 2-electron reduction, and is 2 if it undergoes a 1-electron reduction. The enzyme catalyses the reduction of the heme-thiolate-dependent monooxygenases, such as EC 1.14.14.1, unspecific monooxygenase and reduction of EC 1.14.99.3, heme oxygenase (decyclizing). It is part of the microsomal hydroxylating system. It also reduces cytochrome b5 and cytochrome c.


entry: 1.6.2.5
sysname: NADPH:ferricytochrome-c2 oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome c2 = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c2 [RN:R00108]
iubmb_reaction: R00108
name:
--- 
- NADPH-cytochrome-c2 reductase
- cytochrome c2 reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
- cytochrome c2 reductase (reduced nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH)


entry: 1.6.3.1
sysname: NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O2 [RN:R07171 R07172]
iubmb_reaction: R07171 R07172
name:
--- 
- NAD(P)H oxidase
- THOX2
- ThOX
- dual oxidase
- p138tox
- thyroid NADPH oxidase
- thyroid oxidase
- thyroid oxidase 2
- NADPH oxidase

comment:
Requires FAD, heme and calcium. When calcium is present, this transmembrane glycoprotein generates H2O2 by transfering electrons from intracellular NAD(P)H to extracellular molecular oxygen. The electron bridge within the enzyme contains one molecule of FAD and probably two heme groups. This flavoprotein is expressed at the apical membrane of thyrocytes, and provides H2O2 for the thyroid peroxidase-catalysed biosynthesis of thyroid hormones.


entry: 1.6.4.2
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.1.7
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.8.1.7, glutathione-disulfide reductase (EC 1.6.4.2 created 1961, modified 1989, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.4.3
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.1.4
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.8.1.4 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.4.3 created 1961, modified 1976, deleted 1983)


entry: 1.6.4.4
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.1.8
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.8.1.8, protein-disulfide reductase (EC 1.6.4.4 created 1965, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.4.5
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.1.9
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.8.1.9, thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (EC 1.6.4.5 created 1972, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.4.6
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.1.10
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.8.1.10, CoA-glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.6 created 1972, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.4.8
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.1.12
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.8.1.12, trypanothione-disulfide reductase (EC 1.6.4.8 created 1989, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.4.9
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.1.13
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.8.1.13, bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase (EC 1.6.4.9 created 1992, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.4.10
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.1.14
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.8.1.14, CoA-disulfide reductase (EC 1.6.4.10 created 1992, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.5.2
sysname: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase
reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a hydroquinone [RN:R07358 R07359]
iubmb_reaction: R07358 > R03643; R07359
name:
--- 
- NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)
- menadione reductase
- phylloquinone reductase
- quinone reductase
- dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate, quinone)
- DT-diaphorase
- flavoprotein NAD(P)H-quinone reductase
- menadione oxidoreductase
- NAD(P)H dehydrogenase
- NAD(P)H menadione reductase
- NAD(P)H-quinone dehydrogenase
- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase
- "NAD(P)H: (quinone-acceptor)oxidoreductase"
- "NAD(P)H: menadione oxidoreductase"
- NADH-menadione reductase
- naphthoquinone reductase
- p-benzoquinone reductase
- reduced NAD(P)H dehydrogenase
- viologen accepting pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductase
- vitamin K reductase
- diaphorase
- reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) dehydrogenase
- vitamin-K reductase
- NAD(P)H2 dehydrogenase (quinone)
- NQO1
- QR1
- NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein. The enzyme catalyses a two-electron reduction and has a preference for short-chain acceptor quinones, such as ubiquinone, benzoquinone, juglone and duroquinone [6]. The animal, but not the plant, form of the enzyme is inhibited by dicoumarol.


entry: 1.6.5.3
sysname: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase
reaction: NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol [RN:R02163]
iubmb_reaction: R02163
kegg_reaction: R02166
name:
--- 
- NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)
- ubiquinone reductase
- type 1 dehydrogenase
- complex 1 dehydrogenase
- coenzyme Q reductase
- complex I (electron transport chain)
- complex I (mitochondrial electron transport)
- complex I (NADH:Q1 oxidoreductase)
- dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase
- DPNH-coenzyme Q reductase
- DPNH-ubiquinone reductase
- mitochondrial electron transport complex 1
- mitochondrial electron transport complex I
- NADH coenzyme Q1 reductase
- NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase
- NADH-coenzyme Q reductase
- NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase
- NADH-CoQ reductase
- NADH-ubiquinone reductase
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase
- NADH-ubiquinone-1 reductase
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase
- NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex
- NADH-Q6 oxidoreductase
- electron transfer complex I
- NADH2 dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)

comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD) containing iron-sulfur centres. The complex, present in mitochondria, can be degraded to form EC 1.6.99.3, NADH dehydrogenase.


entry: 1.6.5.4
sysname: NADH:monodehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 monodehydroascorbate = NAD+ + 2 ascorbate [RN:R00095]
iubmb_reaction: R00095
name:
--- 
- monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH)
- NADH:semidehydroascorbic acid oxidoreductase
- MDHA
- semidehydroascorbate reductase
- AFR
- AFR-reductase
- ascorbic free radical reductase
- ascorbate free radical reductase
- SOR
- MDAsA reductase (NADPH)
- SDA reductase
- NADH:ascorbate radical oxidoreductase
- NADH-semidehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
- ascorbate free-radical reductase
- NADH:AFR oxidoreductase
- monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH2)


entry: 1.6.5.5
name: --- - NADPH:quinone reductase - NADPH2:quinone reductase
sysname: NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase
reaction: NADPH + H+ + quinone = NADP+ + semiquinone [RN:R02364]
iubmb_reaction: R02364
comment:
a zinc enzyme, specific for NADPH. Catalyses the one-electron reduction of certain quinones; orthoquinones are the best substrates. Dicoumarol [cf. EC 1.6.5.2 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] and nitrofurantoin are competitive inhibitors with respect to the quinone substrate. In some mammals the enzyme is abundant in the lens of the eye, where it is identified with the protein zeta-crystallin.


entry: 1.6.5.7
sysname: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone:NADH oxidoreductase
reaction: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + NADH + H+ = 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene + NAD+ [RN:R05399]
iubmb_reaction: R05399
name:
--- 
- 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone reductase
- hydroxybenzoquinone reductase
- 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene:NAD oxidoreductase
- NADH:2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein (FMN) that differs in substrate specificity from other quinone reductases. The enzyme in Burkholderia cepacia is inducible by 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate.


entry: 1.6.5.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Menaquinone + 2 H+ <=> Menaquinol [RN:R02964]; (2) Phylloquinone + 2 H+ <=> Phylloquinol [RN:R03816]


entry: 1.6.6.2
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.1.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.7.1.2, nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] (EC 1.6.6.2 created 1961, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.6.3
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.1.3
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.7.1.3, nitrate reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.6.6.3 created 1961, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.6.4
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.1.4
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.7.1.4, nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] (EC 1.6.6.4 created 1961, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.6.9
sysname: NADH:trimethylamine-N-oxide oxidoreductase
reaction: NADH + H+ + trimethylamine N-oxide = NAD+ + trimethylamine + H2O [RN:R02559]
iubmb_reaction: R02559
kegg_reaction: R02560
name:
--- 
- trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase
- trimethylamine N-oxide reductase
- trimethylamine oxide reductase
- TMAO reductase
- TOR


entry: 1.6.6.10
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.1.9
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.7.1.9, nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase (EC 1.6.6.10 created 1972, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.6.11
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.1.10
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.7.1.10, hydroxylamine reductase (NADH) (EC 1.6.6.11 created 1972, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.6.12
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.1.11
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.7.1.11, 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene reductase (EC 1.6.6.12 created 1989, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.6.13
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.1.12
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.7.1.12, N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase (EC 1.6.6.13 created 1989, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.6.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) 4-Aminobenzenesulfonate + 4-Aminobenzoate <=> 4-Carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene + 4 H+ [RN:R05277]; (2) Nitrosobenzene + NADPH + H+ <=> N-Hydroxyarylamine + NADP+ [RN:R05400]; (3) Nitrobenzene + NADPH + H+ <=> Nitrosobenzene + NADP+ + H2O [RN:R05401]


entry: 1.6.7.1
name: --- - Transferred to 1.18.1.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.18.1.2 ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (EC 1.6.7.1 created 1972, deleted 1978)


entry: 1.6.7.2
name: --- - Transferred to 1.18.1.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.18.1.1 rubredoxin-NAD+ reductase (EC 1.6.7.2 created 1972, deleted 1978)


entry: 1.6.99.1
sysname: NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FMN in yeast, FAD in plants).
reaction: NADPH + H+ + acceptor = NADP+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00282]
iubmb_reaction: R00282
name:
--- 
- NADPH dehydrogenase
- NADPH2 diaphorase
- NADPH diaphorase
- OYE
- diaphorase
- dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase
- NADPH-dehydrogenase
- NADPH-diaphorase
- NADPH2-dehydrogenase
- old yellow enzyme
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase
- TPNH dehydrogenase
- TPNH-diaphorase
- triphosphopyridine diaphorase
- triphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase
- NADPH2 dehydrogenase
- NADPH:(acceptor) oxidoreductase


entry: 1.6.99.2
name: --- - Transferred to 1.6.5.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.6.5.2, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone). The enzyme was erroneously transferred from this sub-subclass in 1965 (EC 1.6.99.2 created 1961 as EC 1.6.5.2, transferred 1965 to EC 1.6.99.2, deleted 2005)


entry: 1.6.99.3
sysname: NADH:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00281]
iubmb_reaction: R00281
name:
--- 
- NADH dehydrogenase
- cytochrome c reductase
- type 1 dehydrogenase
- beta-NADH dehydrogenase dinucleotide
- diaphorase
- dihydrocodehydrogenase I dehydrogenase
- dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase
- diphosphopyridine diaphorase
- DPNH diaphorase
- NADH diaphorase
- NADH hydrogenase
- NADH oxidoreductase
- NADH-menadione oxidoreductase
- reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase
- NADH:cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- NADH2 dehydrogenase
- NADH:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein containing iron-sulfur centres. After preparations have been subjected to certain treatments, cytochrome c may act as an acceptor. Under normal conditions, two protons are extruded from the cytoplasm or the intramitochondrial or stromal compartment. Formerly EC 1.6.2.1; present in a mitochondrial complex as EC 1.6.5.3 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone).


entry: 1.6.99.4
name: --- - Transferred to 1.18.1.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.18.1.2 ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (EC 1.6.99.4 created 1965, deleted 1972)


entry: 1.6.99.5
sysname: NADH:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase
reaction: NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00281]
iubmb_reaction: R00281
name:
--- 
- NADH dehydrogenase (quinone)
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (quinone) dehydrogenase
- NADH-quinone oxidoreductase
- DPNH-menadione reductase
- D-diaphorase
- NADH2 dehydrogenase (quinone)

comment:
Menaquinone can act as acceptor. Inhibited by AMP and 2,4-dinitrophenol but not by dicoumarol or folic acid derivatives.


entry: 1.6.99.6
sysname: NADPH:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase
reaction: NADPH + H+ + acceptor = NADP+ + reduced acceptor [RN:R00282]
iubmb_reaction: R00282
name:
--- 
- NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (quinone) dehydrogenase
- NADPH oxidase
- NADPH2 dehydrogenase (quinone)

comment:
A flavoprotein. Menaquinone can act as acceptor. Inhibited by dicoumarol and folic acid derivatives but not by 2,4-dinitrophenol.


entry: 1.6.99.7
name: --- - Transferred to 1.5.1.34
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.5.1.34 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase. (EC 1.6.99.7 created 1972, modified 1981 (EC 1.6.99.10 created 1978, incorporated 1981), deleted 2003)


entry: 1.6.99.8
name: --- - Transferred to 1.16.1.3
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.16.1.3, aquacobalamin reductase (EC 1.6.99.8 created 1972, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.99.9
name: --- - Transferred to 1.16.1.4
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.16.1.4, cob(II)alamin reductase (EC 1.6.99.9 created 1972, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.99.11
name: --- - Transferred to 1.16.1.5
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.16.1.5, aquacobalamin reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.6.99.11 created 1989, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.99.12
name: --- - Transferred to 1.16.1.6
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.16.1.6, cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating) (EC 1.6.99.12 created 1989, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.6.99.13
name: --- - Transferred to 1.16.1.7
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.16.1.7, ferric-chelate reductase (EC 1.6.99.13 created 1992, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.7.1.1
sysname: nitrite:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: An iron-sulfur molybdenum flavoprotein.
reaction: nitrite + NAD+ + H2O = nitrate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00794]
iubmb_reaction: R00794
name:
--- 
- nitrate reductase (NADH)
- assimilatory nitrate reductase
- NADH-nitrate reductase
- NADH-dependent nitrate reductase
- "assimilatory NADH: nitrate reductase"
- nitrate reductase (NADH2)
- NADH2:nitrate oxidoreductase


entry: 1.7.1.2
sysname: nitrite:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
comment: An iron-sulfur molybdenum flavoprotein.
reaction: nitrite + NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00794 R00796]
iubmb_reaction: R00794 R00796
name:
--- 
- nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H]
- assimilatory nitrate reductase
- assimilatory NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase
- NAD(P)H bispecific nitrate reductase
- nitrate reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
- nitrate reductase NAD(P)H
- NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase
- nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H2]
- NAD(P)H2:nitrate oxidoreductase


entry: 1.7.1.3
sysname: nitrite:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: An iron-sulfur molybdenum flavoprotein.
reaction: nitrite + NADP+ + H2O = nitrate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00796]
iubmb_reaction: R00796
name:
--- 
- nitrate reductase (NADPH)
- assimilatory nitrate reductase
- assimilatory reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-nitrate reductase
- NADPH-nitrate reductase
- assimilatory NADPH-nitrate reductase
- triphosphopyridine nucleotide-nitrate reductase
- NADPH:nitrate reductase
- nitrate reductase (NADPH2)
- NADPH2:nitrate oxidoreductase


entry: 1.7.1.4
sysname: ammonium-hydroxide:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
comment: An iron-sulfur heme flavoprotein containing siroheme.
reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NAD(P)H + 3 H+ [RN:R00787 R00789]
iubmb_reaction: R00787 R00789
name:
--- 
- nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H]
- nitrite reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
- NADH-nitrite oxidoreductase
- NADPH-nitrite reductase
- assimilatory nitrite reductase
- nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H2]
- NAD(P)H2:nitrite oxidoreductase


entry: 1.7.1.6
sysname: N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, aniline:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R05711
name:
--- 
- azobenzene reductase
- new coccine (NC)-reductase
- NC-reductase
- azo-dye reductase
- orange II azoreductase
- NAD(P)H:1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol oxidoreductase
- orange I azoreductase
- azo reductase
- azoreductase
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) azoreductase
- NADPH2-dependent azoreductase
- dimethylaminobenzene reductase
- p-dimethylaminoazobenzene azoreductase
- dibromopropylaminophenylazobenzoic azoreductase
- N,N-dimethyl-4-phenylazoaniline azoreductase
- p-aminoazobenzene reductase
- methyl red azoreductase
- NADPH2:4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene oxidoreductase

comment:
The reaction occurs in the reverse direction to that shown above. Other azo dyes, such as Methyl Red, Rocceline, Solar Orange and Sumifix Black B can also be reduced [2].

reaction:
N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05711]


entry: 1.7.1.7
sysname: inosine-5'-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (aminating)
reaction: inosine 5'-phosphate + NH3 + NADP+ = guanosine 5'-phosphate + NADPH + H+ [RN:R01134]
iubmb_reaction: R01134
name:
--- 
- GMP reductase
- guanosine 5'-monophosphate reductase
- NADPH:GMP oxidoreductase (deaminating)
- guanosine monophosphate reductase
- guanylate reductase
- NADPH2:guanosine-5'-phosphate oxidoreductase (deaminating)
- guanosine 5'-phosphate reductase


entry: 1.7.1.8
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: withdrawn in the light of further information on the acceptor (EC 1.7.1.8 created 2002, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.7.1.9
sysname: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04228 R04229
name:
--- 
- nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase
- 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide reductase
- 4NQO reductase
- NAD(P)H2:4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide oxidoreductase

reaction:
4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ [RN:R04228 R04229]


entry: 1.7.1.10
sysname: ammonium:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on some hydroxamates.
reaction: NH3 + NAD+ + H2O = hydroxylamine + NADH + H+ [RN:R00143]
iubmb_reaction: R00143
name:
--- 
- hydroxylamine reductase (NADH)
- hydroxylamine reductase
- ammonium dehydrogenase
- NADH-hydroxylamine reductase
- N-hydroxy amine reductase
- hydroxylamine reductase (NADH2)
- NADH2:hydroxylamine oxidoreductase


entry: 1.7.1.11
sysname: 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazobenzene:NADP+ oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04303
name:
--- 
- 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene reductase
- N,N-dimethyl-p-aminoazobenzene oxide reductase
- dimethylaminoazobenzene N-oxide reductase
- NADPH-dependent DMAB N-oxide reductase
- NADPH2:4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene oxidoreductase

reaction:
4-(dimethylamino)phenylazobenzene + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene + NADPH + H+ [RN:R04303]


entry: 1.7.1.12
sysname: 2-acetamidofluorene:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on N-hydroxy-4-acetamidobiphenyl.
iubmb_reaction: R04046 R04047
name:
--- 
- N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase
- N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene reductase
- NAD(P)H2:N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene N-oxidoreductase

reaction:
2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)+ + H2O = N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R04046 R04047]


entry: 1.7.1.13
sysname: queuine:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: queuine + 2 NADP+ = 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine + 2 NADPH
name:
--- 
- queuine synthase
- YkvM
- QueF
- preQ0 reductase
- preQ0 oxidoreductase
- 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine reductase
- 7-aminomethyl-7-carbaguanine:NADP+ oxidoreductase

comment:
The reaction occurs in the reverse direction. This enzyme catalyses one of the later steps in the synthesis of queosine (Q-tRNA), following on from the action of EC 2.4.2.29, queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase. Queosine is found in the wobble position of tRNA(GUN) in Eukarya and Bacteria [2] and is thought to be involved in translational modulation. The enzyme is not a GTP cyclohydrolase, as was thought previously based on sequence-homology studies.


entry: 1.7.2.1
sysname: nitric-oxide:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
reaction: nitric oxide + H2O + ferricytochrome c = nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+ [RN:R00783]
iubmb_reaction: R00783 > R00784
kegg_reaction: R00082 R00280 R00785
name:
--- 
- nitrite reductase (NO-forming)
- cd-cytochrome nitrite reductase
- "[nitrite reductase (cytochrome)] [misleading, see comments.]"
- cytochrome c-551:O2, NO2+ oxidoreductase
- cytochrome cd
- cytochrome cd1
- hydroxylamine (acceptor) reductase
- methyl viologen-nitrite reductase
- nitrite reductase (cytochrome
- NO-forming)

comment:
The reaction is catalysed by two types of enzymes, found in the perimplasm of denitrifying bacteria. One type comprises proteins containing multiple copper centres, the other a heme protein, cytochrome cd1. Acceptors include c-type cytochromes such as cytochrome c-550 or cytochrome c-551 from Paracoccus denitrificans or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and small blue copper proteins such as azurin and pseudoazurin. Cytochrome cd1 also has oxidase and hydroxylamine reductase activities. May also catalyse the reaction of hydroxylamine reductase (EC 1.7.99.1) since this is a well-known activity of cytochrome cd1.


entry: 1.7.2.2
sysname: ammonia:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 ferricytochrome c = nitrite + 6 ferrocytochrome c + 7 H+ [RN:R05712]
iubmb_reaction: R05712
name:
--- 
- nitrite reductase (cytochrome
- ammonia-forming)
- cytochrome c nitrite reductase
- multiheme nitrite reductase

comment:
Found as a multiheme cytochrome in many bacteria. The enzyme from Escherichia coli contains five hemes c and requires Ca2+. It also reduces nitric oxide and hydroxylamine to ammonia, and sulfite to sulfide.


entry: 1.7.2.3
name: --- - trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) - TMAO reductase - TOR
sysname: trimethylamine:cytochrome c oxidoreductase
comment:
The cytochrome c involved in photosynthetic bacteria is a pentahaem protein. Contains bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum cofactor. The reductant is a membrane-bound multiheme cytochrome c. Also reduces dimethyl sulfoxide to dimethyl sulfide.

reaction:
trimethylamine + 2 (ferricytochrome c)-subunit + H2O = trimethylamine N-oxide + 2 (ferrocytochrome c)-subunit + 2 H+


entry: 1.7.3.3
name: --- - urate oxidase - uric acid oxidase - uricase - uricase II
sysname: urate:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: urate + O2 + H2O = 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O2 [RN:R02106]
iubmb_reaction: R02106
comment:
This enzyme was previously thought to be a copper protein, but it is now known that the enzymes from soy bean (Glycine max), the mould Aspergillus flavus and Bacillus subtilus contains no copper nor any other transition-metal ion. The 5-hydroxyisourate formed decomposes spontaneously to form allantoin and CO2, although there is an enzyme-catalysed pathway in which EC 3.5.2.17, hydroxyisourate hydrolase, catalyses the first step.


entry: 1.7.3.5
name: --- - 3-aci-nitropropanoate oxidase - propionate-3-nitronate oxidase
sysname: 3-aci-nitropropanoate:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: 3-aci-nitropropanoate + O2 + H2O = 3-oxopropanoate + nitrite + H2O2 [RN:R01609]
iubmb_reaction: R01609
comment:
A flavoprotein (FMN). The primary products of the enzymic reaction are probably the nitropropanoate free radical and superoxide. Also acts, more slowly, on 4-aci-nitrobutanoate.


entry: 1.7.7.2
sysname: nitrite:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
comment: A molybdenum-iron-sulfur protein.
reaction: nitrite + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrate + 2 reduced ferredoxin [RN:R00791]
iubmb_reaction: R00791
name:
--- 
- ferredoxin-nitrate reductase
- assimilatory nitrate reductase
- nitrate (ferredoxin) reductase
- assimilatory ferredoxin-nitrate reductase


entry: 1.7.7.-
name: --- []
reaction:
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate + Reduced ferredoxin <=> 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate + Oxidized ferredoxin [RN:R01217]


entry: 1.7.99.1
sysname: ammonia:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: NH3 + H2O + acceptor = hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor [RN:R00284]
iubmb_reaction: R00284 > R00143
name:
--- 
- hydroxylamine reductase
- hydroxylamine (acceptor) reductase
- ammonia:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein. Reduced pyocyanine, methylene blue and flavins act as donors for the reduction of hydroxylamine. May be identical to EC 1.7.2.1, nitrite reductase (NO-forming).


entry: 1.7.99.2
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: nitric-oxide reductase. Reaction may have been due to the combined action of EC 1.7.99.6 nitrous-oxide reductase and EC 1.7.99.7 nitric-oxide reductase (EC 1.7.99.2 created 1961, modified 1976, deleted 1992)


entry: 1.7.99.3
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.2.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now included with EC 1.7.2.1, nitrite reductase (NO-forming) (EC 1.7.99.3 created 1961 as EC 1.6.6.5, transferred 1964 to EC 1.7.99.3, modified 1976, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.7.99.4
sysname: nitrite:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00798]
iubmb_reaction: R00798
kegg_reaction: R01106 R02165
name:
--- 
- nitrate reductase
- respiratory nitrate reductase
- nitrate reductase (acceptor)
- nitrite:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
The Pseudomonas enzyme is a cytochrome, but the enzyme from Micrococcus halodenitrificans is an iron protein containing molybdenum. Reduced benzyl viologen and other dyes bring about the reduction of nitrate.


entry: 1.7.99.5
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2). Now included with EC 1.5.1.20, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]. Based on the reference, it had been thought that this was a separate enzyme from EC 1.5.1.20 but the reference upon which the entry was based has since been disproved. (EC 1.7.99.5 created 1965 as EC 1.1.1.68, transferred 1978 to EC 1.1.99.15, transferred 1980 to EC 1.7.99.5, deleted 2005)


entry: 1.7.99.6
sysname: nitrogen:acceptor oxidoreductase (N2O-forming)
reaction: nitrogen + H2O + acceptor = nitrous oxide + reduced acceptor [RN:R02804]
iubmb_reaction: R02804
name:
--- 
- nitrous-oxide reductase
- nitrous oxide reductase
- N2O reductase
- nitrogen:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (N2O-forming)

comment:
A copper protein. Reduced viologens or methylene blue act as donors for the reduction of nitrous oxide.


entry: 1.7.99.7
sysname: nitrous-oxide:acceptor oxidoreductase (NO-forming)
comment: A heterodimer of cytochromes b and c. Phenazine methosulfate can act as acceptor.
reaction: nitrous oxide + acceptor + H2O = 2 nitric oxide + reduced acceptor [RN:R00294]
iubmb_reaction: R00294
kegg_reaction: R02492
name:
--- 
- nitric-oxide reductase
- nitrogen oxide reductase
- nitrous-oxide:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (NO-forming)


entry: 1.7.99.8
name: --- - hydroxylamine oxidoreductase
sysname: hydroxylamine:acceptor oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R07173 R07174
comment:
The enzyme from anammox bacteria is inhibited by phosphate, oxygen and high nitrite concentrations and is also capable of reducing NO to N2O. Ferricyanide, phenazine methosulfate and methylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide can act as acceptors in this 4-electron transfer reaction.

reaction:
(1) hydroxylamine + NH3 = hydrazine + H2O [RN:R07173]; (2) hydrazine + acceptor = N2 + reduced acceptor [RN:R07174]


entry: 1.8.1.2
sysname: hydrogen-sulfide:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: An iron flavoprotein (FAD and FMN).
reaction: hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ [RN:R00858]
iubmb_reaction: R00858
kegg_reaction: R03596
name:
--- 
- sulfite reductase (NADPH)
- sulfite (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
- NADPH-sulfite reductase
- NADPH-dependent sulfite reductase
- H2S-NADP oxidoreductase
- sulfite reductase (NADPH2)


entry: 1.8.1.4
sysname: protein-N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+
iubmb_reaction: (other) R00209 R00210 R01698 R03815
kegg_reaction: R00209 R00210 R01698 R03815
name:
--- 
- dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
- LDP-Glc
- LDP-Val
- dehydrolipoate dehydrogenase
- diaphorase
- dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
- dihydrolipoamide:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase
- dihydrothioctic dehydrogenase
- lipoamide dehydrogenase (NADH)
- lipoamide oxidoreductase (NADH)
- lipoamide reductase
- lipoamide reductase (NADH)
- lipoate dehydrogenase
- lipoic acid dehydrogenase
- lipoyl dehydrogenase


entry: 1.8.1.5
sysname: 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate,acetoacetate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
iubmb_reaction: R05713
name:
--- 
- 2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating)
- NADPH:2-(2-ketopropylthio)ethanesulfonate oxidoreductase/carboxylase
- NADPH:2-ketopropyl-coenzyme M oxidoreductase/carboxylase

comment:
Also acts on thioethers longer in chain length on the oxo side, e.g. 2-oxobutyl-CoM, but this portion must be attached to CoM (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate); no CoM analogs will substitute. This enzyme forms component II of a four-component enzyme system {comprising EC 4.4.1.23 (2-hydroxypropyl-CoM lyase; component I), EC 1.8.1.5 [2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating); component II], EC 1.1.1.268 [2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase; component III] and EC 1.1.1.269 [2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase; component IV]} that is involved in epoxyalkane carboxylation in Xanthobacter sp. strain Py2.

reaction:
2-mercaptoethanesulfonate + acetoacetate + NADP+ = 2-(2-oxopropylthio)ethanesulfonate + CO2 + NADPH [RN:R05713]


entry: 1.8.1.6
sysname: L-cysteine:NAD+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 L-cysteine + NAD+ = L-cystine + NADH + H+ [RN:R00892]
iubmb_reaction: R00892
name:
--- 
- cystine reductase
- cystine reductase (NADH)
- NADH-dependent cystine reductase
- cystine reductase (NADH2)
- NADH2:L-cystine oxidoreductase


entry: 1.8.1.7
sysname: glutathione:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 glutathione + NADP+ = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00094]
iubmb_reaction: R00094
kegg_reaction: R00115
name:
--- 
- glutathione-disulfide reductase
- glutathione reductase
- glutathione reductase (NADPH)
- NADPH-glutathione reductase
- GSH reductase
- GSSG reductase
- NADPH-GSSG reductase
- glutathione S-reductase
- NADPH:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase

comment:
A dimeric flavoprotein (FAD); activity is dependent on a redox-active disulfide in each of the active centres.


entry: 1.8.1.8
sysname: protein-dithiol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: protein dithiol + NAD(P)+ = protein disulfide + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03913 R03914]
iubmb_reaction: R03913 R03914
name:
--- 
- protein-disulfide reductase
- protein disulphide reductase
- insulin-glutathione transhydrogenase
- disulfide reductase
- NAD(P)H2:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase


entry: 1.8.1.9
sysname: thioredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
reaction: thioredoxin + NADP+ = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02016]
iubmb_reaction: R02016
name:
--- 
- thioredoxin-disulfide reductase
- NADP-thioredoxin reductase
- NADPH-thioredoxin reductase
- thioredoxin reductase (NADPH)
- NADPH2:oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase


entry: 1.8.1.10
sysname: glutathione:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating)
reaction: CoA + glutathione + NADP+ = CoA-glutathione + NADPH + H+ [RN:R05714]
iubmb_reaction: R05714
kegg_reaction: R00116 R00900
name:
--- 
- CoA-glutathione reductase
- coenzyme A glutathione disulfide reductase
- NADPH-dependent coenzyme A-SS-glutathione reductase
- coenzyme A disulfide-glutathione reductase
- NADPH2:CoA-glutathione oxidoreductase

comment:
A flavoprotein. The substrate is a mixed disulfide. May be identical to EC 1.8.1.9, thioredoxin-disulfide reductase.


entry: 1.8.1.11
sysname: 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethylpropanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: Also acts on lipoate.
reaction: 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethylpropanoate + NAD+ = asparagusate + NADH + H+ [RN:R03761]
iubmb_reaction: R03761
name:
--- 
- asparagusate reductase
- asparagusate dehydrogenase
- asparagusic dehydrogenase
- asparagusate reductase (NADH2)
- NADH2:asparagusate oxidoreductase


entry: 1.8.1.12
sysname: trypanothione:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: trypanothione + NADP+ = trypanothione disulfide + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03821]
iubmb_reaction: R03821
name:
--- 
- trypanothione-disulfide reductase
- trypanothione reductase
- NADPH2:trypanothione oxidoreductase

comment:
Trypanothione disulfide is the oxidized form of N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)-spermidine from the insect-parasitic trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. The enzyme from Crithidia fasciculata is a flavoprotein (FAD), whose activity is dependent on a redox-active cystine at the active centre. (cf. EC 1.8.1.7, glutathione-disulfide reductase)


entry: 1.8.1.13
name: --- - bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase - NADPH2:bis-gamma-glutamylcysteine oxidoreductase
sysname: gamma-glutamylcysteine:NADP+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 gamma-glutamylcysteine + NADP+ = bis-gamma-glutamylcystine + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02742]
iubmb_reaction: R02742
comment:
Highly specific. Not identical with EC 1.8.1.7 (glutathione-disulfide reductase) or EC 1.8.1.14 (CoA-disulfide reductase).


entry: 1.8.1.14
sysname: CoA:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 CoA + NAD(P)+ = CoA-disulfide + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00091 R07175]
iubmb_reaction: R00091 R07175
name:
--- 
- CoA-disulfide reductase
- CoA-disulfide reductase (NADH2)
- NADH2:CoA-disulfide oxidoreductase
- CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- CoADR
- coenzyme A disulfide reductase

comment:
A flavoprotein. Not identical with EC 1.8.1.6 (cystine reductase), EC 1.8.1.7 (glutathione-disulfide reductase) or EC 1.8.1.13 (bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase). While the enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus has a strong preference for NADPH [3], that from the thermophilic Archaea Pyrococcus horikoshii can use both NADH and NADPH efficiently [4].


entry: 1.8.2.1
sysname: sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
comment: Associated with cytochrome c-551.
reaction: sulfite + 2 ferricytochrome c + H2O = sulfate + 2 ferrocytochrome c [RN:R00528]
iubmb_reaction: R00528
name:
--- 
- sulfite dehydrogenase
- sulfite cytochrome c reductase
- sulfite-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- sulfite oxidase


entry: 1.8.2.2
sysname: thiosulfate:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 thiosulfate + 2 ferricytochrome c = tetrathionate + 2 ferrocytochrome c [RN:R00029]
iubmb_reaction: R00029
name:
--- 
- thiosulfate dehydrogenase
- tetrathionate synthase
- thiosulfate oxidase
- thiosulfate-oxidizing enzyme
- thiosulfate-acceptor oxidoreductase


entry: 1.8.3.4
sysname: methanethiol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: methanethiol + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + hydrogen sulfide + H2O2 [RN:R01851]
iubmb_reaction: R01851
name:
--- 
- methanethiol oxidase
- methylmercaptan oxidase
- methyl mercaptan oxidase
- (MM)-oxidase
- MT-oxidase


entry: 1.8.3.5
name: --- - prenylcysteine oxidase - prenylcysteine lyase
sysname: S-prenyl-L-cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: an S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2 [RN:R07360]
iubmb_reaction: R07360
comment:
A flavoprotein (FAD). Cleaves the thioether bond of S-prenyl-L-cysteines, such as S-farnesylcysteine and S-geranylgeranylcysteine. N-Acetyl-prenylcysteine and prenylcysteinyl peptides are not substrates. May represent the final step in the degradation of prenylated proteins in mammalian tissues. Originally thought to be a simple lyase so it had been classified as EC 4.4.1.18.


entry: 1.8.4.1
name: --- - glutathione-homocystine transhydrogenase
sysname: glutathione:homocystine oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 glutathione + homocystine = glutathione disulfide + 2 homocysteine [RN:R01110]
iubmb_reaction: R01110 > R01292
kegg_reaction: R00120
comment:
The reactions catalysed by this enzyme and by others in this subclass may be similar to those catalysed by EC 2.5.1.18 glutathione transferase.


entry: 1.8.4.2
sysname: glutathione:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase
comment: Reduces insulin and some other proteins.
reaction: 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione disulfide + protein-dithiol [RN:R03915]
iubmb_reaction: R03915
kegg_reaction: R02824
name:
--- 
- protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione)
- glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase
- insulin reductase
- reductase, protein disulfide (glutathione)
- protein disulfide transhydrogenase
- glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase
- protein disulfide reductase (glutathione)
- GSH-insulin transhydrogenase
- protein-disulfide interchange enzyme
- protein-disulfide isomerase/oxidoreductase
- thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase
- thiol-protein disulphide oxidoreductase


entry: 1.8.4.3
sysname: coenzyme A:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase
reaction: CoA + glutathione disulfide = CoA-glutathione + glutathione [RN:R01111]
iubmb_reaction: R01111
kegg_reaction: R02409 R04860
name:
--- 
- glutathione-CoA-glutathione transhydrogenase
- glutathione-coenzyme A glutathione disulfide transhydrogenase
- glutathione coenzyme A-glutathione transhydrogenase
- glutathione:coenzyme A-glutathione transhydrogenase
- coenzyme A:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase


entry: 1.8.4.4
sysname: glutathione:cystine oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 glutathione + cystine = glutathione disulfide + 2 cysteine [RN:R01109]
iubmb_reaction: R01109 > R01113
kegg_reaction: R00120
name:
--- 
- glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase
- GSH-cystine transhydrogenase
- NADPH-dependent GSH-cystine transhydrogenase


entry: 1.8.4.5
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.4.13 and 1.8.4.14
comment:
Transferred entry: methionine-S-oxide reductase. Now EC 1.8.4.13, L-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase and EC 1.8.4.14, L-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase. (EC 1.8.4.5 created 1984, deleted 2006)


entry: 1.8.4.6
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.4.11
comment:
Transferred entry: protein-methionine-S-oxide reductase. Proved to be due to EC 1.8.4.11, peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase. (EC 1.8.4.6 created 1984, deleted 2006)


entry: 1.8.4.7
sysname: [xanthine-dehydrogenase]:glutathione-disulfide S-oxidoreductase
reaction: [xanthine dehydrogenase] + glutathione disulfide = [xanthine oxidase] + 2 glutathione [RN:R04039]
iubmb_reaction: R04039
name:
--- 
- enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide)
- "[xanthine-dehydrogenase]:oxidized-glutathione S-oxidoreductase"
- enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (oxidized-glutathione)
- glutathione-dependent thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase
- thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase

comment:
Converts EC 1.17.1.4 xanthine dehydrogenase into EC 1.17.3.2 xanthine oxidase in the presence of glutathione disulfide; also reduces the disulfide bond of ricin. Not inhibited by Cu2+ or thiol reagents.


entry: 1.8.4.8
comment: specific for PAPS. The enzyme from Escherichia coli will use thioredoxins from other species.
iubmb_reaction: R02021
name:
--- 
- phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)
- PAPS reductase, thioredoxin-dependent
- PAPS reductase
- thioredoxin:adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate reductase
- 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate reductase
- thioredoxin:3'-phospho-adenylylsulfate reductase
- phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate reductase
- adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate,sulfite:oxidized-thioredoxin oxidoreductase (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)

sysname:
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate,sulfite:thioredoxin-disulfide oxidoreductase (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)

reaction:
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin [RN:R02021]


entry: 1.8.4.9
sysname: AMP,sulfite:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
reaction: AMP + sulfite + glutathione disulfide = adenylyl sulfate + 2 glutathione [RN:R05717]
iubmb_reaction: R05717
name:
--- 
- adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione)
- 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase (also used for EC 1.8.99.2)
- AMP,sulfite:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
- plant-type 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase

comment:
This enzyme differs from EC 1.8.99.2, adenylyl-sulfate reductase (acceptor), in using glutathione as the reductant. Glutathione can be replaced by gamma-glutamylcysteine or dithiothreitol, but not by thioredoxin, glutaredoxin or mercaptoethanol. The enzyme from the mouseear cress, Arabidopsis thaliana, contains a glutaredoxin-like domain. The enzyme is also found in other photosynthetic eukaryotes, e.g., the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus and the hollow green seaweed, Enteromorpha intestinalis.


entry: 1.8.4.10
sysname: AMP,sulfite:thioredoxin-disulfide oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin [RN:R07176]
iubmb_reaction: R07176
name:
--- 
- adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)
- thioredoxin-dependent 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase

comment:
Uses adenylyl sulfate, not phosphoadenylyl sulfate, distinguishing this enzyme from EC 1.8.4.8, phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin). Uses thioredoxin as electron donor, not glutathione or other donors, distinguishing it from EC 1.8.4.9 [adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione)] and EC 1.8.99.2 (adenylyl-sulfate reductase).


entry: 1.8.4.11
sysname: peptide-L-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase [L-methionine (S)-S-oxide-forming]
iubmb_reaction: (other) R04120
kegg_reaction: R04120
name:
--- 
- peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase
- MsrA
- methionine sulfoxide reductase (ambiguous)
- methionine sulphoxide reductase A
- methionine S-oxide reductase (ambiguous)
- methionine S-oxide reductase (S-form oxidizing)
- methionine sulfoxide reductase A
- peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase

comment:
The reaction occurs in the reverse direction to that shown above. The enzyme exhibits high specificity for the reduction of the S-form of L-methionine S-oxide, acting faster on the residue in a peptide than on the free amino acid [9]. On the free amino acid, it can also reduce D-methionine (S)-S-oxide but more slowly [9]. The enzyme plays a role in preventing oxidative-stress damage caused by reactive oxygen species by reducing the oxidized form of methionine back to methionine and thereby reactivating peptides that had been damaged. In some species, e.g. Neisseria meningitidis, both this enzyme and EC 1.8.4.12, methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase, are found within the same protein whereas, in other species, they are separate proteins [1,4]. The reaction proceeds via a sulfenic-acid intermediate [5,10].

reaction:
(1) peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin; (2) L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin


entry: 1.8.4.12
sysname: peptide-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase [methionine (R)-S-oxide-forming]
reaction: peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = peptide-L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin
name:
--- 
- peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase
- MsrB
- methionine sulfoxide reductase (ambiguous)
- pMSR
- methionine S-oxide reductase (ambiguous)
- selenoprotein R
- methionine S-oxide reductase (R-form oxidizing)
- methionine sulfoxide reductase B
- SelR
- SelX
- PilB
- pRMsr

comment:
The reaction occurs in the reverse direction to that shown above. The enzyme exhibits high specificity for reduction of the R-form of methionine S-oxide, with higher activity being observed with L-methionine S-oxide than with D-methionine S-oxide [9]. While both free and protein-bound methionine (R)-S-oxide act as substrates, the activity with the peptide-bound form is far greater [10]. The enzyme plays a role in preventing oxidative-stress damage caused by reactive oxygen species by reducing the oxidized form of methionine back to methionine and thereby reactivating peptides that had been damaged. In some species, e.g. Neisseria meningitidis, both this enzyme and EC 1.8.4.11, peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase, are found within the same protein whereas in other species, they are separate proteins [3,5]. The reaction proceeds via a sulfenic-acid intermediate [5,10]. For MsrB2 and MsrB3, thioredoxin is a poor reducing agent but thionein works well [11]. The enzyme from some species contains selenocysteine and Zn2+.


entry: 1.8.4.13
sysname: L-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase
reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin
iubmb_reaction: (other) R02025
kegg_reaction: R02025
name:
--- 
- L-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase
- fSMsr
- methyl sulfoxide reductase I and II
- acetylmethionine sulfoxide reductase
- methionine sulfoxide reductase
- L-methionine:oxidized-thioredoxin S-oxidoreductase
- methionine-S-oxide reductase
- free-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase

comment:
Requires NADPH [2]. The reaction occurs in the opposite direction to that given above. Dithiothreitol can replace reduced thioredoxin. L-Methionine (R)-S-oxide is not a substrate [see EC 1.8.4.14, L-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase].


entry: 1.8.4.14
sysname: L-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase [L-methionine (R)-S-oxide-forming]
reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin
iubmb_reaction: (other) R02025
kegg_reaction: R02025
name:
--- 
- L-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase
- fRMsr
- FRMsr
- free met-R-(o) reductase
- free-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase

comment:
Requires NADPH. Unlike EC 1.8.4.12, peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase, this enzyme cannot use peptide-bound methionine (R)-S-oxide as a substrate [1]. Differs from EC 1.8.4.13, L-methionine (S)-S-oxide in that L-methionine (S)-S-oxide is not a substrate.


entry: 1.8.5.1
sysname: glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 glutathione + dehydroascorbate = glutathione disulfide + ascorbate [RN:R01112]
iubmb_reaction: R01112 > R01108
name:
--- 
- glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate)
- dehydroascorbic reductase
- dehydroascorbic acid reductase
- glutathione dehydroascorbate reductase
- DHA reductase
- dehydroascorbate reductase
- GDOR
- glutathione:dehydroascorbic acid oxidoreductase


entry: 1.8.5.2
sysname: thiosulfate:6-decylubiquinone oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 thiosulfate + 2 6-decylubiquinone = tetrathionate + 2 6-decylubiquinol [RN:R07177]
iubmb_reaction: R07177
name:
--- 
- thiosulfate dehydrogenase (quinone)
- thiosulfate:quinone oxidoreductase
- thiosulphate:quinone oxidoreductase
- thiosulfate oxidoreductase, tetrathionate-forming
- TQO

comment:
The reaction can also proceed with ferricyanide as the electron acceptor, but more slowly. Unlike EC 1.8.2.2, thiosulfate dehydrogenase, this enzyme cannot utilize cytochrome c as an acceptor.


entry: 1.8.6.1
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: Nitrate-ester reductase. Now included with EC 2.5.1.18 glutathione transferase (EC 1.8.6.1 created 1961, deleted 1976)


entry: 1.8.98.1
sysname: coenzyme B:coenzyme M:methanophenazine oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04540
name:
--- 
- CoB-CoM heterodisulfide reductase
- heterodisulfide reductase
- soluble heterodisulfide reductase

comment:
This enzyme is found in methanogenic archaea, particularly Methanosarcina species, and regenerates coenzyme M and coenzyme B after the action of EC 2.8.4.1, coenzyme-B sulfoethylthiotransferase. Contains (per heterodimeric unit) two distinct b-type hemes and two [4Fe-4S] clusters [3]. Highly specific for both coenzyme M and coenzyme B. Reacts with various phenazine derivatives, including 2-hydroxyphenazine and 2-bromophenazine.

reaction:
coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine [RN:R04540]


entry: 1.8.98.2
name: --- - sulfiredoxin - Srx1 - sulphiredoxin - peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) reductase
sysname:
peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine):thiol oxidoreductase [ATP-hydrolysing; peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine)-forming]

comment:
In the course of the reaction of EC 1.11.1.15, peroxiredoxin, its cysteine residue is alternately oxidized to the sulfenic acid, S-hydroxycysteine, and reduced back to cysteine. Occasionally the S-hydroxycysteine residue is further oxidized to the sulfinic acid S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine, thereby inactivating the enzyme. The reductase provides a mechanism for regenerating the active form of peroxiredoxin, i.e. the peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine) form. Apparently the reductase first catalyses the phosphorylation of the -S(O)-OH group by ATP to give -S(O)-O-P, which is attached to the peroxiredoxin by a cysteine residue, forming an -S(O)-S- link between the two enzymes. Attack by a thiol splits this bond, leaving the peroxiredoxin as the sulfenic acid and the reductase as the thiol.

reaction:
peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) + ATP + 2 R-SH = peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine) + ADP + phosphate + R-S-S-R


entry: 1.8.99.1
sysname: hydrogen-sulfide:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: hydrogen sulfide + acceptor + 3 H2O = sulfite + reduced acceptor [RN:R00861]
iubmb_reaction: R00861
kegg_reaction: R03597
name:
--- 
- sulfite reductase
- assimilatory sulfite reductase
- assimilatory-type sulfite reductase
- hydrogen-sulfide:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
An iron-protein. A stoichiometry of six molecules of reduced methyl viologen per molecule of sulfide formed was found.


entry: 1.8.99.2
sysname: AMP,sulfite:acceptor oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
comment: An iron flavoprotein (FAD). Methyl viologen can act as acceptor.
reaction: AMP + sulfite + acceptor = adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor [RN:R00860]
iubmb_reaction: R00860
kegg_reaction: R04927
name:
--- 
- adenylyl-sulfate reductase
- adenosine phosphosulfate reductase
- adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase
- APS-reductase
- APS reductase
- AMP,sulfite:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)


entry: 1.8.99.3
sysname: trithionate:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: trithionate + acceptor + 2 H2O + OH- = 3 bisulfite + reduced acceptor [RN:R00295]
iubmb_reaction: R00295
name:
--- 
- hydrogensulfite reductase
- bisulfite reductase
- dissimilatory sulfite reductase
- desulfoviridin
- desulforubidin
- desulfofuscidin
- dissimilatory-type sulfite reductase
- trithionate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
Methylviologen can act as acceptor. A group of sirohemoproteins containing iron-sulfur centres (P-582).


entry: 1.8.99.4
name: --- - Transferred to 1.8.4.8
comment:
Transferred entry: Now EC 1.8.4.8, phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC 1.8.99.4 created 1999, deleted 2000)


entry: 1.8.99.-
name: --- []
reaction:
(1) Tetrachlorohydroquinone + 2 Glutathione <=> 2,3,6-Trichlorohydroquinone + Oxidized glutathione + HCl [RN:R05402]; (2) 2,3,6-Trichlorohydroquinone + 2 Glutathione <=> 2,6-Dichlorohydroquinone + Oxidized glutathione + HCl [RN:R05403]


entry: 1.9.3.1
sysname: ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O [RN:R00081]
iubmb_reaction: R00081
name:
--- 
- cytochrome-c oxidase
- cytochrome oxidase
- cytochrome a3
- cytochrome aa3
- Warburg's respiratory enzyme
- indophenol oxidase
- indophenolase
- complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport)
- ferrocytochrome c oxidase
- NADH cytochrome c oxidase

comment:
A cytochrome of the a type containing copper. The reduction of O2 to water is accompanied by the extrusion of four protons from the intramitochondrial compartment. Several bacteria appear to contain analogous oxidases.


entry: 1.9.3.2
name: --- - Transferred to 1.7.2.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now included with EC 1.7.2.1, nitrite reductase (NO-forming) (EC 1.9.3.2 created 1965, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.9.6.1
sysname: ferrocytochrome:nitrate oxidoreductase
reaction: ferrocytochrome + nitrate = ferricytochrome + nitrite [RN:R03071]
iubmb_reaction: R03071 > R00792
name:
--- 
- nitrate reductase (cytochrome)
- respiratory nitrate reductase
- benzyl viologen-nitrate reductase


entry: 1.10.2.2
sysname: ubiquinol:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
reaction: QH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = Q + 2 ferrocytochrome c [RN:R02161]
iubmb_reaction: R02161
name:
--- 
- ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase
- coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase
- dihydrocoenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase
- reduced ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase, complex III (mitochondrial electron transport)
- ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase
- ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- reduced coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase
- ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- reduced ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- mitochondrial electron transport complex III
- ubiquinol-cytochrome c-2 oxidoreductase
- ubiquinone-cytochrome b-c1 oxidoreductase
- ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 reductase
- ubiquinol-cytochrome c1 oxidoreductase
- CoQH2-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- ubihydroquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase
- coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase
- QH2:cytochrome c oxidoreductase

comment:
Contains cytochromes b-562, b-566 and c1, and a 2-iron ferredoxin. Depending on the organism and physiological conditions, either two or four protons are extruded from the cytoplasmic to the non-cytoplasmic compartment (cf. EC 1.6.99.3 NADH dehydrogenase).


entry: 1.10.3.1
sysname: 1,2-benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 catechol + O2 = 2 1,2-benzoquinone + 2 H2O [RN:R00058]
iubmb_reaction: R00058
kegg_reaction: R00031 R00045
name:
--- 
- catechol oxidase
- diphenol oxidase
- o-diphenolase
- phenolase
- polyphenol oxidase
- tyrosinase
- pyrocatechol oxidase
- Dopa oxidase
- catecholase
- o-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase
- o-diphenol oxidoreductase

comment:
A group of copper proteins that act also on a variety of substituted catechols, and many of which also catalyse the reaction listed under EC 1.14.18.1 monophenol monooxygenase; this is especially true for the classical tyrosinase.


entry: 1.10.3.2
name: --- - laccase - urishiol oxidase - urushiol oxidase - p-diphenol oxidase
sysname: benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: 4 benzenediol + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 2 H2O [RN:R00083]
iubmb_reaction: R00083
comment:
A group of multi-copper proteins of low specificity acting on both o- and p-quinols, and often acting also on aminophenols and phenylenediamine. The semiquinone may react further either enzymically or non-enzymically.


entry: 1.10.3.3
sysname: L-ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase
comment: A multicopper protein.
reaction: 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = 2 dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O [RN:R00035]
iubmb_reaction: R00035 > R00068
name:
--- 
- L-ascorbate oxidase
- ascorbase
- ascorbic acid oxidase
- ascorbate oxidase
- ascorbic oxidase
- ascorbate dehydrogenase
- L-ascorbic acid oxidase
- AAO
- L-ascorbate:O2 oxidoreductase
- AA oxidase


entry: 1.10.3.4
sysname: 2-aminophenol:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R00074
name:
--- 
- o-aminophenol oxidase
- isophenoxazine synthase
- o-aminophenol:O2 oxidoreductase
- 2-aminophenol:O2 oxidoreductase
- GriF

comment:
A flavoprotein. While the enzyme from the plant Tecoma stans is activated by Mn2+ [1], that from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus (GriF) requires Cu2+ for maximal activity. Two molecules of the product 6-iminocyclohexa-2,4-dienone (i.e. 1,2-benzoquinone monoimine) spontaneously condense with oxidation to yield 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one [4]. 3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, which has a -CHO group at the para-position with respect to the hydroxy group of 2-aminophenol, was found to be the best substrate for GriF [4].

reaction:
(1) (1a) 2 2-aminophenol + O2 = 2 6-iminocyclohexa-2,4-dienone + 2 H2O [RN:R00074]; (2) (1b) 2 6-iminocyclohexa-2,4-dienone + oxidant = 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one + reduced oxidant (spontaneous)


entry: 1.10.3.6
name: --- - rifamycin-B oxidase - rifamycin B oxidase
sysname: rifamycin-B:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: rifamycin B + O2 = rifamycin O + H2O2 [RN:R03736]
iubmb_reaction: R03736
comment:
Acts also on benzene-1,4-diol and, more slowly, on some other p-quinols. Not identical with EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase), EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase), EC 1.10.3.4 (o-aminophenol oxidase) or EC 1.10.3.5 (3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase).


entry: 1.10.3.7
name: --- - Transferred to 1.21.3.4
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.21.3.4, sulochrin oxidase [(+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] (EC 1.10.3.7 created 1986, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.10.3.8
name: --- - Transferred to 1.21.3.5
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.21.3.5, sulochrin oxidase [(-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] (EC 1.10.3.8 created 1986, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.10.99.1
sysname: plastoquinol:oxidized-plastocyanin oxidoreductase
reaction: plastoquinol-1 + 2 oxidized plastocyanin = plastoquinone + 2 reduced plastocyanin [RN:R03817]
iubmb_reaction: R03817
name:
--- 
- plastoquinol-plastocyanin reductase
- plastoquinol/plastocyanin oxidoreductase
- cytochrome b6/f complex
- cytochrome b6/ complex

comment:
A cytochrome f,b6 complex separated from chloroplasts. Also acts, more slowly, on plastoquinol-9 and ubiquinols. Cytochrome c-552 can act instead of plastocyanin, but more slowly.


entry: 1.10.99.2
sysname: 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide:quinone oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R07361
name:
--- 
- ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)
- NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2
- NQO2
- NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-2 (misleading)
- QR2
- quinone reductase 2
- N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)
- NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase2 (misleading)

comment:
A flavoprotein. Unlike EC 1.6.5.2, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone), this quinone reductase cannot use NADH or NADPH; instead it uses N-ribosyl- and N-alkyldihydronicotinamides. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benz[a]anthracene, and the oestrogens 17beta-estradiol and diethylstilbestrol are potent inhibitors, but dicoumarol is only a very weak inhibitor [2]. This enzyme can catalyse both 2-electron and 4-electron reductions, but one-electron acceptors, such as potassium ferricyanide, cannot be reduced [3].

reaction:
1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone = 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide + a hydroquinone [RN:R07361]


entry: 1.10.99.3
name: --- - violaxanthin de-epoxidase - VDE
sysname: violaxanthin:ascorbate oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R07178 R07179
comment:
Along with EC 1.14.13.90, zeaxanthin epoxidase, this enzyme forms part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle for controlling the concentration of zeaxanthin in chloroplasts. It is activated by a low pH of the thylakoid lumen (produced by high light intensity). Zeaxanthin induces the dissipation of excitation energy in the chlorophyll of the light-harvesting protein complex of photosystem II. In higher plants the enzyme reacts with all-trans-diepoxides, such as violaxanthin, and all-trans-monoepoxides, but in the alga Mantoniella squamata, only the diepoxides are good substrates.

reaction:
(1) violaxanthin + ascorbate = antheraxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O [RN:R07178]; (2) antheraxanthin + ascorbate = zeaxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O [RN:R07179]


entry: 1.11.1.1
sysname: NADH:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD). Ferricyanide, quinones, etc., can replace H2O2.
reaction: NADH + H+ + H2O2 = NAD+ + 2 H2O [RN:R00090]
iubmb_reaction: R00090
name:
--- 
- NADH peroxidase
- DPNH peroxidase
- NAD peroxidase
- diphosphopyridine nucleotide peroxidase
- NADH-peroxidase
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide peroxidase
- NADH2 peroxidase


entry: 1.11.1.2
sysname: NADPH:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
reaction: NADPH + H+ + H2O2 = NADP+ + 2 H2O [RN:R00113]
iubmb_reaction: R00113
name:
--- 
- NADPH peroxidase
- TPNH peroxidase
- NADP peroxidase
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate peroxidase
- TPN peroxidase
- triphosphopyridine nucleotide peroxidase
- NADPH2 peroxidase


entry: 1.11.1.4
name: --- - Transferred to 1.13.11.11
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.13.11.11 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.11.1.4 created 1961, deleted 1964, reinstated 1965 as EC 1.13.1.12, deleted 1972)


entry: 1.11.1.5
sysname: ferrocytochrome-c:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
comment: A hemoprotein.
reaction: 2 ferrocytochrome c + H2O2 = 2 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O [RN:R00017]
iubmb_reaction: R00017
name:
--- 
- cytochrome-c peroxidase
- cytochrome peroxidase
- cytochrome c-551 peroxidase
- apocytochrome c peroxidase
- mesocytochrome c peroxidase azide
- mesocytochrome c peroxidase cyanide
- mesocytochrome c peroxidase cyanate
- cytochrome c-H2O oxidoreductase
- cytochrome c peroxidase


entry: 1.11.1.6
name: --- - catalase - equilase - caperase - optidase - catalase-peroxidase - CAT
sysname: hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 H2O2 = O2 + 2 H2O [RN:R00009]
iubmb_reaction: R00009
kegg_reaction: R00602 R02670
comment:
A hemoprotein. This enzyme can also act as a peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7 peroxidase) for which several organic substances, especially ethanol, can act as a hydrogen donor. A manganese protein containing Mn(III) in the resting state, which also belongs here, is often called pseudocatalase. Enzymes from some microorganisms, such as Penicillium simplicissimum, which exhibit both catalase and peroxidase activity, have sometimes been referred to as catalase-peroxidase.


entry: 1.11.1.7
sysname: donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
comment: A hemoprotein.
reaction: donor + H2O2 = oxidized donor + 2 H2O [RN:R03532]
iubmb_reaction: R03532 > R00602
kegg_reaction: R00698 R02596 R03919 R04007 R07443
name:
--- 
- peroxidase
- myeloperoxidase
- lactoperoxidase
- verdoperoxidase
- guaiacol peroxidase
- thiocyanate peroxidase
- eosinophil peroxidase
- Japanese radish peroxidase
- horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
- extensin peroxidase
- heme peroxidase
- MPO
- oxyperoxidase
- protoheme peroxidase
- pyrocatechol peroxidase
- scopoletin peroxidase


entry: 1.11.1.8
sysname: iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
comment: A hemoprotein.
reaction: 2 iodide + H2O2 + 2 H+ = diiodine + 2 H2O
iubmb_reaction: (other) R02810 R03208 R03539 R03953 R03973
kegg_reaction: R02810 R03208 R03539 R03953 R03973
name:
--- 
- iodide peroxidase
- iodotyrosine deiodase
- iodinase
- iodoperoxidase (heme type)
- thyroid peroxidase
- iodide peroxidase-tyrosine iodinase
- iodotyrosine deiodinase
- monoiodotyrosine deiodinase
- thyroperoxidase
- tyrosine iodinase


entry: 1.11.1.9
sysname: glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 glutathione + H2O2 = glutathione disulfide + 2 H2O [RN:R00274]
iubmb_reaction: R00274
kegg_reaction: R07034 R07035
name:
--- 
- glutathione peroxidase
- GSH peroxidase
- selenium-glutathione peroxidase
- reduced glutathione peroxidase

comment:
A protein containing a selenocysteine residue. Steroid and lipid hydroperoxides, but not the product of reaction of EC 1.13.11.12 lipoxygenase on phospholipids, can act as acceptor, but more slowly than H2O2 (cf. EC 1.11.1.12 phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase).


entry: 1.11.1.10
name: --- - chloride peroxidase - chloroperoxidase
sysname: chloride:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 RH + 2 Cl- + H2O2 = 2 RCl + 2 H2O [RN:R00052]
iubmb_reaction: R00052
comment:
Brings about the chlorination of a range of organic molecules, forming stable C-Cl bonds. Can also act on Br- and I-. Probably a heme-thiolate protein (P-450).


entry: 1.11.1.11
sysname: L-ascorbate:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
reaction: L-ascorbate + H2O2 = dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O [RN:R00642]
iubmb_reaction: R00642 > R00644
name:
--- 
- L-ascorbate peroxidase
- L-ascorbic acid peroxidase
- L-ascorbic acid-specific peroxidase
- ascorbate peroxidase
- ascorbic acid peroxidase


entry: 1.11.1.12
sysname: glutathione:lipid-hydroperoxide oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 glutathione + a lipid hydroperoxide = glutathione disulfide + lipid + 2 H2O [RN:R03167]
iubmb_reaction: R03167
name:
--- 
- phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase
- peroxidation-inhibiting protein
- PHGPX
- "peroxidation-inhibiting protein: peroxidase, glutathione (phospholipid hydroperoxide-reducing)"
- phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase
- hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase

comment:
A protein containing a selenocysteine residue. The products of action of EC 1.13.11.12 lipoxygenase on phospholipids can act as acceptor; H2O2 can also act, but much more slowly (cf. EC 1.11.1.9 glutathione peroxidase).


entry: 1.11.1.14
sysname: 1,2-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R04461
name:
--- 
- lignin peroxidase
- diarylpropane oxygenase
- ligninase I
- diarylpropane peroxidase
- LiP
- diarylpropane:oxygen,hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
- 1,2-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase (C-C-bond-cleaving)

comment:
A hemoprotein. Brings about the oxidative cleavage of C-C bonds and ether (C-O-C) bonds in a number of lignin model compounds (of the diarylpropane and arylpropane-aryl ether type). The enzyme also oxidizes benzyl alcohols to aldehydes, via an aromatic cation radical [9]. Involved in the oxidative breakdown of lignin in white rot basidiomycetes. Molecular oxygen may be involved in the reaction of substrate radicals under aerobic conditions [3,8].

reaction:
1,2-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol + H2O2 = 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde + 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol + H2O [RN:R04461]


entry: 1.11.1.15
sysname: thiol-containing-reductant:hydroperoxide oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 R'-SH + ROOH = R'-S-S-R' + H2O + ROH [RN:R07180]
iubmb_reaction: R07180
name:
--- 
- peroxiredoxin
- thioredoxin peroxidase
- tryparedoxin peroxidase
- alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C22
- AhpC
- TrxPx
- TXNPx
- Prx
- PRDX

comment:
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant proteins. They can be divided into three classes: typical 2-Cys, atypical 2-Cys and 1-Cys peroxiredoxins [1]. The peroxidase reaction comprises two steps centred around a redox-active cysteine called the peroxidatic cysteine. All three peroxiredoxin classes have the first step in common, in which the peroxidatic cysteine attacks the peroxide substrate and is oxidized to S-hydroxycysteine (a sulfenic acid) (see mechanism). The second step of the peroxidase reaction, the regeneration of cysteine from S-hydroxycysteine, distinguishes the three peroxiredoxin classes. For typical 2-Cys Prxs, in the second step, the peroxidatic S-hydroxycysteine from one subunit is attacked by the 'resolving' cysteine located in the C-terminus of the second subunit, to form an intersubunit disulfide bond, which is then reduced by one of several cell-specific thiol-containing reductants (R'-SH) (e.g. thioredoxin, AhpF, tryparedoxin or AhpD), completing the catalytic cycle. In the atypical 2-Cys Prxs, both the peroxidatic cysteine and its resolving cysteine are in the same polypeptide, so their reaction forms an intrachain disulfide bond [1]. To recycle the disulfide, known atypical 2-Cys Prxs appear to use thioredoxin as an electron donor [3]. The 1-Cys Prxs conserve only the peroxidatic cysteine, so that its oxidized form is directly reduced to cysteine by the reductant molecule [4].


entry: 1.11.1.16
name: --- - versatile peroxidase - VP - hybrid peroxidase - polyvalent peroxidase
sysname: reactive-black-5:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase
comment:
A hemoprotein. This ligninolytic peroxidase combines the substrate-specificity characteristics of the two other ligninolytic peroxidases, EC 1.11.1.13, manganese peroxidase and EC 1.11.1.14, lignin peroxidase. It is also able to oxidize phenols, hydroquinones and both low- and high-redox-potential dyes, due to a hybrid molecular architecture that involves multiple binding sites for substrates [2,4].

reaction:
(1) Reactive Black 5 + H2O2 = oxidized Reactive Black 5 + 2 H2O; (2) donor + H2O2 = oxidized donor + 2 H2O


entry: 1.12.1.2
sysname: hydrogen:NAD+ oxidoreductase
comment: An iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FMN or FAD). Some forms of this enzyme contain nickel.
reaction: H2 + NAD+ = H+ + NADH [RN:R00700]
iubmb_reaction: R00700
kegg_reaction: R07181
name:
--- 
- hydrogen dehydrogenase
- H2:NAD+ oxidoreductase
- NAD-linked hydrogenase
- bidirectional hydrogenase
- hydrogenase


entry: 1.12.1.3
sysname: hydrogen:NADP+ oxidoreductase
comment: An iron-sulfur flavoprotein.
reaction: H2 + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH
name:
--- 
- hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP+)
- NADP-linked hydrogenase
- NADP-reducing hydrogenase
- hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP)
- hydrogenase [ambiguous]


entry: 1.12.2.1
sysname: hydrogen:ferricytochrome-c3 oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 = 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3 [RN:R04015]
iubmb_reaction: R04015
name:
--- 
- cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase
- H2:ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase
- cytochrome c3 reductase
- cytochrome hydrogenase
- hydrogenase [ambiguous]

comment:
An iron-sulfur protein. Some forms of the enzyme contain nickel ([NiFe]-hydrogenases) and, of these, some contain selenocysteine ([NiFeSe]-hydrogenases). Methylene blue and other acceptors can also be reduced.


entry: 1.12.5.1
sysname: hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase
reaction: H2 + menaquinone = menaquinol [RN:R02965]
iubmb_reaction: R02965
name:
--- 
- hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase
- hydrogen-ubiquinone oxidoreductase
- hydrogen:menaquinone oxidoreductase
- membrane-bound hydrogenase
- quinone-reactive Ni/Fe-hydrogenase

comment:
Contains nickel, iron-sulfur clusters and cytochrome b. Also catalyses the reduction of water-soluble quinones (e.g. 2,3-dimethylnaphthoquinone) or viologen dyes (benzyl viologen or methyl viologen).


entry: 1.12.7.2
sysname: hydrogen:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
reaction: H2 + oxidized ferredoxin = reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ [RN:R00019]
iubmb_reaction: R00019
name:
--- 
- ferredoxin hydrogenase
- H2 oxidizing hydrogenase
- H2 producing hydrogenase [ambiguous]
- bidirectional hydrogenase
- hydrogen-lyase [ambiguous]
- hydrogenase (ferredoxin)
- hydrogenase I
- hydrogenase II
- hydrogenlyase [ambiguous]
- uptake hydrogenase [ambiguous]

comment:
Contains iron-sulfur clusters. The enzymes from some sources contains nickel. Can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances. Formerly EC 1.12.1.1, EC 1.12.7.1, EC 1.98.1.1, EC 1.18.3.1 and EC 1.18.99.1.


entry: 1.12.98.1
sysname: hydrogen:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase
reaction: H2 + coenzyme F420 = reduced coenzyme F420 [RN:R03025]
iubmb_reaction: R03025
name:
--- 
- coenzyme F420 hydrogenase
- 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin-reducing hydrogenase
- F420-reducing hydrogenase
- coenzyme F420-dependent hydrogenase

comment:
An iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FAD) containing nickel. The enzyme from some sources contains selenocysteine. The enzyme also reduces the riboflavin analogue of F420, flavins and methylviologen, but to a lesser extent. The hydrogen acceptor coenzyme F420 is a deazaflavin derivative.


entry: 1.12.98.2
sysname: hydrogen:5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin oxidoreductase
reaction: H2 + 5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin = H+ + 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin [RN:R04455]
iubmb_reaction: R04455
name:
--- 
- 5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase
- H2-forming N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
- nonmetal hydrogenase
- N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase
- hydrogen:N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin oxidoreductase

comment:
Does not catalyse the reduction of artificial dyes. Does not by itself catalyse a H2/H+ exchange reaction. Does not contain nickel or iron-sulfur clusters.


entry: 1.12.98.3
sysname: hydrogen:2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine oxidoreductase
reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine
name:
--- 
- Methanosarcina-phenazine hydrogenase
- methanophenazine hydrogenase
- methylviologen-reducing hydrogenase

comment:
Contains nickel, iron-sulfur clusters and cytochrome b. The enzyme from some sources contains selenocysteine.


entry: 1.12.99.1
name: --- - Transferred to 1.12.98.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.12.98.1, coenzyme F420 hydrogenase (EC 1.12.99.1 created 1989, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.12.99.2
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: coenzyme-M-7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine-phosphate-heterodisulfide hydrogenase. Now shown to be two enzymes, EC 1.12.98.3, Methanosarcina-phenazine hydrogenase and EC 1.8.98.1, CoB-CoM heterodisulfide reductase. (EC 1.12.99.2 created 1992, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.12.99.3
name: --- - Transferred to 1.12.5.1
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.12.5.1, hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase (EC 1.12.99.3 created 1999, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.12.99.4
name: --- - Transferred to 1.12.98.2
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.12.98.2, N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase (EC 1.12.99.4 created 1999, deleted 2002)


entry: 1.12.99.5
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: 3,4-dihydroxyquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase. Identical to EC 1.13.11.47 (EC 1.12.99.5 created 1999, deleted 2001)


entry: 1.12.99.6
sysname: hydrogen:acceptor oxidoreductase
reaction: H2 + A = AH2 [RN:R07182]
iubmb_reaction: R07182
name:
--- 
- hydrogenase (acceptor)
- H2 producing hydrogenase[ambiguous]
- hydrogen-lyase[ambiguous]
- hydrogenlyase[ambiguous]
- uptake hydrogenase[ambiguous]
- hydrogen:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

comment:
Uses molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances. Contains iron-sulfur clusters. The enzyme from some sources contains nickel.


entry: 1.13.11.1
sysname: catechol:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase
reaction: catechol + O2 = cis,cis-muconate [RN:R00817]
iubmb_reaction: R00817
kegg_reaction: R04258 R05299 R06833 R06839
name:
--- 
- catechol 1,2-dioxygenase
- catechol-oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase
- 1,2-pyrocatechase
- catechase
- catechol 1,2-oxygenase
- catechol dioxygenase
- pyrocatechase
- pyrocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase
- CD I
- CD II

comment:
Requires Fe3+. Involved in the metabolism of nitro-aromatic compounds by a strain of Pseudomonas putida. Formerly EC 1.13.1.1 and EC 1.99.2.2.


entry: 1.13.11.2
sysname: catechol:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
reaction: catechol + O2 = 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde [RN:R00816]
iubmb_reaction: R00816
kegg_reaction: R04089 R05295 R05404 R05406
name:
--- 
- catechol 2,3-dioxygenase
- 2,3-pyrocatechase
- catechol 2,3-oxygenase
- catechol oxygenase
- metapyrocatechase
- pyrocatechol 2,3-dioxygenase

comment:
Requires Fe(II). Formerly EC 1.13.1.2. The enzyme from Alcaligenes sp. strain O-1 has also been shown to catalyse the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxymuconate + bisulfite and has been referred to as 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate 2,3-dioxygenase. Further work will be necessary to show whether or not this is a distinct enzyme.


entry: 1.13.11.3
sysname: protocatechuate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: Requires Fe3+. Formerly EC 1.13.1.3 and EC 1.99.2.3.
reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate [RN:R01631]
iubmb_reaction: R01631
kegg_reaction: R03549
name:
--- 
- protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase
- protocatechuate oxygenase
- protocatechuic acid oxidase
- protocatechuic 3,4-dioxygenase
- protocatechuic 3,4-oxygenase


entry: 1.13.11.4
sysname: gentisate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: Requires Fe2+. Formerly EC 1.13.1.4 and EC 1.99.2.4.
reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = maleylpyruvate [RN:R02656]
iubmb_reaction: R02656
name:
--- 
- gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase
- gentisate oxygenase
- 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate dioxygenase
- gentisate dioxygenase
- gentisic acid oxidase


entry: 1.13.11.5
sysname: homogentisate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: Requires Fe2+. Formerly EC 1.13.1.5 and EC 1.99.2.5.
reaction: homogentisate + O2 = 4-maleylacetoacetate [RN:R02519]
iubmb_reaction: R02519
name:
--- 
- homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase
- homogentisicase
- homogentisate oxygenase
- homogentisate dioxygenase
- homogentisate oxidase
- homogentisic acid oxidase
- homogentisic acid oxygenase
- homogentisic oxygenase


entry: 1.13.11.6
sysname: 3-hydroxyanthranilate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: Requires Fe2+. Formerly EC 1.13.1.6.
reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O2 = 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde [RN:R02665]
iubmb_reaction: R02665
name:
--- 
- 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase
- 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase
- 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase
- 3-hydroxyanthranilic oxygenase
- 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxidase
- 3HAO


entry: 1.13.11.7
name: --- - Deleted entry
comment:
Deleted entry: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.7 created 1965 as EC 1.13.1.7, transferred 1972 to EC 1.13.11.7, deleted 1980)


entry: 1.13.11.8
sysname: protocatechuate:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: Requires Fe2+. Formerly EC 1.13.1.8.
reaction: protocatechuate + O2 = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde [RN:R01632]
iubmb_reaction: R01632
kegg_reaction: R03550 R04280
name:
--- 
- protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase
- protocatechuate 4,5-oxygenase
- protocatechuic 4,5-dioxygenase
- protocatechuic 4,5-oxygenase


entry: 1.13.11.9
sysname: 2,5-dihydroxypyridine:oxygen 5,6-oxidoreductase
comment: Requires Fe2+. Formerly EC 1.13.1.9.
reaction: 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + O2 + H2O = maleamate + formate [RN:R03204]
iubmb_reaction: R03204
name:
--- 
- 2,5-dihydroxypyridine 5,6-dioxygenase
- 2,5-dihydroxypyridine oxygenase
- pyridine-2,5-diol dioxygenase


entry: 1.13.11.10
sysname: 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate:oxygen 8,8a-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: Requires Fe2+. Formerly EC 1.13.1.10.
iubmb_reaction: R03252
kegg_reaction: R03253
name:
--- 
- 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate 8,8a-dioxygenase
- 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate oxygenase
- 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate 8,8alpha-dioxygenase

reaction:
7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + O2 = 5-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-4,6-dihydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate [RN:R03252]


entry: 1.13.11.11
sysname: L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
iubmb_reaction: (other) R00678
kegg_reaction: R00678
name:
--- 
- tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
- tryptophan pyrrolase (ambiguous)
- tryptophanase
- tryptophan oxygenase
- tryptamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- tryptophan peroxidase
- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ambiguous)
- indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ambiguous)
- L-tryptophan pyrrolase
- TDO
- L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

comment:
A protohemoprotein. In mammals, the enzyme appears to be located only in the liver. This enzyme, together with EC 1.13.11.52, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, catalyses the first and rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway, the major pathway of tryptophan metabolism [5]. The enzyme is specific for tryptophan as substrate, but is far more active with L-tryptophan than with D-tryptophan [2].


entry: 1.13.11.12
sysname: linoleate:oxygen 13-oxidoreductase
reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,11E)-(13S)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate [RN:R03626]
iubmb_reaction: R03626
name:
--- 
- lipoxygenase
- lipoxidase
- carotene oxidase
- lipoperoxidase
- fat oxidase
- lipoxydase
- lionoleate:O2 oxidoreductase

comment:
An iron protein. Also oxidizes other methylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids. Formerly EC 1.13.1.13 and EC 1.99.2.1.


entry: 1.13.11.14
sysname: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde [RN:R01507]
iubmb_reaction: R01507
name:
--- 
- 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase
- o-pyrocatechuate oxygenase
- 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase
- 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic oxygenase
- 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate oxygenase


entry: 1.13.11.15
sysname: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: An iron protein.
reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde [RN:R03303]
iubmb_reaction: R03303
name:
--- 
- 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase
- 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 2,3-dioxygenase
- HPC dioxygenase
- homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase


entry: 1.13.11.16
sysname: 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: An iron protein.
reaction: 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-diene-1,9-dioate [RN:R04376]
iubmb_reaction: R04376
kegg_reaction: R06788
name:
--- 
- 3-carboxyethylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase
- 2,3-dihydroxy-beta-phenylpropionic dioxygenase
- 2,3-dihydroxy-beta-phenylpropionate oxygenase
- 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase


entry: 1.13.11.17
sysname: indole:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
reaction: indole + O2 = 2-formylaminobenzaldehyde [RN:R02338]
iubmb_reaction: R02338
name:
--- 
- indole 2,3-dioxygenase
- indole oxidase
- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ambiguous)
- indole:O2 oxidoreductase
- indole-oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
- IDO (ambiguous)

comment:
The enzyme from the plant Jasminum grandiflorum is a flavoprotein containing copper, and forms anthranilate as the final product. One enzyme from Tecoma stans is also a flavoprotein containing copper and uses three atoms of oxygen per molecule of indole, to form anthranil (3,4-benzoisoxazol). A second enzyme from Tecoma stans, which is not a flavoprotein, uses four atoms of oxygen and forms anthranilate as the final product.


entry: 1.13.11.18
name: --- - sulfur dioxygenase - sulfur oxygenase - sulfur:oxygen oxidoreductase
sysname: S-sulfanylglutathione:oxygen oxidoreductase
iubmb_reaction: R00781
comment:
An iron protein. Glutathione (GSH) plays a catalytic role in elemental sulfur activation, but is not consumed during the enzymic reaction. GSH and elemental sulfur react non-enzymically to yield S-sulfanylglutathione and it is only in this form that the sulfur can be oxidized to yield sulfite. The sulfite can be further converted into sulfate, thiosulfate or S-sulfoglutathione (GSSO3-) non-enzymically [2].

reaction:
(1) glutathione + sulfur = S-sulfanylglutathione (spontaneous) [RN:R00781]; (2) S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = glutathione + sulfite + 2 H+


entry: 1.13.11.19
sysname: 2-aminoethanethiol:oxygen oxidoreductase
reaction: 2-aminoethanethiol + O2 = hypotaurine [RN:R02467]
iubmb_reaction: R02467
name:
--- 
- cysteamine dioxygenase
- persulfurase
- cysteamine oxygenase
- cysteamine:oxygen oxidoreductase

comment:
A non-heme iron protein that is involved in the biosynthesis of taurine. Requires catalytic amounts of a cofactor-like compound, such as sulfur, sufide, selenium or methylene blue for maximal activity. 3-Aminopropanethiol (homocysteamine) and 2-mercaptoethanol can also act as substrates, but glutathione, cysteine, and cysteine ethyl- and methyl esters are not good substrates [1,3].


entry: 1.13.11.21
name: --- - Transferred to 1.14.99.36
comment:
Transferred entry: now EC 1.14.99.36, beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (EC 1.13.11.21 created 1972, deleted 2001)


entry: 1.13.11.24
name: --- - quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase - quercetinase - flavonol 2,4-oxygenase
sysname: quercetin:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
reaction: quercetin + O2 = 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate + CO + H+ [RN:R02156]
iubmb_reaction: R02156
comment:
The enzyme from Aspergillus sp. is a copper protein whereas that from Bacillus subtilis contains iron. Quercetin is a flavonol (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol).


entry: 1.13.11.25
sysname: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: Requires Fe2+. Also acts on 3-isopropylcatechol and 3-tert-butyl-5-methylcatechol.
iubmb_reaction: R04597
name:
--- 
- 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione 4,5-dioxygenase
- steroid 4,5-dioxygenase
- 3-alkylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase

reaction:
3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + O2 = 3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate [RN:R04597]


entry: 1.13.11.26
sysname: peptide-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
comment: Also acts on tryptophan.
reaction: peptide tryptophan + O2 = peptide formylkynurenine [RN:R04032]
iubmb_reaction: R04032
name:
--- 
- peptide-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
- pyrrolooxygenase
- peptidyltryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
- tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase


entry: 1.13.11.27
sysname: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating)
reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2 [RN:R02521]
iubmb_reaction: R02521
kegg_reaction: R01372
name:
--- 
- 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
- p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic hydroxylase
- p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase
- p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase
- p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic oxidase
- p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
- p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid hydroxylase
- 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase

comment:
The Pseudomonas enzyme contains one Fe3+ per mole of enzyme; the enzymes from other sources may contain essential iron or copper. Formerly EC 1.14.2.2 and EC 1.99.1.14.


entry: 1.13.11.29
name: --- - stizolobate synthase
sysname: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (recyclizing)
iubmb_reaction: R02075
kegg_reaction: R04598 R04599
comment:
The intermediate product undergoes ring closure and oxidation, with NAD(P)+ as acceptor, to stizolobic acid. The enzyme requires Zn2+.

reaction:
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 4-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde [RN:R02075]


entry: 1.13.11.30
name: --- - stizolobinate synthase
sysname: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (recyclizing)
iubmb_reaction: R02076
kegg_reaction: R04600 R04601
comment:
The intermediate product undergoes ring closure and oxidation, with NAD(P)+ as acceptor, to stizolobinic acid. The enzyme requires Zn2+.

reaction:
3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 5-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde [RN:R02076]


entry: 1.13.11.31
sysname: arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase
comment: The product is rapidly reduced to the corresponding 12S-hydroxy compound.
reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-(12S)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate [RN:R01596]
iubmb_reaction: R01596
name:
--- 
- arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase
- delta12-lipoxygenase
- 12-lipoxygenase
- 12delta-lipoxygenase
- C-12 lipoxygenase
- 12S-lipoxygenase
- leukotriene A4 synthase
- LTA4 synthase


entry: 1.13.11.32
name: --- - 2-nitropropane dioxygenase - nitroalkane oxidase
sysname: 2-nitropropane:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase
reaction: 2 2-nitropropane + O2 = 2 acetone + 2 nitrite [RN:R00025]
iubmb_reaction: R00025
comment:
An iron flavoprotein. Some other nitroalkanes, including nitroethane, 1-nitropropane and 3-nitro-2-pentanol, can act as donors, but more slowly.


entry: 1.13.11.33
sysname: arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase
comment: The product is rapidly reduced to the corresponding 15S-hydroxy compound.
reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-(15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoate [RN:R01593]
iubmb_reaction: R01593
kegg_reaction: R03626
name:
--- 
- arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase
- 15-lipoxygenase
- linoleic acid omega6-lipoxygenase
- omega6 lipoxygenase


